Forty years of carabid beetle research in Europe - from taxonomy, biology, ecology and population studies to bioindication, habitat assessment and conservation

Volume: 100Start Page: 55End Page: 14

Current and emerging developments in subseasonal to decadal prediction

Weather and climate variations of subseasonal to decadal timescales can have enormous social, economic and environmental impacts, making skillful predictions on these timescales a valuable tool for decision makers. As such, there is a growing interest in the scientific, operational and applications communities in developing forecasts to improve our foreknowledge of extreme events. On subseasonal to seasonal (S2S) timescales, these include high-impact meteorological events such as tropical cyclones, extratropical storms, floods, droughts, and heat and cold waves. On seasonal to decadal (S2D) timescales, while the focus remains broadly similar (e.g., on precipitation, surface and upper ocean temperatures and their effects on the probabilities of high-impact meteorological events), understanding the roles of internal and externally-forced variability such as anthropogenic warming in forecasts also becomes important. The S2S and S2D communities share common scientific and technical challenges. These include forecast initialization and ensemble generation; initialization shock and drift; understanding the onset of model systematic errors; bias correct, calibration and forecast quality assessment; model resolution; atmosphere-ocean coupling; sources and expectations for predictability; and linking research, operational forecasting, and end user needs. In September 2018 a coordinated pair of international conferences, framed by the above challenges, was organized jointly by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and the World Weather Research Prograame (WWRP). These conferences surveyed the state of S2S and S2D prediction, ongoing research, and future needs, providing an ideal basis for synthesizing current and emerging developments in these areas that promise to enhance future operational services. This article provides such a synthesis

Geomechanical, seismological, and geodetic data pertaining to the Groningen gas field: a data package used in the "Mmax II Workshop", on constraining the maximum earthquake magnitude in the Groningen field

The operator of the Groningen gas field, the Nederlandse Aardolie Maatschappij (NAM) has been developing and refining a seismic hazard and risk model as part of the response to induced earthquakes seen in the Groningen gas field since the early ‘90s. As part of these efforts, a workshop was conducted to address the question of the maximum earthquake magnitude, Mmax, that should be considered in the seismic hazard and risk modelling. An international panel of experts was appointed to make the assessment of Mmax for Groningen, informed by the presentations made at the workshop. This data package was produced for use by participants in the Groningen Mmax Workshop, which took place in Amsterdam on 13 - 17 June 2022. The data package constitutes general background reports and papers, geodetic data (surface levelling and InSAR measurements), earthquake location, magnitude and time data; reservoir engineering output and production data, including calculated, in-situ compaction and pressure versus time data. Calculated compaction and pressure versus time data up to 2021 are benchmarked to measured surface subsidence and formation pressure values obtained in the last few decades, and include predicted values up to 2050. For predictions, a rate-type compaction model was used, while assuming various production scenarios (clearly defined in the included explanatory files). For questions: [email protected]