Análisis urbano ambiental del espacio litoral del municipio de Coveñas en el departamento de Sucre – Colombia

Abstract: The present article makes a description and analysis of the location and characteristics of the coastal space of the municipality of Coveñas in the department of Sucre, Colombia. From this analysis, it was possible to identify and explain the urban and environmental problems that this coastal area has. These problems include inaccessibility to coastal edges, high density of second residences in areas of potential tourist use, high density of built-up areas in front of mangroves areas, sewer system failures, floods, inadequate use of the streams and, above all, the inaccuracies of the territorial planning system. This is how public and private actors apply the “solution” for the urban environmental problems of Coveñas, which only consists in the construction of works to counter the erosion of the coasts, leaving aside the other problems that affect the municipality. It can be affirmed that solutions have not been adopted, nor are they foreseen to minimize the problems that afflict the municipality and the community. The aim of this analysis is to propose solutions, from territorial planning; to reduce the problems described in advance, to demonstrate how, fromthe shortcomings in territorial planning, a compendium of problems derives that puts in play the natural wealth, the tourist potential and the well-being of the population of this municipality. ___Keywords: Coveñas, Sucre, Colombia, territorial planning system, urban-environmentalopportunities. ___Resumen: El presente artículo realiza una descripción y análisis de la localización y características del espacio litoral del municipio de Coveñas en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia. A partir de este análisis se pudo identificar y explicar los problemas urbanos y ambientales que padece este espacio litoral. Dentro de estos problemas, se destacan: la Inaccesibilidad a los bordes costeros, la alta densidad de segundas residencias en zonas de potencial uso turístico, la alta densidad de zonas construidas frente a manglares, las falencias en el sistema de alcantarillado, las inundaciones, el inadecuado uso de los arroyos y, sobre todo, las inexactitudes del sistema de planificación territorial. Es así como se expone la “solución” aplicada por los actores públicos y privados para los problemas urbanos ambientales de Coveñas, la cual consiste, únicamente, en la construcción de obras para contrarrestar la erosión de las costas, dejando de lado los demás problemas que afectan al municipio. Se puede afirmar que no se han adoptado, ni se prevén soluciones para minimizar los problemas que aquejan al municipio y a la comunidad. Lo que se pretende con este análisis es plantear soluciones, desde la planificación territorial, para disminuir los problemas descritos con antelación, para demostrar cómo, desde las falencias en la planificación territorial, se deriva un compendio de problemas que pone en juego la riqueza natural, el potencial turístico y el bienestar de la población de este municipio. ___Palabras clave: Coveñas, Sucre, Colombia, sistema de planificación territorial, oportunidades urbano-ambientales. ___Recibido: 9 de abril de 2016. Aceptado: 15 de octubre de 2016.  Resumen: El presente artículo realiza una descripción y análisis de la localización y características del espacio litoral del municipio de Coveñas en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia. A partir de este análisis se pudo identificar y explicar los problemas urbanos y ambientales que padece este espacio litoral. Dentro de estos problemas, se destacan: la Inaccesibilidad a los bordes costeros, la alta densidad de segundas residencias en zonas de potencial uso turístico, la alta densidad de zonas construidas frente a manglares, las falencias en el sistema de alcantarillado, las inundaciones, el inadecuado uso de los arroyos y, sobre todo, las inexactitudes del sistema de planificación territorial. Es así como se expone la “solución” aplicada por los actores públicos y privados para los problemas urbanos ambientales de Coveñas, la cual consiste, únicamente, en la construcción de obras para contrarrestar la erosión de las costas, dejando de lado los demás problemas que afectan al municipio. Se puede afirmar que no se han adoptado, ni se prevén soluciones para minimizar los problemas que aquejan al municipio y a la comunidad. Lo que se pretende con este análisis es plantear soluciones, desde la planificación territorial, para disminuir los problemas descritos con antelación, para demostrar cómo, desde las falencias en la planificación territorial, se deriva un compendio de problemas que pone en juego la riqueza natural, el potencial turístico y el bienestar de la población de este municipio. ___Palabras clave: Coveñas, Sucre, Colombia, sistema de planificación territorial, oportunidades urbano-ambientales. ___Abstract: The present article makes a description and analysis of the location and characteristics of the coastal space of the municipality of Coveñas in the department of Sucre, Colombia. From this analysis, it was possible to identify and explain the urban and environmental problems that this coastal area has. These problems include inaccessibility to coastal edges, high density of second residences in areas of potential tourist use, high density of built-up areas in front of mangroves areas, sewer system failures, floods, inadequate use of the streams and, above all, the inaccuracies of the territorial planning system. This is how public and private actors apply the “solution” for the urban environmental problems of Coveñas, which only consists in the construction of works to counter the erosion of the coasts, leaving aside the other problems that affect the municipality. It can be affirmed that solutions have not been adopted, nor are they foreseen to minimize the problems that afflict the municipality and the community. The aim of this analysis is to propose solutions, from territorial planning; to reduce the problems described in advance, to demonstrate how, fromthe shortcomings in territorial planning, a compendium of problems derives that puts in play the natural wealth, the tourist potential and the well-being of the population of this municipality. ___Keywords: Coveñas, Sucre, Colombia, territorial planning system, urban-environmentalopportunities. ___Recibido: 9 de abril de 2016. Aceptado: 15 de octubre de 2016

San Miguel de Colosó: Paisagem e Patrimônio no Pós-conflito Colombiano

This descriptive research aims to present the results of the investigation from an Architectural and Territorial standpoint, and its incidence in the construction of a Colossian collective imaginary through the documentation of the work of cabinetmaking and vernacular buildings, which have produced a compendium of furniture and wooden objects that the Colossian population wishes to turn into insignia of the tangible and intangible heritage of the Sucre region in a historical moment of post-conflict in which San Miguel de Colosó, as a municipality of the Department of Sucre and located in Montes de María in the Colombian Caribbean region, had one of the highest rates of forced displacement in the history of the country.La presente investigación de tipo descriptivo tiene como objetivo dar a conocer los resultados de un estudio desde la Arquitectura y el Territorio, y su incidencia en la construcción de un imaginario colectivo colosoano a través de la documentación de la labor de ebanistería y edificaciones vernáculas, que han producido un compendio de muebles y objetos en madera que la población colosoana desea convertir en insignias del patrimonio material e inmaterial de la región sucreña en un momento histórico de postconflicto en el que San Miguel de Colosó, como municipio del Departamento de Sucre y ubicado en los Montes de María en la región Caribe Colombiana, tuvo uno de los índices más altos de desplazamiento forzado en la historia del país.A presente pesquisa descritiva tem como objetivo apresentar os resultados de um trabalho desde a Arquitetura e do Território, e sua incidência na construção de um imaginário coletivo colossiano através da documentação da obra de marcenaria e edifícios vernaculares, que produziram um compêndio de móveis e objetos de madeira que a população colossiana deseja converter em insígnias do patrimônio tangível e imaterial da região de Sucre em um momento histórico de pós-conflito em que San Miguel de Colosó, como município do departamento de Sucre e situado em Montes de María na região do Caribe colombiano, teve uma das maiores taxas de deslocamento forçado da história do país

Luna Park: Uma Mentalidade Poética Urbana Perdida no Tempo

Evidence the existence of Luna Park in Bucaramanga, at the beginning of the 20th century, and reflect on the transformations of urban morphology with the Circle of Parks proposed by the Decree in 1908, together with the use of instruments —such as the timeline, the analysis and comparison of urban plans— based on the Urban Analysis Methodological Guide, result in reflections on occupation, the change of use of the city's green areas due to road expansion projects. in favor of vehicular mobility and media solutions. in front of the informal settlements or “black zones” of the city.Evidenciar la existencia del Luna Park en Bucaramanga, a inicios del siglo XX, y reflexionar sobre las transformaciones de la morfología urbana con el Círculo de Parques propuesto por el Decreto en 1908, junto al uso de instrumentos —como la línea de tiempo, el análisis y comparación de planos urbanos— con base en la Guía Metodológica de Análisis Urbano, dan como resultado reflexiones en torno a la ocupación , el cambio de uso de las zonas verdes de la ciudad por proyectos de ampliación de vías. en pro de la movilidad vehicular y de soluciones mediáticas. frente a los asentamientos informales o “zonas negras” de la ciudad.Evidenciar a existência do Luna Park em Bucaramanga, no início do século XX, e refletir sobre as transformações da morfologia urbana com o Círculo de Parques proposto pelo Decreto de 1908, juntamente com o uso de instrumentos —como a linha do tempo, a análise e comparação dos planos urbanos— com base no Guia Metodológico de Análise Urbana, resultam em reflexões sobre a ocupação, a mudança de uso das áreas verdes da cidade devido aos projetos de expansão viária. em favor da mobilidade veicular e soluções de mídia. frente aos assentamentos informais ou “zonas negras” da cidade

Healthcare workers hospitalized due to COVID-19 have no higher risk of death than general population. Data from the Spanish SEMI-COVID-19 Registry

Aim To determine whether healthcare workers (HCW) hospitalized in Spain due to COVID-19 have a worse prognosis than non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Methods Observational cohort study based on the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a nationwide registry that collects sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory, and treatment data on patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in Spain. Patients aged 20-65 years were selected. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to identify factors associated with mortality. Results As of 22 May 2020, 4393 patients were included, of whom 419 (9.5%) were HCW. Median (interquartile range) age of HCW was 52 (15) years and 62.4% were women. Prevalence of comorbidities and severe radiological findings upon admission were less frequent in HCW. There were no difference in need of respiratory support and admission to intensive care unit, but occurrence of sepsis and in-hospital mortality was lower in HCW (1.7% vs. 3.9%; p = 0.024 and 0.7% vs. 4.8%; p<0.001 respectively). Age, male sex and comorbidity, were independently associated with higher in-hospital mortality and healthcare working with lower mortality (OR 0.211, 95%CI 0.067-0.667, p = 0.008). 30-days survival was higher in HCW (0.968 vs. 0.851 p<0.001). Conclusions Hospitalized COVID-19 HCW had fewer comorbidities and a better prognosis than NHCW. Our results suggest that professional exposure to COVID-19 in HCW does not carry more clinical severity nor mortality

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Identification of novel risk loci, causal insights, and heritable risk for Parkinson's disease: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies

Background Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Parkinson's disease have increased the scope of biological knowledge about the disease over the past decade. We aimed to use the largest aggregate of GWAS data to identify novel risk loci and gain further insight into the causes of Parkinson's disease. Methods We did a meta-analysis of 17 datasets from Parkinson's disease GWAS available from European ancestry samples to nominate novel loci for disease risk. These datasets incorporated all available data. We then used these data to estimate heritable risk and develop predictive models of this heritability. We also used large gene expression and methylation resources to examine possible functional consequences as well as tissue, cell type, and biological pathway enrichments for the identified risk factors. Additionally, we examined shared genetic risk between Parkinson's disease and other phenotypes of interest via genetic correlations followed by Mendelian randomisation. Findings Between Oct 1, 2017, and Aug 9, 2018, we analysed 7·8 million single nucleotide polymorphisms in 37 688 cases, 18 618 UK Biobank proxy-cases (ie, individuals who do not have Parkinson's disease but have a first degree relative that does), and 1·4 million controls. We identified 90 independent genome-wide significant risk signals across 78 genomic regions, including 38 novel independent risk signals in 37 loci. These 90 variants explained 16–36% of the heritable risk of Parkinson's disease depending on prevalence. Integrating methylation and expression data within a Mendelian randomisation framework identified putatively associated genes at 70 risk signals underlying GWAS loci for follow-up functional studies. Tissue-specific expression enrichment analyses suggested Parkinson's disease loci were heavily brain-enriched, with specific neuronal cell types being implicated from single cell data. We found significant genetic correlations with brain volumes (false discovery rate-adjusted p=0·0035 for intracranial volume, p=0·024 for putamen volume), smoking status (p=0·024), and educational attainment (p=0·038). Mendelian randomisation between cognitive performance and Parkinson's disease risk showed a robust association (p=8·00 × 10−7). Interpretation These data provide the most comprehensive survey of genetic risk within Parkinson's disease to date, to the best of our knowledge, by revealing many additional Parkinson's disease risk loci, providing a biological context for these risk factors, and showing that a considerable genetic component of this disease remains unidentified. These associations derived from European ancestry datasets will need to be followed-up with more diverse data. Funding The National Institute on Aging at the National Institutes of Health (USA), The Michael J Fox Foundation, and The Parkinson's Foundation (see appendix for full list of funding sources)

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection