Can we be both resilient and well, and what choices do people have? Incorporating agency into the resilience debate from a fisheries perspective.

In the midst of a global fisheries crisis, there has been great interest in the fostering of adaptation and resilience in fisheries, as a means to reduce vulnerability and improve the capacity of fishing society to adapt to change. However, enhanced resilience does not automatically result in improved well-being of people, and adaptation strategies are riddled with difficult choices, or trade-offs, that people must negotiate. This paper uses the context of fisheries to explore some apparent tensions between adapting to change on the one hand, and the pursuit of well-being on the other, and illustrates that trade-offs can operate at different levels of scale. It argues that policies that seek to support fisheries resilience need to be built on a better understanding of the wide range of consequences that adaptation has on fisher well-being, the agency people exert in negotiating their adaptation strategies, and how this feeds back into the resilience of fisheries as a social-ecological system. The paper draws from theories on agency and adaptive preferences to illustrate how agency might be better incorporated into the resilience debate

Mapping the interactions between rivers and sand dunes: Implications for fluvial and aeolian geomorphology

The interaction between fluvial and aeolian processes can significantly change Earth surface morphology. When rivers and sand dunes meet, the interaction of sediment transport between the two systems can lead to change in either or both systems. However, these two systems are usually studied independently, which leaves many questions unresolved in terms of how they interact. This paper carries out a global inventory, using satellite imagery, to identify 230 sites where there are significant fluvial-aeolian interactions. At each location key attributes such as wind/river direction, net sand transport direction, fluvial-aeolian meeting angle, dune type and river channel pattern were identified and relationships between each factor were analysed. From these data, six different types of interaction were classified that reflect a shift in dominance between the fluvial and aeolian systems. Results from this classification confirm that only certain types of interaction were significant: the meeting angle and dune type, the meeting angle and interaction type and finally the channel pattern and interaction type. However, the findings also indicate the difficulties of classifying dynamic geomorphic systems from snapshot satellite images

The sensitivity of landscape evolution models to spatial and temporal rainfall resolution

© Author(s) 2016. Climate is one of the main drivers for landscape evolution models (LEMs), yet its representation is often basic with values averaged over long time periods and frequently lumped to the same value for the whole basin. Clearly, this hides the heterogeneity of precipitation - but what impact does this averaging have on erosion and deposition, topography, and the final shape of LEM landscapes? This paper presents results from the first systematic investigation into how the spatial and temporal resolution of precipitation affects LEM simulations of sediment yields and patterns of erosion and deposition. This is carried out by assessing the sensitivity of the CAESAR-Lisflood LEM to different spatial and temporal precipitation resolutions - as well as how this interacts with different-size drainage basins over short and long timescales. A range of simulations were carried out, varying rainfall from 0.25 h × 5 km to 24 h × Lump resolution over three different-sized basins for 30-year durations. Results showed that there was a sensitivity to temporal and spatial resolution, with the finest leading to & gt; 100 % increases in basin sediment yields. To look at how these interactions manifested over longer timescales, several simulations were carried out to model a 1000-year period. These showed a systematic bias towards greater erosion in uplands and deposition in valley floors with the finest spatial- and temporal-resolution data. Further tests showed that this effect was due solely to the data resolution, not orographic factors. Additional research indicated that these differences in sediment yield could be accounted for by adding a compensation factor to the model sediment transport law. However, this resulted in notable differences in the topographies generated, especially in third-order and higher streams. The implications of these findings are that uncalibrated past and present LEMs using lumped and time-averaged climate inputs may be under-predicting basin sediment yields as well as introducing spatial biases through under-predicting erosion in first-order streams but over-predicting erosion in second- and third-order streams and valley floor areas. Calibrated LEMs may give correct sediment yields, but patterns of erosion and deposition will be different and the calibration may not be correct for changing climates. This may have significant impacts on the modelled basin profile and shape from long-timescale simulations

Perspectives on Menagement of Dental Pain

Eliminacija boli kod stomatoloŠkih pacijenata veoma je važna. Učinkovito ukloniti bol zahtijeva da se razumiju temeljni mehanizmi boli. Promijenjeno je tradicionalno shvaćanje kako je bol rezultat aktivnosti određenog niza događaja koji počinju u perifernim nociceptorima. Kompleksniji pogled razmatra i plastičnost prijenosnoga puta te opisuje kako proces počinje stimulusom i dovodi do pojave osjetilnog i emocionalnog odgovora. Ova suvremena koncepcija pomaže kliničarima da bolje rješavaju bol. Na primjer, mehanizmi u podlozi primarne hiperalgezije upućuju na bolje uklanjanje boli uporabom više lijekova. Slično tomu, fenomen pojačavanja boli, u kojem periferni stimulus može biti pojačan i do 20 puta, doveo je do razvoja nove koncepcije analgezije i razumijevanja važnosti vremenskoga rasporeda doza analgetika, ali i potrage za novim sredstvima koja mogu središnje blokirati senzibilizaciju. Broj analgetika na raspolaganju stomatolozima je velik, ali jednostavni protokoli, temeljeni na najboljim kliničkim dokazima, mogu osigurati jednostavne smjernice. Izbor analgetika uvelike će ovisiti o jakosti boli koji opisuje ili očekuje pacijent, uzimajući u obzir pacijentovo opće zdravlje. Paracetamol, nesteroidni antiinflamatorni lijekovi i kodein korisni su za većinu stomatoloških pacijenata. Doziranje i vremenski raspored uzimanja lijekova također su važni, ali važne su i informacije dostupne pacijentu. Na primjer, znanje o tome kako pacijentova prijeoperativna anksioznost može pojačati poslijeoperativnu bol naglašava važnost prijeoperativnog uklanjanja anksioznosti jednostavnim sredstvima, kao što su priladne informacije.Menagement of pain in dental patients is important. Effective menagement of pain requires an understanding of basic pain mechanisms. The traditional view that pain could be adequately described as resulting from the acrivity in a dedicated pathway originating in peripheral nociceptors has changed. Now a more complex view takes into account the plasticity of the conduction pathways and describes a process that starts with a stimulus and leads to both a sensory and emotional response. This contemporary understanding of pain systems helps clinicians manage pain better. For example, the mechanisms underlying primary hyperalgesia suggest ways to provide optimum pain relief by using a multi-drug approach. Similary, the phenomenon of wind-up, whereby peripheral input may be simplifield as much as twenty times, has lead to the concept of preemptive analgesia and an understanding of the importance of timing analgesic dosing, and the search of novel agents that may block central sensibilisation. The choice of analgesics available to dentists to proscribe or recommend is vast but simple protocols based on best clinical evidence can provide straightforward guidance. Analgesic choice will depend largely on the pain intensity reported or anticipated but will also take into account the patients gneral health. Paracetamol, NSAIDs and codeine are useful for ambulatory dental patients. The dosage and timing of drug administration are important but so too is the information made available to the patient. For example, an understanding of how a patients preoperative anxiety may also exaggerate their postoperative pain emphasises the importance of preoperative menagement of anxiety by simple means as providing appropriate information

The morality of the everyday: an initial step towards a research strategy

This paper attempts to problematise morality and to locate and investigate morality as an everyday activity. The paper draws extensively on the work of Zygmunt Bauman on the Holocaust and the challenges the Holocaust makes to social theory and to ethics. Following Bauman and Giddens, I argue that morality is pre-social and forms part of the social world in which we live and that it cannot and should not be codified. Some implications for future research on the morality of the everyday are made.<br /

Matching relations in Borges' la muerte y la brújula: an exercise in linguistic stylistics

This article introduces and exemplifies a pervasive linguistic feature of literary and non-literary texts, the matching relation, and then sets out to demonstrate how matching relations are a basic organising device of the Borges short story. A close examination of the text shows how carefully constructed and worded the original is and how important clues are conveyed through the matching relations. A brief comparison of several translations shows that some of these crucial matching relations are obscured by careles translation

Ethics for IT : a short Weberian excursus

The paper uses the famous conclusion of Max Weber\u27s Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism to open up the debate about ethics and the role of the professional. The paper identifies the key concerns of Weber in his conclusion and considers the implications for the development of IT ethics and the IT professional and the development of a professional response.<br /