\u3ci\u3eIn Vivo\u3c/i\u3e And \u3ci\u3eIn Vitro\u3c/i\u3e Studies Of Polyamides That Are Active Antiviral Agents Against HPV16

Long-term, persistent infection with high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) is the precursor of most cervical cancers and an increasing number of the head and neck cancers. While HPV vaccines can protect patients under twenty-five years old from possible infections, no HPV antiviral drugs are available for the definitive treatment of preexisting or future viral infections. To treat current or future HPV infections, drugs that selectively block virus-specific processes, but do not damage the host cells, are needed. The compounds developed in our group are unique Imidazole-pyrrole polyamides, analogs of natural products Distamycin A and Netropsin that function by interfering with natural virus-host interactions. Within the overall program of my group, my work focuses on three specific projects. The first project (Chapter 2) includes bioavailability LC-MS/MS analysis study of one of the leading compounds in plasma and whole blood. The second project includes the biophysical study of interactions between two polyamides, called TMG Asymmetric Hairpin Polyamides (TMG-AHP), and an essential viral DNA segment. The aim of this study was to determine where and how strongly the compounds bind to the viral DNA. In this work, two methods were used: the quantitative deoxyribonuclease (DNase I) footprinting method and the affinity cleavage assay (AC). The results are presented in Chapters 3 and 4. The remarkable findings resulted in binding location maps that help us to better understand the mechanism of action of AHPs and to address the question: what is the primary reason for neutralizing a virus by our polyamides. Based on the knowledge gathered from the results of the first project, a complex study (RNA-Seq) concerned with genome expression was performed. The aim of the third project is to find the common features and differences in the polyamides’ mechanism of action by quantifying messenger RNA (mRNA), after treatment of HPV infected skin cells with 8 different polyamides. In parallel with the analysis of human and viral transcriptome, a separate study concerned with the differential expression profile of seven DDR genes that are components of the homologous recombination (HR) pathway have been studied by RT-qPCR method. The results are presented in Chapter 5 and 6. Data gathered from the third project help us further understand the mechanism of polyamide action

A nemkonvencionális monetáris politika transzmissziós mechanizmusa, valamint a mennyiségi lazítás egyes pénzpiaci és makrogazdasági hatásai

As a result of the financial turbulence and the economic downturn following the global financial crisis of 2008–2009, the traditional monetary policy instruments were unable to help achieve monetary policy goals. In response, many central banks have adopted different types of unconventional instruments. The transmission mechanism of unconventional monetary policy – as central bank decisions affect output and inflation – differs from the theoretical framework of conventional monetary policy. In my study, I present the unconventional instruments used by the central banks of developed countries – FED, ECB, BoE – in recent years, and their effects on the financial market and the real economy, using theoretical models and some empirical evidence. According to the main findings of the empirical studies, the unconventional policy of the central banks significantly reduced long-term yields, stabilized the financial market. In addition, asset purchase programs of leading central banks had a significant real economic impact

Study on the Capital of Domestic Health Funds in an Environment of Interest Rates Close to Zero

Along with demographic, social and technological changes, the burden on the public health care system will grow with the increase in public health expenditure from the central budget; meanwhile, private expenditures continue to snatch a larger piece. The system of health funds is of paramount importance for health care financing and long-term financial planning. However, in 2010, the reserves behind the membership and increasing contributions and thus the accumulated capital were exhausted. In our study, we will examine the factors influencing the capital reserves of health insurance funds with the help of a vector autoregression (VAR) model, focusing on three specifications: the internal processes, the capital market and the health care system. The sample covers the period between 1998 and 2018, with annual data related to all health funds. According to specific models, used memberships, bond markets' yields, and life-span expectancy have a positive impact on the accumulation of funds by health insurance funds; nevertheless, the information available on the Internet may depreciate enthusiasm towards investment