Treinamento de força com pré-ativação muscular antagonista em idosos: um ensaio clínico controlado e randomizado

The study aimed to verify and compare the effects of controlled strength training (TF) with antagonistic muscle pre-activation, during 16 sessions, on the muscle strength of lower limbs and on functional performance in sedentary elderly people. 56 elderly people of both sexes were selected, with a mean of 66.5 ± 4.5 years. Participants were divided into 3 groups: TF1 n = 17, TF2 n = 18 and CG n = 21. The body mass index (BMI), fat percentage (% F) and the strength tests of 1 maximum repetition of the femoral quadriceps (FQF), sitting and standing on the chair, the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and the six-minute walk. The study demonstrated that the 1RM test did not find any statistically significant intergroup differences in the pre-intervention moment, however, in the post-intervention moment, significant intergroup statistical differences were found. In the 1RM test when compared to the CG (TF1 pre vs TF1 post - T = -3.746, p <0.001; TF2 pre vs TF2 post - T = -3.537, p <0.001; GC pre and GC post - T = -3.753, p <0.001). There was a statistically significant difference between the TF2 and GC TF2 and GC groups (H (2) = 6.276, p = 0.04 | U = 96.5; z = -2.410, p = 0.016). For the test to sit and reach, (TF1 pre vs TF1 post - T = -3.337, p <0.001); TF2pre vs TF2post - T = -2.442, p = 0.015); GC pre vs GC post - T = -2.935, p = 0.003). For the 6-minute test, in the intergroup analysis, the groups showed statistically significant differences in the pre-intervention moment. Strength training with antagonistic muscle pre-activation in the elderly improves muscle strength and funcional perfomace.O estudo teve como objetivo verificar e comparar os efeitos do treinamento de força (TF) controlado com pré-ativação muscular antagonista, durante 16 sessões, sobre a força muscular de membros inferiores e no desempenho funcional em idosos sedentários. Foram selecionados 56 idosos, de ambos os sexos, com média de 66,5 ± 4,5 anos. Os participantes foram divididos em 3 grupos: TF1 n=17, TF2 n=18 e GC n=21. Foram mensurados o índice de massa corpórea (IMC), percentual de gordura (%G) e os testes de força de 1 repetição máxima do quadríceps femoral (FQF), de sentar e levantar na cadeira, o Timed Up and Go (TUG) e a caminhada de seis minutos. O estudo demonstrou que o teste de 1RM não foram encontradas diferenças estaticamente significativa intergrupo no momento pré-intervenção, porém no momento pós-intervenção foram encontradas diferenças estatísticas significativas intergrupo. No teste 1RM quando comparados com o GC (TF1pré vs TF1pós – T = -3,746, p<0,001; TF2pré vs TF2pós - T = -3,537, p<0,001; GCpré vs GCpós - T = -3,753, p<0,001). Foi verificada diferença estatística significativa entre o grupo TF2 e GC TF2 e GC (H(2)= 6,276, p = 0,04 | U=96,5; z=-2,410, p=0,016). Para o teste sentar e alcançar, (TF1pré vs TF1pós – T = -3,337, p<0,001); TF2pré vs TF2pós - T = -2,442, p=0,015) ; GCpré vs GCpós - T = -2,935, p=0,003). Para o teste de 6 minutos, na análise intergrupo, os grupos apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas no momento pré-intervenção. O treinamento de força com pré-ativação muscular antagonista em idosos melhora a força muscular e o desempenho funcional

Factors associated with stress, anxiety, and depression during social distancing in Brazil

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of clinical signs and symptoms of severe/extreme stress, anxiety, and depression, as well as their associated factors, among Brazilians during social distancing. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in April/May 2020 with 3,200 Brazilians over 18 years old. Respondents’ sociodemographic and clinical data were collected using an online questionnaire, which also included the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) to assess emotional symptoms. Unadjusted and adjusted prevalence ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated using Poisson regression models with robust variance. RESULTS: Our results show the prevalence of severe/extreme stress was 21.5%, anxiety 19.4%, and depression 21.5%. In the final model, sociodemographic, clinical, and Covid-19-related factors were associated with severe/extreme stress, anxiety, and depression in Brazilians during social distancing due to the Covid-19 pandemic. We found the main factors associated with severe/extreme depression to be young women, brown, single, not religious, sedentary, presenting reduced leisure activities, history of anxiety and depression, increased medication use, and Covid-19 symptoms. CONCLUSION: This study may help develop and systematically plan measures aimed to prevent, early identify, and properly manage clinical signs and symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression during the Covid-19 pandemic. DESCRIPTORS: Mental Disorders, epidemiology. Stress, Psychological. Social Isolation. Coronavirus Infections. Health Surveys

The 13th Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-IV Survey Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) began observations in July 2014. It pursues three core programs: APOGEE-2,MaNGA, and eBOSS. In addition, eBOSS contains two major subprograms: TDSS and SPIDERS. This paper describes the first data release from SDSS-IV, Data Release 13 (DR13), which contains new data, reanalysis of existing data sets and, like all SDSS data releases, is inclusive of previously released data. DR13 makes publicly available 1390 spatially resolved integral field unit observations of nearby galaxies from MaNGA,the first data released from this survey. It includes new observations from eBOSS, completing SEQUELS. In addition to targeting galaxies and quasars, SEQUELS also targeted variability-selected objects from TDSS and X-ray selected objects from SPIDERS. DR13 includes new reductions ofthe SDSS-III BOSS data, improving the spectrophotometric calibration and redshift classification. DR13 releases new reductions of the APOGEE-1data from SDSS-III, with abundances of elements not previously included and improved stellar parameters for dwarf stars and cooler stars. For the SDSS imaging data, DR13 provides new, more robust and precise photometric calibrations. Several value-added catalogs are being released in tandem with DR13, in particular target catalogs relevant for eBOSS, TDSS, and SPIDERS, and an updated red-clump catalog for APOGEE.This paper describes the location and format of the data now publicly available, as well as providing references to the important technical papers that describe the targeting, observing, and data reduction. The SDSS website, http://www.sdss.org, provides links to the data, tutorials and examples of data access, and extensive documentation of the reduction and analysis procedures. DR13 is the first of a scheduled set that will contain new data and analyses from the planned ~6-year operations of SDSS-IV.PostprintPeer reviewe

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for the production of dark matter in association with top-quark pairs in the single-lepton final state in proton-proton collisions at √s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Search for vector-like T quarks decaying to top quarks and Higgs bosons in the all-hadronic channel using jet substructure

Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV