The Development of a GPS/Pseudolite Positioning

The Satellite Navigation and Positioning (SNAP) group at The University of New South Wales (UNSW) has been actively conducting research into high precision kinematic GPS, alone and in combination with pseudolites, for the past eight years and two years respectively. This has led to the development of innovative carrier phase single-epoch ambiguity resolution procedures, and software programs that can process GPS and pseudolite data. This paper assesses the performance of these procedures, as well as pseudolite-only kinematc positioning. Results are presented of trials at BHP Port Kembla Steelworks in Australia, where ultimately the high-precision (cm-level) indoor and outdoor positioning system will be used in the tracking of vehicles

Chris is a Fellow of the Australian Institute of Navigation,

Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Joel has assisted in the development of the Locata receiver and testing of the Locata technology. Other current research interests include pseudolites, GPS receiver firmware customisation and high precision kinematic GPS positioning. Chris Rizos is a graduate of the School of Surveying, Th

Trade-off decisions in ecosystem management for poverty alleviation

The academic literature on trade-offs in ecosystem management has paid relatively little attention to justice and poverty reduction objectives. The aim of this paper is to highlight the multiple dimensions of trade-offs in ecosystem services management for poverty alleviation, and to support decision-makers in planning for the almost inevitable trade-offs arising from environmental interventions. The paper brings together different dimensions or lenses through which to analyse trade-offs in ecosystem management for poverty alleviation in a low-income country context. Following a literature review of trade-off decisions, the paper introduces the Balance Sheets Approach to structure trade-off analysis and appraise decisions. We apply the Balance Sheets Approach to analyse five case studies set in very different social-ecological systems where trade-offs were pertinent and undermined poverty alleviation. We show how the combination of ‘positive’ approaches, often used at strategic level, with ‘value’ approaches which analyse multiple values, multi-scale governance, power and capacity, is necessary to analyse complex trade-offs. Based on the case studies we identify four lessons for future trade-off analysis in the context of ecosystem management for poverty alleviation in low-income settings