The statistical analysis of seasonal and time variations on trend of important air pollutants (SO2, O3, NOx, CO, PM10)-in western Iran: A case study

Western Iran, for example, Kermanshah, is one of the industrial cities of Iran that due to industrial development and transport development and located in the west side of country, the levels of its air pollutants have a lot of fluctuations. So the aim of this study is to determine the trend of variations in Kermanshah air pollutants (sulfur dioxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and particulates).This is a descriptive - analytical study, so that the data of various air pollutants in Kermanshah city during the period of 5 years (2006-2011) obtained from the Environmental Protection Agency of Kermanshah, then data analysis was attempted using SPSS and Excel software. Results showed that the highest average concentrations of pollutants based on years, season and months were 2010, summer and July for O3, 2005, autumn and December for NO, 2008, spring and April for NO2, 2008, summer and July for PM10, 2008, summer and September for SO2 and 2005, Autumn and June for CO. Increasing the some pollutants such as O3, NO and NO2 from 2006 years onwards is related to increasing the vehicle and industries. Therefore, it is essential to understand the causes of increasing and reducing the emissions is needed to Public education to deal, harm reduction and management measures

Effect of methoxatin loaded chitosan conduit on deep digital flexor tendon healing in rabbits: An animal model study

Chitosan is of great interest in regenerative medicine because of its plentiful properties, like biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. The objective of the present study was histopathological and biomechanical survey on effect of methoxatin loaded chitosan conduit on Deep Digital Flexor Tendon (DDFT) healing in rabbit models. Eighteen healthy male white New Zealand rabbits were randomized into three groups of six animals each. In CONTROL group the DDF tenotomy was performed and the sumps were sutured. In CTN (chitosan) group the DDF tenotomy was performed and the sumps were sutured and CTN conduit was wrapped around the damaged area. In CTN/METHO (chitosan/methoxatin) group the procedure was the same as CTN group as well as local administration of 100 µL methoxatin (100 µg/Rabbit) into the CTN conduit. The histopathological assessments including inflammation, angiogenesis and collagen fibers arrangement, and biomechanical assessments were performed after 8 weeks. Histopathological observations showed that the conduit was absorbed and adhesion around the tendon was deceased in CTN and CTN/METHO groups. There were no noticeable signs of infection and tissue reaction in the granulation tissue in CTN/METHO group compared to other groups (P&lt;0.05). Local administration of methoxatin in combination with chitosan conduit could accelerate deep digital flexor tendon healing via decrease in adhesion around the tendon with no signs of excessive tissue reaction or infection in rabbits.</p

Natural products as mediators of disease

Humans are walking microbial ecosystems, each harboring a complex microbiome with the genetic potential to produce a vast array of natural products. Recent sequencing data suggest that our microbial inhabitants are critical for maintaining overall health. Shifts in microbial communities have been correlated to a number of diseases including infections, inflammation, cancer, and neurological disorders. Some of these clinically and diagnostically relevant phenotypes are a result of the presence of small molecules, yet we know remarkably little about their contributions to the health of individuals. Here, we review microbe-derived natural products as mediators of human disease