Coordinated Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) and Ground-Based Weather Measurements to Predict Lagrangian Coherent Structures (LCSs)

Concentrations of airborne chemical and biological agents from a hazardous release are not spread uniformly. Instead, there are regions of higher concentration, in part due to local atmospheric flow conditions which can attract agents. We equipped a ground station and two rotary-wing unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) with ultrasonic anemometers. Flights reported here were conducted 10 to 15 m above ground level (AGL) at the Leach Airfield in the San Luis Valley, Colorado as part of the Lower Atmospheric Process Studies at Elevation—a Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE) campaign in 2018. The ultrasonic anemometers were used to collect simultaneous measurements of wind speed, wind direction, and temperature in a fixed triangle pattern; each sensor was located at one apex of a triangle with ∼100 to 200 m on each side, depending on the experiment. A WRF-LES model was used to determine the wind field across the sampling domain. Data from the ground-based sensors and the two UASs were used to detect attracting regions (also known as Lagrangian Coherent Structures, or LCSs), which have the potential to transport high concentrations of agents. This unique framework for detection of high concentration regions is based on estimates of the horizontal wind gradient tensor. To our knowledge, our work represents the first direct measurement of an LCS indicator in the atmosphere using a team of sensors. Our ultimate goal is to use environmental data from swarms of sensors to drive transport models of hazardous agents that can lead to real-time proper decisions regarding rapid emergency responses. The integration of real-time data from unmanned assets, advanced mathematical techniques for transport analysis, and predictive models can help assist in emergency response decisions in the future

Data Generated during the 2018 LAPSE-RATE Campaign: An Introduction and Overview

Unmanned aircraft systems (UASs) offer innovative capabilities for providing new perspectives on the atmosphere, and therefore atmospheric scientists are rapidly expanding their use, particularly for studying the planetary boundary layer. In support of this expansion, from 14 to 20 July 2018 the International Society for Atmospheric Research using Remotely piloted Aircraft (ISARRA) hosted a community flight week, dubbed the Lower Atmospheric Profiling Studies at Elevation – a Remotely-piloted Aircraft Team Experiment (LAPSE-RATE; de Boer et al., 2020a). This field campaign spanned a 1-week deployment to Colorado\u27s San Luis Valley, involving over 100 students, scientists, engineers, pilots, and outreach coordinators. These groups conducted intensive field operations using unmanned aircraft and ground-based assets to develop comprehensive datasets spanning a variety of scientific objectives, including a total of nearly 1300 research flights totaling over 250 flight hours. This article introduces this campaign and lays the groundwork for a special issue on the LAPSE-RATE project. The remainder of the special issue provides detailed overviews of the datasets collected and the platforms used to collect them. All of the datasets covered by this special issue have been uploaded to a LAPSE-RATE community set up at the Zenodo data archive (https://zenodo.org/communities/lapse-rate/, last access: 3 December 2020)

Measurement of the cross-section and charge asymmetry of WW bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s=8\sqrt{s}=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

This paper presents measurements of the $W^+ \rightarrow \mu^+\nu$ and $W^- \rightarrow \mu^-\nu$ cross-sections and the associated charge asymmetry as a function of the absolute pseudorapidity of the decay muon. The data were collected in proton--proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC and correspond to a total integrated luminosity of 20.2~\mbox{fb^{-1}}. The precision of the cross-section measurements varies between 0.8% to 1.5% as a function of the pseudorapidity, excluding the 1.9% uncertainty on the integrated luminosity. The charge asymmetry is measured with an uncertainty between 0.002 and 0.003. The results are compared with predictions based on next-to-next-to-leading-order calculations with various parton distribution functions and have the sensitivity to discriminate between them.Comment: 38 pages in total, author list starting page 22, 5 figures, 4 tables, submitted to EPJC. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at https://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/STDM-2017-13

The Eleventh and Twelfth data releases of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: Final data from SDSS-III

The third generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-III) tookdata from 2008 to 2014 using the original SDSS wide-field imager, theoriginal and an upgraded multi-object fiber-fed optical spectrograph, anew near-infrared high-resolution spectrograph, and a novel opticalinterferometer. All of the data from SDSS-III are now made public. Inparticular, this paper describes Data Release 11 (DR11) including alldata acquired through 2013 July, and Data Release 12 (DR12) adding dataacquired through 2014 July (including all data included in previous datareleases), marking the end of SDSS-III observing. Relative to ourprevious public release (DR10), DR12 adds one million new spectra ofgalaxies and quasars from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey(BOSS) over an additional 3000 deg2 of sky, more than triplesthe number of H-band spectra of stars as part of the Apache PointObservatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE), and includesrepeated accurate radial velocity measurements of 5500 stars from theMulti-object APO Radial Velocity Exoplanet Large-area Survey (MARVELS).The APOGEE outputs now include the measured abundances of 15 differentelements for each star. In total, SDSS-III added 5200 deg2 ofugriz imaging; 155,520 spectra of 138,099 stars as part of the SloanExploration of Galactic Understanding and Evolution 2 (SEGUE-2) survey;2,497,484 BOSS spectra of 1,372,737 galaxies, 294,512 quasars, and247,216 stars over 9376 deg2; 618,080 APOGEE spectra of156,593 stars; and 197,040 MARVELS spectra of 5513 stars. Since itsfirst light in 1998, SDSS has imaged over 1/3 of the Celestial sphere infive bands and obtained over five million astronomical spectra.Fil: Alam, Shadab. University of Carnegie Mellon; Estados UnidosFil: Albareti, Franco D.. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid; EspañaFil: Prieto, Carlos Allende. Universidad de La Laguna; EspañaFil: Anders, F.. Leibniz Institute For Astrophysics Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Anderson, Scott F.. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Anderton, Timothy. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Andrews, Brett H.. Ohio State University; Estados Unidos. University of Pittsburgh; Estados UnidosFil: Armengaud, Eric. Service de Physique Des Particules; FranciaFil: Aubourg, Éric. Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7; FranciaFil: Bailey, Stephen. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Basu, Sarbani. University of Yale; Estados UnidosFil: Bautista, Julian E.. Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7; FranciaFil: Beaton, Rachael L.. University of Virginia; Estados UnidosFil: Beers, Timothy C.. University of Notre Dame; Estados UnidosFil: Bender, Chad F.. Pennsylvania State University; Estados UnidosFil: Berlind, Andreas A.. Vanderbilt University; Estados UnidosFil: Beutler, Florian. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Bhardwaj, Vaishali. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Estados UnidosFil: Bird, Jonathan C.. Vanderbilt University; Estados UnidosFil: Bizyaev, Dmitry. Apache Point Observatory; Estados UnidosFil: Blake, Cullen H.. University of Pennsylvania; Estados UnidosFil: Blanton, Michael R.. New York University; Estados UnidosFil: Blomqvist, Michael. University of California at Irvine; Estados UnidosFil: Bochanski, John J.. University of Washington; Estados UnidosFil: Bolton, Adam S.. University of Utah; Estados UnidosFil: Bovy, Jo. Institute For Advanced Studies; Estados UnidosFil: Shelden, Bradley, A.. Apache Point Observatory; Estados UnidosFil: Brandt, W. N.. Pennsylvania State University; Estados UnidosFil: Brauer, D. E.. Leibniz Institute For Astrophysics Potsdam; AlemaniaFil: Nuza, Sebastian Ernesto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio. - Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio; Argentina. Institut Max Planck Fuer Gesellschaft. Max Planck Institute For Extraterrestrial Physics; AlemaniaFil: Scoccola, Claudia Graciela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Astronómicas y Geofísicas; Argentin

Selective Breeding for a Behavioral Trait Changes Digit Ratio

The ratio of the length of the second digit (index finger) divided by the fourth digit (ring finger) tends to be lower in men than in women. This 2D∶4D digit ratio is often used as a proxy for prenatal androgen exposure in studies of human health and behavior. For example, 2D∶4D ratio is lower (i.e. more “masculinized”) in both men and women of greater physical fitness and/or sporting ability. Lab mice have also shown variation in 2D∶4D as a function of uterine environment, and mouse digit ratios seem also to correlate with behavioral traits, including daily activity levels. Selective breeding for increased rates of voluntary exercise (wheel running) in four lines of mice has caused correlated increases in aerobic exercise capacity, circulating corticosterone level, and predatory aggression. Here, we show that this selection regime has also increased 2D∶4D. This apparent “feminization” in mice is opposite to the relationship seen between 2D∶4D and physical fitness in human beings. The present results are difficult to reconcile with the notion that 2D∶4D is an effective proxy for prenatal androgen exposure; instead, it may more accurately reflect effects of glucocorticoids, or other factors that regulate any of many genes

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Expected Performance of the ATLAS Experiment - Detector, Trigger and Physics

A detailed study is presented of the expected performance of the ATLAS detector. The reconstruction of tracks, leptons, photons, missing energy and jets is investigated, together with the performance of b-tagging and the trigger. The physics potential for a variety of interesting physics processes, within the Standard Model and beyond, is examined. The study comprises a series of notes based on simulations of the detector and physics processes, with particular emphasis given to the data expected from the first years of operation of the LHC at CERN

Single hadron response measurement and calorimeter jet energy scale uncertainty with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

The uncertainty on the calorimeter energy response to jets of particles is derived for the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). First, the calorimeter response to single isolated charged hadrons is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo simulation using proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of sqrt(s) = 900 GeV and 7 TeV collected during 2009 and 2010. Then, using the decay of K_s and Lambda particles, the calorimeter response to specific types of particles (positively and negatively charged pions, protons, and anti-protons) is measured and compared to the Monte Carlo predictions. Finally, the jet energy scale uncertainty is determined by propagating the response uncertainty for single charged and neutral particles to jets. The response uncertainty is 2-5% for central isolated hadrons and 1-3% for the final calorimeter jet energy scale.Comment: 24 pages plus author list (36 pages total), 23 figures, 1 table, submitted to European Physical Journal

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011

Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson