Hábitos recreativos en la adolescencia y sus riesgos para la salud auditiva

En la actualidad los hábitos recreativos de los adolescentes están caracterizados por la exposición a altos niveles sonoros de música, lo cual motiva preocupación a nivel mundial por el deterioro prematuro de la audición que se observa en esa franja etaria, constituyendo un "comportamiento de riesgo" para la salud auditiva. Organismos internacionales de salud señalan la "necesidad" y "urgencia" de tomar medidas adecuadas para actuar sobre el problema a fin de evitar y/o disminuir sus consecuencias.http://revistas.unc.edu.ar/index.php/racc/article/view/5107/5279publishedVersionFil: Joekes, Silvia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto de Estadística y Demografía, Argentina.Fil: Yacci, María Rosa. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto de Estadística y Demografía, Argentina.Fil: Righetti, Andrea. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Económicas. Instituto de Estadística y Demografía, Argentina.Fil: Abraham, Mónica. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica (CINTRA). Unidad Asociada del CONICET; Argentina.Fil: Hinalaf, María de los Angeles. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica (CINTRA). Unidad Asociada del CONICET; Argentina.Fil: Biassoni, Ester Cristina. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica (CINTRA). Unidad Asociada del CONICET; Argentina.Fil: Serra, Mario René. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica (CINTRA). Unidad Asociada del CONICET; Argentina.Fil: Pavlik, Marta Leonor. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Facultad Regional Córdoba. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica (CINTRA). Unidad Asociada del CONICET; Argentina.Otras Ciencias de la Salu

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat

Correction to: Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Manual de buenas prácticas para la salud auditiva

Fil: Serra, Mario René. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica; Argentina.El desarrollo de la mayoría de las actividades humanas conlleva implícito cierto grado de producción de sonidos, ruidos y vibraciones. No somos realmente conscientes de los efectos y consecuencias de este tipo de energía hasta el momento en que nos limita la comunicación, nos provoca disconfort o malestar, o nos damos cuenta de que nuestra capacidad auditiva ha disminuido. El desempeño en ambientes ruidosos o la repetida elección de escuchar música a niveles sonoros elevados con auriculares por ejemplo, pueden causar un deterioro prematuro de las funciones auditivas. La exposición continua a altos niveles sonoros puede ocasionar desplazamientos permanentes de los umbrales auditivos, es decir irreversibles, debido a la acumulación gradual del daño que se va produciendo en las células ciliadas del oído interno a lo largo del tiempo. El presente Manual de Buenas Prácticas en relación a la Salud Auditiva pretende concientizar a la población sobre los riesgos de aquellos hábitos que pueden inducir pérdidas auditivas, brindar orientaciones sobre prácticas saludables al respecto y promover la participación activa en la construcción de ambientes sonoros más saludables.https://www.investigacion.frc.utn.edu.ar/cintra/pub/file/CINTRA%20-%20Manual%20de%20buenas%20practicas%20EBOOK.pdfFil: Serra, Mario René. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Universidad Tecnológica Nacional. Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica; Argentina.Psicología especial (incluye terapia para el aprendizaje, habla, audición, visión y otras discapacidades físicas y mentales

Estudio sobre la supresión contralateral de las otoemisiones acústicas transitorias, umbrales auditivos y hábitos recreativos en adolescentes

 This study is developed under the line of Hearing Conservation implemented in the Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica from Argentina, where the hearing and psychosocial aspects are studied for 4 years. The aim of this study is analyze, in adolescents between 14 and 15 years old, the relationship of Medial Efferent pathway -by Contralateral Suppression (CS) of Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) - with:a) hearing thresholds of the audiometry and b) exposure to high music levels in recreational activities. The results of the first year of study (Test) showed that hearing thresholds and different levels of exposure to musical activities did not influence the effect of the CS. In the majority of adolescents tested showed a reduction in the response of TEOAEs after contralateral acoustic stimulation, as might be infer that the efferent pathway would be acting as a protective mechanism hearing regardless of their hearing thresholds and levels of exposure. This research has been developed (Retest stage) the study of hearing vulnerability of this group of adolescents to chronic exposure to high music levels. El presente artículo se desarrolla en el marco de la línea de Conservación de la Audición implementada en el Centro de Investigación y Transferencia en Acústica de Argentina, donde se estudia el aspecto auditivo y psicosocial por un período de 4 años. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar, en adolescentes entre 14 y 15 años, la relación de la Vía Eferente Medial- mediante la prueba de la Supresión Contralateral (SC) de las Otoemisiones Acústicas Transitorias (TEOAEs)- con: a) los umbrales auditivos de la audiometría y b) la exposición a altos niveles  sonoros de música en actividades recreativas. Los resultados del primer año de estudio (Test) mostraron que los umbrales auditivos y los diferentes niveles de exposición a actividades musicales no influyeron sobre el efecto de la SC. En la mayoría de los adolescentes evaluados se observó una reducción de la respuesta de las TEOAEs luego de la estimulación acústica contralateral, por lo que se podría inferir que la vía eferente estaría actuando como mecanismo de protección auditiva independientemente de sus umbrales auditivos y niveles de exposición. Se continua investigando (etapa de Retest) la vulnerabilidad auditiva de este grupo de adolescentes a la exposición crónica a altos niveles sonoros de música.