Repercussions of the use of probiotics in the treatment of chronic kidney disease

The dysbiotic microbiota is one of the clinical findings in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD), and this intestinal imbalance is associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. With this, probiotic supplementation presents itself as a possible adjuvant therapy to improve this dysbiosis, due to the contribution to the integrity of the intestinal barrier. In this context, this study aims to explain the relationship between the intestinal microbiota and CKD and the repercussions of the use of probiotics on the prognosis of these patients. For this, a narrative review was developed, using the LILACS, MEDLINE, Embase, and PubMed databases, in which articles available in full from the last 5 years, in Portuguese and English, were included. The indication of probiotics as a complementary therapy in renal patients was verified due to the disturbed intestinal microbiome, which aggravates the patient’s inflammatory state. Thus, the supplementation of probiotics, such as Bifidobacterium longum, Lactobacillus rauteri LRE02, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, and Lactobacillus casei shirota, acts in the reduction of nephrotoxic substances derived from metabolism in the dysbiotic intestine, in the reduction of urea levels and creatinine levels, in addition to lower levels of C-reactive protein. Thus, the administration of probiotics has been shown to be a precursor in the modulation of toxins derived from the altered microbiota in these patients. On the other hand, there is still controversy about the use of this therapy, because despite improvements in biochemical manifestations, the effective impact on the preservation of glomerular filtration rate is still poorly understood.</p

The quality of medical and social expertise of the contingent of children with disabilities in the City Children’s Polyclinic

The quality control of the provision of the State Service of passing the Medical and Social Examination (SS MSE) is carried out as part of the implementation of a set of measures to achieve the indicators of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation (RF) No. 601 (assessment of the level of satisfaction of citizens with the quality of state services). The purpose of the study was to determine the quality of the provision of SS MSE and possible reserves for its improvement. The analysis of 566 referrals for the passage of the SS MSE of a medical organization, submitted by official representatives of children - patients of the state budgetary healthcare institution of the Republic of Komi “Syktyvkar Children’s Clinic No. 3”, and a survey of official representatives of children who were diagnosed with disability, according to the questionnaire for assessing the level of satisfaction of citizens with the quality of the provision of SS MSE. Methods of analysis included: analytical and comparison. The following techniques were used for the analysis: grouping, absolute and relative values, average values, detailing, and generalization. The reliability of the results obtained was assessed by calculating the Student’s coefficients. The depth of the study was 3 years. Experts now have the opportunity to determine disability for children with severe persistent pathology not for 1 - 2 years, but for 10 - 15 years, in some cases, according to indications, and more, up to the age of 18. Some children and adolescents are permanently disabled. This significantly reduces the annual burden for patients to undergo examinations by medical specialists, and many clinical diagnostic and laboratory tests. At the same time, an annual examination by specialists of medical and social expertise to correct the individual rehabilitation/habilitation program of patients is not excluded.</p

Textile industry as a major source of microplastics in the environment

This review brings together data on the impact of (micro)plastics, on the environment. Critically evaluates studies on the use of various techniques for recycling textile plastic, which is a major polluter of the environment. In this review, let’s focus a bit more on industrial waste in the textile industry since it would be easiest possible to capture and recycle it again. We also discuss LCA studies, bottlenecks, and future perspectives, for a lower impact on the environment. The main challenges which make further recycling progress difficult are discussed, such as the lamination of textile fibers with metal, new textile fibers that appear as a result of rapid development, the difference in the density of textile fibers, low recycling efficiency, etc. Finally, the possible uses of more environmentally friendly polymers are shown, which can be an alternative to the current synthetic polymers.&nbsp;The results of the literature review showed that for the development of a sustainable textile industry, which would mitigate the impact of microplastics on the environment, from a long-term perspective, the integration of more intensive, complex decisions into the business models of manufacturing companies is necessary.The environmental consequences will be even more intense due to the massive releases of textile microfibers into the environment and excessive accumulation, therefore, in order to achieve the specific goals of sustainable development, a reduction in the production of microplastics is first required, which is only possible with a global partnership of all countries to achieve a specific goal on a global level.</p

Parkinson’s disease dementia and dementia with lewy bodies differences and similarities

The second most common neurodegenerative disease causing dementia in the population over 65 years is Parkinson´s Disease Dementia (PDD), sharing many clinical, genetic, pathophysiological, imaging, and morphological features with Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB). There is an ongoing debate whether these two diseases are separate diseases, just different phenotypes on the basis of the same Lewy Body pathology or the same disease. The differences are rather few and many authors tend to believe that PDD and DLB may be manifestations of the same neurodegenerative disorder.Based on a single examination, without regard to the temporal sequence of events, it is difficult or impossible to differentiate a single patient with parkinsonism as PDD or DLB. The relative timing when cognitive and motor symptoms appear, applying the 1-year rule, could be helpful in clinical practice in distinguishing the diseases. The subtle differences are hard to observe with more executive problems in PDD and a tendency of more easily triggered psychotic problems in DLB. Eventually, PDD and DLB might be the same disease - as long as unquestionable biomarkers definitely distinguishing both entities are not found.</p

The link between <em>s</em> and <em>d</em> components of electron boson coupling constants in one band d wave Eliashberg theory for high <em>T_c</em> superconductors

The phenomenology of overdoped high Tc uperconductors can be described by a one band d wave Eliashberg theory where the mechanism of superconducting coupling is mediated by antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations and whose characteristic energy Ω0 scales with Tc according to the empirical law Ω0 = 5.8 kBTc. This model presents universal characteristics that are independent of the critical temperature such as the link between the s and d components of electron boson coupling constants and the invariance of the ratio 2∆/kBTc. This situation arises from the particular structure of Eliashberg's equations which, despite being non-linear equations, present solutions with these simple properties.&nbsp;</p

Certain results of Aleph-Function based on natural transform of fractional order

In this research article, a new type of fractional integral transform namely the N-transform of fractional order is proposed, and derived a number of useful results of a more generalized function (Aleph-function) of fractional calculus by making use of the N-transform of fractional order. Further, the relation between it and other fractional transforms is given and some special cases have also been discussed.</p

The conclusion of the limitless hotel problem

Mathematician Cantor's Set theory appeared paradox and mathematical theory crisis. The famous German mathematician Hilbert used "Hilbert Hotel" to describe Cantor's Set theory paradox. At that time, people could not find a strict mathematical theory to refute Cantor's Set theory, but let everyone get used to and accept Cantor's Set theory, and thought that it was not a paradox. After the proposal of the limitless Hotel question, it caused controversy between the two parties.&nbsp;I quoted the definition of mathematical logic and got the correct answer.Proved that there is no paradox in limitless hotels (Reason: limitless hotels cannot increase the number of new guests staying.).A deep analysis of Cantor's limitless elements and the infeasibility of one-to-one correspondence was conducted.2020 Mathematics Subject Classification: 03G27, 03F07, 03D45, 03F55</p

About the connection of the electron binding energy of a single carbon anion with binding energies of an electron attached to carbon molecules

We demonstrate that the model of zero-range potentials can be successfully employed for the description of attached electrons in atomic and molecular anions, for example, negatively charged carbon clusters. To illustrate the capability of the model we calculate the energies of the attached electron for the family of carbon cluster anions consisting of two-, three- (equilateral triangle) and four (tetrahedron) carbon atoms equidistant from each other as well as for a C3 molecule having a chain structure. The considered approach can be easily extended to carbon clusters containing an arbitrary number of atoms arranged in an arbitrary configuration.</p

Increase in the number of consultations for early telarche and the subsequent diagnosis of early or early puberty in pediatric endocrinology in Alava, after the confinement suffered during the COVID-19 pandemic

Introduction: Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and home confinement measures, many of our routines and daily habits have been both affected and modified. Have these factors conditioned a real increase in precocious (PP) and accelerated puberty (AP)?Objectives: This is an observational and retrospective study in which the incidence of medical consultations due to premature thelarche is compared between March to December 2019 and 2020. The medical consultations occurred in the Pediatric Endocrinology (PE) consultation of our hospital.Patients and methods: The analysis involved 75 cases of young girls consulted with premature thelarche in 2019 and 97 girls which were consulted in 2020. From each patient, different variables were analyzed, such as somatometry, hormones, eco, and treatment.Results: In 2019, 75 first visits of PE were due to premature thelarche in young girls (accounting for 2.46% of the total number of first visits carried out in Pediatrics Outpatient Clinics (POC) and 16.77% of PE first visits). However, in 2020, 97 first visits were due to PE (3.52% of the total first-time visits of OC and 23.3% in PE). It was found that in 2020 the number of first-time visits due to premature thelarche increased by 28% compared to 2019 (p: 0.0001 mean comparison).In 2019, out of the 75 consultations due to premature thelarche, 40% were diagnosed with an earlier physiological puberty. Conversely in 2020, out of the 97 consultations, 61.77% had normal physiological puberty. These figures represent an OR of 1.54 (p: 0.02 t Student for independent samples). It was evaluated whether the patients had experienced &gt; 3kg weight gain above 6 months prior to the medical visit. In 2020, 31.57% of patients experienced weight gain, whereas 68.42% did not. In 2019 patients who experienced weight gain accounted for 12.16% and 87.83% did not experience significant weight gain (p: 0.01 t Student for independent samples).Conclusion: Our data demonstrates there has been an increase in the incidence of referrals from Primary Attention to Pediatric Endocrinology to examine advanced thelarche during the period of lockdown measures (2020), in addition to an increase in the number of diagnostics of PP and AP in young girls in our hospital when compared to figures for 2019.Furthermore, in 2020 there was a greater number of patients who experienced a weight gain increase 6 months prior to the medical consultations.We hypothesize that the lockdown inflicted sedentary lifestyles together with changes in dietary habits, promoting weight gain in patients. This effect could have caused a body fat mass increase in girls, suggesting a “trigger effect” in the activation of the gonadal axis, causing a rise in the number of early puberty cases.IRB: CIEC 01/2017.</p

Acute intestinal obstruction in systemic lupus Erythematosus: Case report and review of the literature

Introduction: Gastrointestinal manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus are common and may involve any segment of the digestive tract. Lupus enteritis is one of the manifestations responsible for abdominal pain. Its treatment is based essentially on corticosteroids. The use of immunosuppressive drugs is reserved for recurrent forms or in case of failure of corticosteroids.Materials and methods: We report a case of “acute intestinal obstruction in systemic lupus erythematosus” in the Department of Emergency visceral surgery.Results: Mrs. SQ, S, 24 years old, was diagnosed one week ago with systemic lupus erythematosus at the beginning of treatment, with a history of pancreatitis stage E, history of current illness goes back to 05 days before her admission by the installation of a sub-occlusive syndrome made of cessation of matter and gas associated with food vomiting, with cessation of matter and gas in the last 48 hours.Para-clinical The Abdomen without preparation showed hydroaeric levels. With an abdominal CT scan which showed: CT scan appearance in favor of bowel obstruction with evidence of a transitional level above the umbilical: inflammatory stenosis? The spontaneously hyper-dense appearance of the colonic lumen and some ileal intestines is most probably related to a digestive hemorrhage that could be part of lupus enteritis given the patient’s past history with the spontaneously hyper-dense appearance of the colonic lumen and ileal intestines most probably related to a digestive hemorrhage. And distension of the jejunal and some ileal coves, measuring: 36mm in maximum diameter, the seat of hydrophobic level with a transitional level above umbilical. Significant gastric distension. No parietal pneumatosis with no parietal enhancement defect.In view of the clinical symptomatology and the CT scan results, the patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy with the following findings: Absence of peritoneal effusion with the presence of a 3 cm distension of the bowel without any sign of flange, stenosis, or detectable obstacle, with the performance of multiple biopsies at the level of the greater omentum, the mesentery, and the anterior parietal peritoneumConclusion: Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a rarely reported manifestation during systemic lupus erythematosus. It is a rare but potentially serious manifestation that can reveal the disease or occur during the course of the disease. The use of immunosuppressive drugs is reserved for recurrent forms or in case of failure of corticosteroids. However, recurrences are frequent. Azathioprine is an alternative therapy to control the disease.However, recurrences are frequent. Azathioprine is an alternative therapy to control the disease.</p