466 research outputs found
Zinc Deficiency in Fetal Development: A Systematic Review
VisĂŁo geral e objetivos: O zinco Ă© um micronutriente essencial para muitos processos no organismo. A deficiĂȘncia de zinco (DZn) Ă© uma condição prevalente e a DZn materna, antes e durante a gravidez, interfere com o crescimento e desenvolvimento fetal, estando intimamente relacionada com malformaçÔes congĂ©nitas. O nosso objetivo Ă© avaliar o efeito da DZn materna durante a gravidez no desenvolvimento fetal.
Desenho de estudo, População e MĂ©todos: RealizĂĄmos uma revisĂŁo sistemĂĄtica dos dados que associam a DZn materna e malformaçÔes fetais com pesquisas nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science e Scopus. Um total de 10 estudos foi incluĂdo nesta anĂĄlise, sendo oito estudos animais e dois estudos realizados em humanos.
Resultados: Todos os estudos reportaram uma associação entre a DnZ materna, embriĂ”es deformados e atraso no crescimento embrionĂĄrio, mas apenas um forneceu o valor dos nĂveis sĂ©ricos normais de zinco. Em condiçÔes deficitĂĄrias, quatro estudos encontraram fetos de reduzidas dimensĂ”es, sacos vitelinos com circulaçÔes pobres, anomalias placentĂĄrias e problemas na rotação dos embriĂ”es. Cinco estudos reportaram malformaçÔes esquelĂ©ticas, cardĂacas e defeitos do tubo neural. Um estudo demonstrou relação entre ciclos de alimentação dos animais sob dietas pobres em zinco e a incidĂȘncia de anomalias congĂ©nitas. AlĂ©m disso, um outro estudo revelou um aumento de microvilosidades na superfĂcie de cĂ©lulas de embriĂ”es deficientes em zinco, bem como a presença de protuberĂąncias nas membranas plasmĂĄticas.
ConclusĂ”es: A prevalĂȘncia da DZn varia muito na literatura devido Ă ausĂȘncia de um valor padronizado e Ă s diferenças existentes entre paĂses. A DZn materna influencia gravemente o desenvolvimento embrionĂĄrio. No entanto, uma investigação mais aprofundada sobre o impacto da DZn em humanos seria benĂ©fica para confirmar e compreender melhor estes resultados.Overview and Aims: Zinc is an essential micronutrient for many processes in human body. Zinc Deficiency (ZnD) is a prevalent condition and maternal ZnD before and during pregnancy interferes with fetal growth and development. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of maternal ZnD during pregnancy on the development of the fetus.
Study Design, Population and Methods: A systematic review of the published data on the association of maternal ZnD and fetal malformations was carried out by searching on PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. A total of 10 studies were included in this review, eight been animal studies and two human studies.
Results: All the studies reported the association between maternal ZnD and deformed embryos and embryonic growth retardation, but only one provided the cut-off value of normal serum zinc levels. Under ZnD conditions, four studies found smaller fetuses, poor yolk sac circulations, placental abnormalities, and problems in the rotation of the embryos. Five studies reported skeletal, heart and neural tube defects. One study shows the relation between feeding cycles of animals under ZnD diets and the incidence of congenital anomalies. Also, one study reported an increased surface microvilli in ZnD embryos cells, as well as the presence of blebbing.
Conclusions: Prevalence of ZnD varies greatly in the literature due to the absence of standardized ZnD value and to differences existing between countries around the world. Maternal ZnD severely influences the embryofetal development. Nonetheless, further investigation regarding the impact of ZnD in humans would be beneficial to confirm and better comprehend these results
Uma abordagem acerca da Influenza A-H1N1 e a pandemia de Covid-19 no contexto brasileiro: uma revisĂŁo integrativa / An approach to Influenza A-H1N1 in the Brazilian context: an integrative review
O presente estudo tem como objetivo relatar os aspectos da influenza A-H1N1, dentre eles a caracterização viral, diagnĂłstico e prevenção. Ademais, objetivou-se na abordagem o papel dos suĂnos na transmissĂŁo interespĂ©cie e a epidemiologia da doença no Brasil, bem como as semelhanças da doença com a COVID-19, que apresentam um desafio para a saĂșde pĂșblica do paĂs. Trata-se de uma revisĂŁo integrativa da literatura realizada atravĂ©s da Biblioteca Virtual em SaĂșde (BVS), com o auxĂlio das bases de dados Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em CiĂȘncias (LILACS), Scientific Library Eletronic Library Online (SciELO) e Base de Dados de Enfermagem (BDENF), sendo utilizados os descritores: Brasil; COVID-19; Epidemiologia; Patologia e VĂrus da influenza A subtipo H1N1, localizados no DeCS. Tais descritores foram cruzados utilizando o operador booleano AND. Foram identificados inicialmente 736 estudos nas bases elencas e, apĂłs aplicação dos critĂ©rios de inclusĂŁo e exclusĂŁo, apenas 06 estudos foram selecionados para composição e anĂĄlise do estudo. Os estudos apontam a sintomatologia ocasionada pelos vĂrus da Influenza A-H1N1 e COVID-19Ă© semelhante, assim como a forma de transmissĂŁo e o agravamento ocasionado pela presença eventual de doenças prĂ©vias. A diferenciação se encontra no perĂodo de incubação, sendo de 3 a 7 dias no caso da influenza e de 2 a 14 dias na COVID-19. Conclui-se que no contexto pandĂȘmico atual envolvendo o vĂrus SARS-CoV-2 exige um maior monitoramento, uma vez que as enfermidades possuem semelhanças que podem levar a confusĂŁo e dificultar o atendimento
Impacto clĂnico, terapĂȘutico e social do canabidiol na epilepsia recorrente / Clinical, therapeutic and social impact of cannabidiol on recurrent epilepsy
Introdução: Estima-se que mais de 50 milhĂ”es de pessoas no mundo tenham diagnĂłstico de epilepsia, no entanto, um terço dessas pessoas nĂŁo possuem a patologia controlada, apresentando quadros de convulsĂŁo e epilepsia recorrente. Desta forma, buscar novas terapĂȘuticas antiepilĂ©pticas sĂŁo necessĂĄrias, a atividade antiepilĂ©ptica dos canabinĂłides tĂȘm-se mostrado com grande poder terapĂȘutico. Objetivo: Responder quais os impactos clĂnicos, terapĂȘuticos e sociais do uso do canabidiol (CBD) em pacientes com epilepsia recorrente. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisĂŁo bibliogrĂĄfica no mĂ©todo de revisĂŁo de integrativa de literatura, realizado entre os meses de abril e maio de 2021, nas bases de dados da MEDLINE/Pubmed e LILACS, por meio dos descritores e operador booleano âCanabidiolâ AND âEpilepsiaâ. Localizando-se artigos publicados entre os anos de 2016 e maio de 2021. Resultados e discussĂ”es: O mecanismo de ação ainda nĂŁo Ă© bem esclarecido, mas Ă© reconhecido sua atuação sobre as manifestaçÔes psiquiĂĄtricas e neurolĂłgicas nas fendas prĂ©-sinĂĄpticas. A terapia associada entre CBD e as terapias convencionais para epilepsia apresentaram melhora significativa nos sintomas epilĂ©pticos, havendo relatos de melhora completa dos sintomas em atĂ© 87,5% dos pacientes. No entanto, cerca de 10% dos pacientes queixam-se de efeitos indesejĂĄveis e desagradĂĄveis como aumento da ansiedade, angĂșstia, medo, tremor e sudorese excessiva durante o tratamento, dado que seu efeito Ă© dose dependente, necessitando de atenção do prescritor para os efeitos indesejados. O impacto social Ă© relatado pelos pacientes como melhora na qualidade de vida e laboral, dada a diminuição da frequĂȘncia de eventos convulsivos. ConclusĂŁo: A terapĂȘutica associada do CBD com a terapia convencional na epilepsia recorrente mostra-se com grandes impactos clĂnicos e sociais para os pacientes acometidos. No entanto, requer atenção dos prescritores para manifestaçÔes clĂnicas de efeitos colaterais para readequação terapĂȘutica e seguimento. Diante disto, a importĂąncia de novos estudos terapĂȘuticos com o CBD Ă© estabelecida pela necessidade de compreender mecanismos de ação e atuação em demais ĂĄreas complexas cerebrais que a epilepsia atua para ajudar no tratamento de diversas manifestaçÔes desta patologia neurolĂłgica
A global experiment on motivating social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic
Finding communication strategies that effectively motivate social distancing continues to be a global public health priority during the COVID-19 pandemic. This cross-country, preregistered experiment (n = 25,718 from 89 countries) tested hypotheses concerning generalizable positive and negative outcomes of social distancing messages that promoted personal agency and reflective choices (i.e., an autonomy-supportive message) or were restrictive and shaming (i.e., a controlling message) compared with no message at all. Results partially supported experimental hypotheses in that the controlling message increased controlled motivation (a poorly internalized form of motivation relying on shame, guilt, and fear of social consequences) relative to no message. On the other hand, the autonomy-supportive message lowered feelings of defiance compared with the controlling message, but the controlling message did not differ from receiving no message at all. Unexpectedly, messages did not influence autonomous motivation (a highly internalized form of motivation relying on oneâs core values) or behavioral intentions. Results supported hypothesized associations between peopleâs existing autonomous and controlled motivations and self-reported behavioral intentions to engage in social distancing. Controlled motivation was associated with more defiance and less long-term behavioral intention to engage in social distancing, whereas autonomous motivation was associated with less defiance and more short- and long-term intentions to social distance. Overall, this work highlights the potential harm of using shaming and pressuring language in public health communication, with implications for the current and future global health challenges
Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world
Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality.
Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States.
Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis.
Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection
Study of the decay
The decay is studied
in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of TeV
using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5
collected by the LHCb experiment. In the system, the
state observed at the BaBar and Belle experiments is
resolved into two narrower states, and ,
whose masses and widths are measured to be where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second
systematic. The results are consistent with a previous LHCb measurement using a
prompt sample. Evidence of a new
state is found with a local significance of , whose mass and width
are measured to be and , respectively. In addition, evidence of a new decay mode
is found with a significance of
. The relative branching fraction of with respect to the
decay is measured to be , where the first
uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third originates from
the branching fractions of charm hadron decays.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-028.html (LHCb
public pages
Measurement of the ratios of branching fractions and
The ratios of branching fractions
and are measured, assuming isospin symmetry, using a
sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0 fb of
integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The
tau lepton is identified in the decay mode
. The measured values are
and
, where the first uncertainty is
statistical and the second is systematic. The correlation between these
measurements is . Results are consistent with the current average
of these quantities and are at a combined 1.9 standard deviations from the
predictions based on lepton flavor universality in the Standard Model.Comment: All figures and tables, along with any supplementary material and
additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-039.html (LHCb
public pages
Multidifferential study of identified charged hadron distributions in -tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV
Jet fragmentation functions are measured for the first time in proton-proton
collisions for charged pions, kaons, and protons within jets recoiling against
a boson. The charged-hadron distributions are studied longitudinally and
transversely to the jet direction for jets with transverse momentum 20 GeV and in the pseudorapidity range . The
data sample was collected with the LHCb experiment at a center-of-mass energy
of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.64 fb. Triple
differential distributions as a function of the hadron longitudinal momentum
fraction, hadron transverse momentum, and jet transverse momentum are also
measured for the first time. This helps constrain transverse-momentum-dependent
fragmentation functions. Differences in the shapes and magnitudes of the
measured distributions for the different hadron species provide insights into
the hadronization process for jets predominantly initiated by light quarks.Comment: All figures and tables, along with machine-readable versions and any
supplementary material and additional information, are available at
https://cern.ch/lhcbproject/Publications/p/LHCb-PAPER-2022-013.html (LHCb
public pages
A multi-country test of brief reappraisal interventions on emotions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has increased negative emotions and decreased positive emotions globally. Left unchecked, these emotional changes might have a wide array of adverse impacts. To reduce negative emotions and increase positive emotions, we tested the effectiveness of reappraisal, an emotion-regulation strategy that modifies how one thinks about a situation. Participants from 87 countries and regions (nâ=â21,644) were randomly assigned to one of two brief reappraisal interventions (reconstrual or repurposing) or one of two control conditions (active or passive). Results revealed that both reappraisal interventions (vesus both control conditions) consistently reduced negative emotions and increased positive emotions across different measures. Reconstrual and repurposing interventions had similar effects. Importantly, planned exploratory analyses indicated that reappraisal interventions did not reduce intentions to practice preventive health behaviours. The findings demonstrate the viability of creating scalable, low-cost interventions for use around the world
COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study
Background:
The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms.
Methods:
International, prospective observational study of 60â109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms.
Results:
âTypicalâ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (â€â18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (â„â70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each Pâ<â0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country.
Interpretation:
This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men
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