Contributo da criptoméria para sequestro de carbono nos Açores

Mestrado em Engenharia do AmbienteA presente dissertação pretende avaliar a contribuição da espécie exótica Cryptomeria japonica para o sequestro de carbono da floresta açoriana. Na primeira parte da tese é desenvolvida uma metodologia laboratorial para aferição da percentagem de carbono presente na matéria seca desta espécie. Foram obtidos valores médios de carbono de 52,04% para a copa, 50,56% para o fuste e 49,82% para a raiz. Na segunda parte da tese são determinados os valores dos stocks de carbono e é avaliada a capacidade de sequestro da Cryptomeria japonica através dos dados do Inventário Florestal dos Açores de 2007 disponibilizados pelos serviços florestais da ilha Terceira. Verificou-se ser o fuste a componente que contabiliza um maior armazenamento de carbono, seguido da copa e da raiz, com valores médios de stock iguais a 150,2;56,4 e 51,9 t C ha-1 respetivamente. Os valores de stock foram também estimados tendo em conta a real área de ocupação da espécie pelas diferentes ilhas analisadas. A contabilização dos stocks totais presentes na floresta de Cryptomeria foi estimada em 2816 ± 1594Gg de C, representando cerca de 2% dos stocks da floresta portuguesa. O valor médio de sequestro obtido nas parcelas de inventário de 8,36 t C ha-1ano-1 em PPL, correspondente a uma remoção de CO2 de 30 t ha-1ano-1. Verificou-se também que o sequestro de carbono aumenta com o aumento dos parâmetros altura total (Ht), diâmetro quadrático médio (dg) e Idade (I) durante os primeiros estágios de desenvolvimento da planta.This dissertation aims to assess the contribution of the various constituents of the exotic Cryptomeria japonica for forest carbon sequestration in Azores Islands. In the first part of the thesis is developed a laboratory method to measure the percentage of carbon present in the dry matter of this kind. Were obtained average carbon values of 52.04% for the canopy, and 50.56% to 49.82% for stem and root respectively. In the second part of the thesis are given the values of carbon stocks and evaluated the ability of carbon sequestration from Cryptomeria japonica through 2007 forest inventory data provided by the forest services of Azores. It was proved to be the stem, the component that contains more carbon per plot (150,2 t C ha-1) followed by the canopy (56,4 t C ha-1) and root (51,9 t C ha-1). The total stock values have also been estimated taking into account the actual area of the specie’s occupation on each island. The total stock present in the forest of Cryptomeria japonica was estimated in 2816 ± 1594 Gg, a value that represents approximately 2% of the Portuguese forest stock. The average value of the rate of carbon sequestration of this specie equals 8,36 t C ha-1year-1 expressed in NPP, corresponding to a CO2 fixation of 30 t ha-1year-1 .It was also found that carbon sequestration increases with the increase of the parameters total height (ht), mean square diameter (dg) and age (I) during the early stages of plant development

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JRC-Ispra Atmosphere-Biosphere-Climate Integrated monitoring Station 2012 report

The Institute for Environment and Sustainability provide long-term observations of the atmosphere within international programs and research projects. These observations are performed from the research infrastructure named ABC-IS: Atmosphere – Biosphere – Climate Integrated monitoring station. Most measurements are performed at the JRC-Ispra site. Observations are also carried out from two other platforms: the forest station in San Rossore, and a ship cruising in the Western Mediterranean sea. This document reports about measurement programs, the equipment which is deployed, the data quality assessment, and the results obtained for each site. Our observations are presented, compared to each other, as well as to historical data obtained over more than 25 years at the Ispra siteJRC.H.2-Air and Climat

Associação entre gestação e síndrome metabólica: Repercussões materno fetais e desafios diagnósticos / Association between pregnancy and metabolic syndrome: Maternal-fetal impacts and diagnostic challenges

Introdução: A síndrome metabólica (SM) é um grupo de fatores de risco que aumentam as chances de desenvolver doenças que aumentam a mortalidade. Quando associadas a gestação, período de maior demanda metabólica, podem gerar prejuízos tanto maternos, como maior risco cardiovascular, quanto fetais como malformações, obesidade e distúrbios respiratórios. Diante disso, é essencial reconhecer os critérios diagnósticos da coexistência entre esses dois fatores.  Justificativa: Conhecer os aspectos envolvidos nos desfechos negativos da relação entre a SM e o período gravídico, bem como os desafios diagnósticos no reconhecimento desses dois elementos em coexistência. Metodologia: Consiste-se em um estudo integrativo revisional de literatura, utilizando as bases Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), EbscoHost, National Library of Medicine (PubMed MEDLINE) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SCIELO).  Resultado: Os desfechos negativos da gestação de mães que apresentam os fatores de risco contidos na SM são bem descritos na literatura, bem como seus mecanismos, embora haja necessidade de maiores estudos voltados para diagnóstico precoce e sensível da SM durante o período gestacional. Conclusão: A SM além de representar um maior risco de complicações cardiovasculares e diabetes, quando presente durante o período gravídico, está associada a maiores chances de complicações obstétricas e neonatais, fazendo-se necessário a identificação desse transtorno o mais precocemente possível para a garantia de maiores chances de um bom desfecho para a mãe e concepto.

JRC – Ispra Atmosphere – Biosphere – Climate Integrated monitoring Station : 2011 report

The Institute for Environment and Sustainability provide long-term observations of the atmosphere within international programs and research projects. These observations are performed from the research infrastructure named ABC-IS: Atmosphere-Biosphere-Climate Integrated monitoring station. Most measurements are performed at the JRC-Ispra site. Observations are also carried out from two other platforms: the forest station in San Rossore, and a ship cruising in the Western Mediterranean sea. This document reports about measurement programs, the equipment which is deployed, and the data quality assessment for each site. Our observations are presented, compared to each other, as well as to historical data obtained over the past 25 years at the Ispra site.JRC.H.2-Air and Climat

Measurement of χ c1 and χ c2 production with s√ = 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

The prompt and non-prompt production cross-sections for the χ c1 and χ c2 charmonium states are measured in pp collisions at s√ = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC using 4.5 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. The χ c states are reconstructed through the radiative decay χ c → J/ψγ (with J/ψ → μ + μ −) where photons are reconstructed from γ → e + e − conversions. The production rate of the χ c2 state relative to the χ c1 state is measured for prompt and non-prompt χ c as a function of J/ψ transverse momentum. The prompt χ c cross-sections are combined with existing measurements of prompt J/ψ production to derive the fraction of prompt J/ψ produced in feed-down from χ c decays. The fractions of χ c1 and χ c2 produced in b-hadron decays are also measured

Jet energy measurement and its systematic uncertainty in proton–proton collisions at √s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The jet energy scale (JES) and its systematic uncertainty are determined for jets measured with the ATLAS detector using proton–proton collision data with a centre-of-mass energy of √s=7 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb −1. Jets are reconstructed from energy deposits forming topological clusters of calorimeter cells using the anti-kt algorithm with distance parameters R=0.4 or R=0.6, and are calibrated using MC simulations. A residual JES correction is applied to account for differences between data and MC simulations. This correction and its systematic uncertainty are estimated using a combination of in situ techniques exploiting the transverse momentum balance between a jet and a reference object such as a photon or a Z boson, for 20≤pTjet1 TeV. The calibration of forward jets is derived from dijet pT balance measurements. The resulting uncertainty reaches its largest value of 6 % for low-pT jets at |η|=4.5. Additional JES uncertainties due to specific event topologies, such as close-by jets or selections of event samples with an enhanced content of jets originating from light quarks or gluons, are also discussed. The magnitude of these uncertainties depends on the event sample used in a given physics analysis, but typically amounts to 0.5–3 %