Problema de localização de centrais telefonicas urbanas : uma nova abordagem

Orientadores: Paulo Morelato França, Hermano Medeiros Ferreira TavaresDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matematica, Estatistica e Computação CientíficaResumo: Não informado.Abstract: Not informed.MestradoMestre em Matemática Aplicad

Uma história que se conta: o papel dos africanos e seus descendentes na formação do Rio Grande do Sul

What is the place of Africans and their descendants in the history of the formation of Rio Grande do Sul? This question orients reflection in the article, which investigates the constitution of “scientific” history in the Instituto Histórico e Geográfico da Província de São Pedro (History and Geographic Institute). This institute was important in allowing the expression of an educated elite, which preoccupied with the formation of a regional identity wrote a version of history that depicted slavery as benevolent and, at the same time, minimized the African contribution to the social formation of the region. Key words: Rio Grande do Sul, history constitution, black people, History and Geographic Institute, discourse.Qual o lugar dos africanos e seus descendentes na história da formação do Rio Grande do Sul? Esta pergunta orienta as reflexões sugeridas pelo artigo ao investigar a constituição de uma história “científica” no interior do Instituto Histórico e Geográfico da Província de São Pedro. Veículo importante de expressão de uma elite letrada que, preocupada com a construção de uma identidade regional, escreverá uma história que atribui um caráter benevolente à escravidão ao mesmo tempo em que minimiza a contribuição africana em sua formação social. Palavras-chave: Rio Grande do Sul, formação histórica, negros, Instituto Histórico e Geográfico, discurso

“Interações sociais no Facebook: um estudo sobre a construção dos processos de capital social”.

Este estudo teve por objetivo geral analisar a formação de capital social do tipo bridging, dentro e fora da rede Facebook. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, do tipo quantitativa e de caráter exploratório. Participaram do estudo 220 estudantes de um centro universitário do Distrito Federal. Foi usada uma versão traduzida dos questionários “General Bridging Social Capital” e “Facebook Bridging Social Capital”. A análise dos dados foi feita com o Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), tendo sido realizadas análises descritivas e fatoriais. Os resultados obtidos com a tradução e validação dos questionários para a versão em Português, primeiro objetivo específico da pesquisa, mostraram-se bastante semelhantes aos resultados encontrados na versão original, sinalizando que o instrumento parece adequado para se investigar as relações que ocorrem na formação de capital social do tipo bridging dentro e fora do Facebook. O resultado encontrado nas comparações, segundo objetivo específico da pesquisa, evidenciou que na amostra empregada a criação do capital social do tipo bridging não é fortemente afetada pela utilização da rede Facebook, uma vez que não houve diferenças significativas quando comparando a criação desse tipo de capital social dentro e fora do Facebook

Traumatismo crânio encefálico e suas implicações cognitivas e na qualidade de vida

O traumatismo cranioencefálico é uma das principais causas de mortalidade em crianças e adultos jovens. Os pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico moderado ou grave podem apresentar sequelas motoras, cognitivas, emocionais, comportamentais e de funcionalidade social, provocando impacto negativo para o próprio indivíduo, sua família e também para a sociedade. Objetivo: Verificar o impacto que o traumatismo cranioencefálico grave ocasionou na vida de pacientes que apresentaram a lesão durante a infância e adolescência, considerando-se questões cognitivas, emocionais e de qualidade de vida, bem como verificar se existem diferenças com relação à idade na época da lesão. Método: Estudo quantitativo, qualitativo de abordagem transversal. Realizado no Centro de Reabilitação da Associação de Assistência à Criança Deficiente (AACD), unidade Ibirapuera. Participaram do estudo, 13 pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico grave, procedentes do estado de São Paulo, atendidos entre janeiro de 2010 e março de 2014. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: questionário sociodemográfico, Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), Escala Geral das Matrizes Progressivas de Raven e as Pirâmides Coloridas de Pfister. Os dados obtidos na avaliação foram avaliados na amostra geral e posteriormente divididos em dois grupos com base na idade no ato da lesão, considerando grupo 1 (3 a 7 anos e 11 meses) e grupo 2 (8 à 16 anos e 11 meses). Resultados: Com relação ao Raven, 76,9% dos participantes apresentaram indício de deficiência mental. Todos os participantes obtiveram boa avaliação da qualidade de vida. Sobre os aspectos afetivos-emocionais observou-se boa capacidade de adaptação e interação. Na comparação entre os grupos, não se evidenciaram diferenças. Conclusão: Os resultados obtidos foram compatíveis com estudos que indicam comprometimento cognitivo e boa percepção da qualidade de vidaTraumatic brain injury is one of the main causes of mortality in children or young adults. Patients with moderate or severe TBI can present motor, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and social functionality sequelae, causing an adverse impact on the individual, his family, and on society. Objective: To investigate the impact that severe traumatic brain injury caused to the life of patients who suffered the injury during childhood and youth, considering cognitive, emotional, and quality of life questions, as well as, to verify whether there are differences with respect to age at the time of injury. Method: A quantitative, qualitative, cross-sectional study carried out at the Ibirapuera unit of the Rehabilitation Center of the Association for Assistance to Disabled Children (AACD). Thirteen patients with severe traumatic brain injury from São Paulo state, participated in the study between January of 2010 and March of 2014. The instruments utilized were: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Raven’s Progressive Matrices, and the Pfister Colored Pyramid Test. The data collected were evaluated in the overall sample and then divided into two groups based on their age at the time of injury, with group 1 (3 to 7 years and eleven months old) and group 2 (8 to 16 years and eleven months old). Results: On the Raven’s test, 76.9% of the participants showed signs of mental impairment. All participants had a good quality of life assessment. In the emotional aspects, there was good adaptability and interaction. Upon comparison, there was no difference between groups. Conclusion: The results were consistent with studies that indicate cognitive impairment and good perception of quality of lif

Risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection among front-line healthcare workers in Northeast Brazil : a respondent-driven sampling approach

Objectives We assessed the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, personal protective equipment (PPE) shortages and occurrence of biological accidents among front-line healthcare workers (HCW). Design, setting and participants Using respondent-driven sampling, the study recruited distinct categories of HCW attending suspected or confirmed patients with COVID-19 from May 2020 to February 2021, in the Recife metropolitan area, Northeast Brazil. Outcome measures The criterion to assess SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCW was a positive self-reported PCR test. Results We analysed 1525 HCW: 527 physicians, 471 registered nurses, 263 nursing assistants and 264 physical therapists. Women predominated in all categories (81.1%; 95% CI: 77.8% to 84.1%). Nurses were older with more comorbidities (hypertension and overweight/obesity) than the other staff. The overall prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was 61.8% (95% CI: 55.7% to 67.5%) after adjustment for the cluster random effect, weighted by network, and the reference population size. Risk factors for a positive RT-PCR test were being a nursing assistant (OR adjusted: 2.56; 95% CI: 1.42 to 4.61), not always using all recommended PPE while assisting patients with COVID-19 (OR adj: 2.15; 95% CI: 1.02 to 4.53) and reporting a splash of biological fluid/respiratory secretion in the eyes (OR adj: 3.37; 95% CI: 1.10 to 10.34). Conclusions This study shows the high frequency of SARS-CoV2 infection among HCW presumably due to workplace exposures. In our setting, nursing assistant comprised the most vulnerable category. Our findings highlight the need for improving healthcare facility environments, specific training and supervision to cope with public health emergencies

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity

Measurement of the W gamma Production Cross Section in Proton-Proton Collisions at root s=13 TeV and Constraints on Effective Field Theory Coefficients

A fiducial cross section for W gamma production in proton-proton collisions is measured at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV in 137 fb(-1) of data collected using the CMS detector at the LHC. The W -> e nu and mu nu decay modes are used in a maximum-likelihood fit to the lepton-photon invariant mass distribution to extract the combined cross section. The measured cross section is compared with theoretical expectations at next-to-leading order in quantum chromodynamics. In addition, 95% confidence level intervals are reported for anomalous triple-gauge couplings within the framework of effective field theory.Peer reviewe

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Performance of the CMS muon trigger system in proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV

The muon trigger system of the CMS experiment uses a combination of hardware and software to identify events containing a muon. During Run 2 (covering 2015-2018) the LHC achieved instantaneous luminosities as high as 2 × 10 cm s while delivering proton-proton collisions at √s = 13 TeV. The challenge for the trigger system of the CMS experiment is to reduce the registered event rate from about 40 MHz to about 1 kHz. Significant improvements important for the success of the CMS physics program have been made to the muon trigger system via improved muon reconstruction and identification algorithms since the end of Run 1 and throughout the Run 2 data-taking period. The new algorithms maintain the acceptance of the muon triggers at the same or even lower rate throughout the data-taking period despite the increasing number of additional proton-proton interactions in each LHC bunch crossing. In this paper, the algorithms used in 2015 and 2016 and their improvements throughout 2017 and 2018 are described. Measurements of the CMS muon trigger performance for this data-taking period are presented, including efficiencies, transverse momentum resolution, trigger rates, and the purity of the selected muon sample. This paper focuses on the single- and double-muon triggers with the lowest sustainable transverse momentum thresholds used by CMS. The efficiency is measured in a transverse momentum range from 8 to several hundred GeV