Nonequilibrium phase transitions in models of adsorption and desorption

The nonequilibrium phase transition in a system of diffusing, coagulating particles in the presence of a steady input and evaporation of particles is studied. The system undergoes a transition from a phase in which the average number of particles is finite to one in which it grows linearly in time. The exponents characterizing the mass distribution near the critical point are calculated in all dimensions.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures (To appear in Phys. Rev. E

Scale-free network on a vertical plane

A scale-free network is grown in the Euclidean space with a global directional bias. On a vertical plane, nodes are introduced at unit rate at randomly selected points and a node is allowed to be connected only to the subset of nodes which are below it using the attachment probability: $\pi_i(t) \sim k_i(t)\ell^{\alpha}$. Our numerical results indicate that the directed scale-free network for $\alpha=0$ belongs to a different universality class compared to the isotropic scale-free network. For $\alpha < \alpha_c$ the degree distribution is stretched exponential in general which takes a pure exponential form in the limit of $\alpha \to -\infty$. The link length distribution is calculated analytically for all values of $\alpha$.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Application of Global Positioning System and questionnaires data for the study of driver behavior on two-lane rural roads

This paper is a preprint of a paper accepted by IET Intelligent Transport Systems and is subject to Institution of Engineering and Technology Copyright. When the final version is published, the copy of record will be available at IET Digital LibraryMethodologies based on naturalistic observation provide the most accurate data for studying drivers' behaviour. This study presents a new methodology to obtain naturalistic data related to drivers' behaviour in a road segment. It is based on the combination of using global positioning system data and drivers' questionnaires. The continuous speed profiles along a road segment and the characteristics of drivers, of their trips and the type of their vehicles can be obtained for a great amount of drivers. It has already been successfully used for several studies, such as the development of models to estimate operating speed profile in two-lane rural road segments; or the characterisation of driving styles. These operating speed models have been the key for the development of a new geometric design consistency model, allowing an easier road safety evaluation. Besides, knowledge on the human factors that influence speed choice may be useful for road safety media campaigns and education programs designers, and also for the improvement of intelligent driver assistance systems.The authors thank 'Centre for Studies and Experimentation of Public Works (CEDEX)' of the 'Spanish Ministry of Public Works' that partially subsidizes the research. We also wish to thank to the 'General Directorate of Public Works, Urban Projects and Housing' of the 'Infrastructure, Territory and Environment Department' of the 'Valencian Government', to the 'Valencian Provincial Council' and to the 'General Directorate of Traffic' of the 'Ministry of the Interior' for their cooperation in field data gathering.Pérez Zuriaga, AM.; Camacho Torregrosa, FJ.; Campoy Ungria, JM.; García García, A. (2013). Application of Global Positioning System and questionnaires data for the study of driver behavior on two-lane rural roads. IET Intelligent Transport Systems. 7(2):182-189. doi:10.1049/iet-its.2012.0151S18218972Fourie, M., Walton, D., & Thomas, J. A. (2011). Naturalistic observation of drivers’ hands, speed and headway. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 14(5), 413-421. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2011.04.009Gibreel, G. M., Easa, S. M., & El-Dimeery, I. A. (2001). Prediction of Operating Speed on Three-Dimensional Highway Alignments. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 127(1), 21-30. doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-947x(2001)127:1(21)Fitzpatrick, K., & Collins, J. M. (2000). Speed-Profile Model for Two-Lane Rural Highways. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1737(1), 42-49. doi:10.3141/1737-06Bella, F. (2008). Driving simulator for speed research on two-lane rural roads. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 40(3), 1078-1087. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2007.10.015Van Nes, N., Houtenbos, M., & Van Schagen, I. (2008). Improving speed behaviour: the potential of in-car speed assistance and speed limit credibility. IET Intelligent Transport Systems, 2(4), 323. doi:10.1049/iet-its:20080036Warner, H. W., & Åberg, L. (2006). Drivers’ decision to speed: A study inspired by the theory of planned behavior. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 9(6), 427-433. doi:10.1016/j.trf.2006.03.004Goldenbeld, C., & van Schagen, I. (2007). The credibility of speed limits on 80km/h rural roads: The effects of road and person(ality) characteristics. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 39(6), 1121-1130. doi:10.1016/j.aap.2007.02.012Zuriaga, A. M. P., García, A. G., Torregrosa, F. J. C., & D’Attoma, P. (2010). Modeling Operating Speed and Deceleration on Two-Lane Rural Roads with Global Positioning System Data. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 2171(1), 11-20. doi:10.3141/2171-02Ottesen, J. L., & Krammes, R. A. (2000). Speed-Profile Model for a Design-Consistency Evaluation Procedure in the United States. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, 1701(1), 76-85. doi:10.3141/1701-10Park, P. Y., Miranda-Moreno, L. F., & Saccomanno, F. F. (2010). Estimation of speed differentials on rural highways using hierarchical linear regression models. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 37(4), 624-637. doi:10.1139/l10-002Wasielewski, P. (1984). Speed as a measure of driver risk: Observed speeds versus driver and vehicle characteristics. Accident Analysis & Prevention, 16(2), 89-103. doi:10.1016/0001-4575(84)90034-4Williams, A. F., Kyrychenko, S. Y., & Retting, R. A. (2006). Characteristics of speeders. Journal of Safety Research, 37(3), 227-232. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2006.04.001Lajunen, T., Karola, J., & Summala, H. (1997). Speed and Acceleration as Measures of Driving Style in Young Male Drivers. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 85(1), 3-16. doi:10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.3Af Wåhlberg, A. E. (2006). Speed choice versus celeration behavior as traffic accident predictor. Journal of Safety Research, 37(1), 43-51. doi:10.1016/j.jsr.2005.10.01

A comparative study of the electrochemical properties of vitamin B-6 related compounds at physiological pH

A comparative study of vitamin B6 group and related compounds in buffered solutions using electrochemical techniques has been performed at neutral pH. Irreversible bi- or tetra-electronic processes are observed for these substances, and the electron transfer coefficient (αn) calculated. It was concluded that either the first or second electron transfer were the rate determining step of the electrode process. The diffusion coefficient of these substances was calculated and the values given follow an inverse tendency to the molecular size. For aldehydes the values obtained were corrected of the hydration reaction. It is important to remark that catalytic waves were reported for the first time for these compounds. Using a model involving the nitrogen of the basic structure the kinetic constants were calculated for most of them

Phenomenology of the Lense-Thirring effect in the Solar System

Recent years have seen increasing efforts to directly measure some aspects of the general relativistic gravitomagnetic interaction in several astronomical scenarios in the solar system. After briefly overviewing the concept of gravitomagnetism from a theoretical point of view, we review the performed or proposed attempts to detect the Lense-Thirring effect affecting the orbital motions of natural and artificial bodies in the gravitational fields of the Sun, Earth, Mars and Jupiter. In particular, we will focus on the evaluation of the impact of several sources of systematic uncertainties of dynamical origin to realistically elucidate the present and future perspectives in directly measuring such an elusive relativistic effect.Comment: LaTex, 51 pages, 14 figures, 22 tables. Invited review, to appear in Astrophysics and Space Science (ApSS). Some uncited references in the text now correctly quoted. One reference added. A footnote adde

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02

Global data on earthworm abundance, biomass, diversity and corresponding environmental properties

14 p.Earthworms are an important soil taxon as ecosystem engineers, providing a variety of crucial ecosystem functions and services. Little is known about their diversity and distribution at large spatial scales, despite the availability of considerable amounts of local-scale data. Earthworm diversity data, obtained from the primary literature or provided directly by authors, were collated with information on site locations, including coordinates, habitat cover, and soil properties. Datasets were required, at a minimum, to include abundance or biomass of earthworms at a site. Where possible, site-level species lists were included, as well as the abundance and biomass of individual species and ecological groups. This global dataset contains 10,840 sites, with 184 species, from 60 countries and all continents except Antarctica. The data were obtained from 182 published articles, published between 1973 and 2017, and 17 unpublished datasets. Amalgamating data into a single global database will assist researchers in investigating and answering a wide variety of pressing questions, for example, jointly assessing aboveground and belowground biodiversity distributions and drivers of biodiversity change

Measurement of the cross section for isolated-photon plus jet production in pp collisions at √s=13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

The dynamics of isolated-photon production in association with a jet in proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV are studied with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using a dataset with an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1. Photons are required to have transverse energies above 125 GeV. Jets are identified using the anti- algorithm with radius parameter and required to have transverse momenta above 100 GeV. Measurements of isolated-photon plus jet cross sections are presented as functions of the leading-photon transverse energy, the leading-jet transverse momentum, the azimuthal angular separation between the photon and the jet, the photon–jet invariant mass and the scattering angle in the photon–jet centre-of-mass system. Tree-level plus parton-shower predictions from Sherpa and Pythia as well as next-to-leading-order QCD predictions from Jetphox and Sherpa are compared to the measurements