Vulnerability of corals to seawater warming -Winter School on Impact of Climate Change on Indian Marine Fisheries held at CMFRI, Cochin 18.1.2008 to 7.2.2008

Coral reefs are the most diverse marine habitat, which support an estimated 0.5 to 2.0 million species in the world oceans. They are among the most sensitive of all ecosystems to temperature changes, exhibiting bleaching (a phenomenon in which the symbiotic zooxanthellae are expelled by coral polyps) when stressed by higher than normal sea temperatures. The hypothesis that corals and associated reef organisms might be the first to show adverse effects of global warming has been widely recognized. Coral bleaching is by far the most damaging event in coral reefs and is currently viewed as a major threat to the long-term health of coral reef communities

STUDIES ON PREPARATION OF BIOPOLYMERS AND ITS INVITRO PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY

 Imaginative arrangements utilizing biopolymer-based materials made of a few constituents appears to be especially appealing for bundling in biomedical and drug applications. In this course, some advancement has been utilized the electrospinning cycle towards fiber development dependent on biopolymers and natural mixes for the arrangement of novel bundling materials. Electrospinning can be utilized to make nanofiber mats portrayed by high immaculateness of the material, which can be utilized to make dynamic and current biomedical and drug bundling. Wise clinical and biomedical bundling with the utilization of polymers is a comprehensively and quickly developing field of interest for ventures and the scholarly world. Among different polymers, alginate has found numerous applications in the food area, biomedicine, and bundling. For instance, in medication conveyance frameworks, a cross section made of nanofibres created by the electrospinning strategy is profoundly wanted.Electrospinning for biomedicine depends on the utilization of biopolymers and regular substances, alongside the mix of medications, (for example, naproxen, sulfikoxazol) and fundamental oils with antibacterial properties, (for example, tocopherol, eugenol). This is a striking technique because of the capacity of creating nanoscale materials and designs of uncommon quality, permitting the substances to be embodiedwhat's more, the medications/organically dynamic substances put on polymer nanofibers. Along these lines, in this article we momentarily sum up the new advances on electrospinning of biopolymers with specific accentuation on use of Alginate for biomedical and drug applications

Mapping fish research in India - Missed opportunity

Jayashree and Arunachalam have analysed the impact of fish re$earch in India among th e global scientific community and reported that majority of publications, particularly those from the central research laboratories, are published in non-Science Citation Index (SCI) and non-Journal Citation Reports (JCR) journals of low impact with poor visibility. They have concluded 'fish research in India appears to be mediocre in general'

समुद्री मात्स्यिकी संपदाओं का प्रबंधन सिद्धांत और प्रयोग

कृपया पूरा लेखा पढ

Madras Fisheries Harbour - A status report for 1995

Madras Fisheries Harbour is one of the largest fisheries harbours in the east coast ofIndia. It provides base for mechanised as well as indigenous fishing crafts. It is estimated that 480 trawlers, 20 mechanised gill netters, 25 motorised and 200 nonmotorised catamarans make use of this harbour. The annual fish landings in 1995 were 38.251 tonnes; the trawlers contributing 96.1% of the landings

Sustainable coastal fisheries for nutritional security

Fisheries constitute the only sector, which offers animal protein to a broad economic cross-section of the society, thereby is in an advantageous position to ensure nutritional security. However, the scope for increasing coastal fish production, which contributes about 50% to the total fish production in India, appears to be limited. Reliable stock estimates, assessment of the efficacy of the existing fishing regulations, present economic status of fishing operations, formulation of key management interventions, and above all, allocation of adequate funds are a few major issues that demand immediate attention to ensure sustainability of marine fisherie

Fisheries management techniques- Winter School on Towards Ecosystem Based Management of Marine Fisheries – Building Mass Balance Trophic and Simulation Models

Marine living resources are by no means inexhaustible, although some of them are extremely rich. In India, the production of marine fish increased by about 5.5 times in 55 years, from 0.5 million tonnes in 1948 to 2.7 m t in 2003. However, the catch rate is on the decline in many centers, and the scope for further increase in catch from the inshore waters is limited. To sustain marine fish production, a consistent fisheries management policy and implementation of management measures are needed. In recent years, considerable time and effort have been spent, discussing the need for and modalities of marine fisheries management involving the fisheries scientists, politicians, managers and fisherfolk

Analysis of eukaryotic translation by integrating cryo-EM and ribosome profiling

Translational control plays a critical role in maintaining proteome homeostasis, and in influencing cellular differentiation, proliferation, growth and developmental pathways. Protein synthesis is closely linked to cellular metabolism and any aberrations in its regulation lead to diseased states. In this thesis presented here, translational regulation has been investigated in three different biological contexts by integrating two different techniques namely, cryo-electron microscopy and ribosomal profiling. Translational regulation has been investigated in maturing dendritic cells using ribosome profiling and RNAseq respectively. Dendritic cells (DC) are the professional antigen-presenting cells of the immune system. In the immature state (immature DC), they have the ability to monitor the environment and upon encountering antigens they mature to launch immune responses. Here, a defined cytokine mixture combined with TLR agonist (R848) has been used for in vitro DC maturation. Upon induction of maturation, pathways such as the ‘TNF signaling pathway’, the ‘cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction’ and the ‘IL-17 signaling pathway’ were up regulated both at the level of transcriptome and translatome respectively. Transcripts encoding for proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation pathway were strongly repressed at the later stages of DC maturation (24 h). As observed in previous studies transcripts encoding for ribosomal proteins, antigen processing and presentation were also translationally up-regulated at 4 h while being translationally repressed at the 24 h time point. Transcripts of the glycolytic pathway are also translationally repressed at the 24 h time-point. Further, during the course of DC maturation, globally there was increased ribosome occupancy in the 5’ UTR. During the later stages of DC maturation, down regulation of ABCE1 led to accumulation of post-termination ribosomes in the 3’ UTR. Moreover, ribosome occupancy in the 3’ UTR showed strong correlation to its GC content. Ski proteins function as accessory factors and are essential for exosome function, which mediates the 3’ to 5’ mRNA decay pathway. Non-stop transcripts are primarily decayed via the 3’ to 5’ pathway. It has been shown here that the Ski complex, interacts with the ribosome independent of Ski7. Ribosomal profiling of 80S-Ski-complexes revealed a fraction of longer footprints, and contained more poly-A containing footprints. Further, RNAseq analysis of the purified 80S-Ski-complexes revealed strong asymmetric distribution of reads, where more reads mapped towards the 5’ end of the transcripts. Also, transcripts with shorter half-life (< 5 min) and with more non-optimal codon content showed enrichment for Ski-80S footprints. This hinted at the possibility that Ski complex might interact with ribosomes for turnover of canonical transcripts via the 3’-5’ decay pathway. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is responsible for properly modifying and folding most of the secretory and membrane proteins. Its functioning capacity is challenged during stressful circumstances such as in hypoxia, calcium imbalance and viral infection. Unfolded protein response (UPR) is the cellular mechanism that is activated to alleviate the ER stress. UPR acts via three main pathways in mammals, and of this IRE1α-XBP1u branch is the most evolutionarily conserved. XBP1u contains a C-terminal ribosomal pausing site and plays a critical role in mediating UPR. Using cryo-EM, XBP1u has been visualized in the ribosomal exit tunnel. Structural characterization revealed that XBP1u forms a turn in the vicinity of the peptidyl transferase center and causes a subtle distortion of the base C4398 to inhibit ribosomal activity. This explains the temporary nature of the ribosomal arrest mediated by XBP1u. During ribosomal pausing, HR2 of XBP1u is being recognized by SRP, but it fails to successfully engage with the Sec61 translocon. XBP1u has evolved with an intermediate ribosomal pausing strength, but this allows it to be efficiently targeted by SRP onto the Sec61 translocon, albeit without gating it

Ontogenetic development of surfacing behaviour in the obligatory air-breathing fish Channa (=Ophiocephalus ) Striatus

Two series of experiments were conducted to relate surfacing behaviour and post-embryonic development in the air-breathing fish Channa s(riatw;. When prevented surfacing, the duration of survival on aquatic breathing alone decreased from 15 .6 hr in 7 mg fry to 8.8 hr in 0.75 g fingerling; when given free access to air, the surfacing frequency was the most erratic ( 1235 ± 823 (SO) limes/day) in the former and became regular (1323 ± 114 times/day) in the latter

Impact of Climate Change in the Indian Marine Fisheries and the Potential Adaptation Options

Marine capture fisheries have very important roles for food supply, food security and income generation in India. About one million people work directly in this sector, producing 3 million t annually. The value of fish catch at production level is about USD 2.8 billion (CMFRI, 2007) and India earns USD 1.6 billion by exporting fish and fishery products. The country has a fishing fleet consisting of 58,911 mechanized craft, 75,591 motorized craft and 104,270 non-motorized craft (CMFRI, 2006). Due to overfishing, unregulated fishing, habitat destruction and pollution, production from marine fisheries is stagnant in the last ten years. Being open access to a large extent, there is intense competition among the stakeholders with varied interests to share the limited resources in the coastal waters