Efficiency of Akkermansia muciniphila in type 2 diabetes and obesity

Akkermansia muciniphila is an anaerobic species of gut microbiome that has been proposed as a new functional microbiota with probiotic properties. Recent research has shown the amazing abilities of probiotic bacteria, A. muciniphila, which resides in most people's intestines. These bacteria affect the body if it increases or decreases abdominal fat. The presence of A. muciniphila has opened new ways for the use of this plentiful intestinal symbiont in next-generation therapeutic products, as well as targeting microbiota dynamics. A. muciniphila is particularly effective in increasing mucosal thickness and enhancing bowel barrier function. As a result, host metabolic markers improve. The host functions that are disrupted in various diseases with a particular focus on metabolic disorders in animals and humans. A specific protein in the outer membrane of A. muciniphila called Amuc-110 could in the future be a strong candidate for drug production. As a result, we suggest that microbes and our microbiology or gut microbiome knowledge could be a new source for future treatments. The objectives of this review are to summarize the data available on the distribution of A. muciniphila gut in health and disease, to provide insights into the environment and its role in the creation of microbial networks at the mucosal interface, as well as to discuss recent research on its role in regulation

Scalable, Hydrophobic and Highly-Stretchable Poly(isocyanurate-Urethane) Aerogels

Scalable, low-density and flexible aerogels offer a unique combination of excellent mechanical properties and scalable manufacturability. Herein, we report the fabrication of a family of low-density, ambient-dried and hydrophobic poly(isocyanurate-urethane) aerogels derived from a triisocyanate precursor. The bulk densities ranged from 0.28 to 0.37 g cm-3 with porosities above 70% v/v. The aerogels exhibit a highly stretchable behavior with a rapid increase in the Young\u27s modulus with bulk density (slope of log-log plot \u3e 6.0). In addition, the aerogels are very compressible (more than 80% compressive strain) with high shape recovery rate (more than 80% recovery in 30 s). Under tension even at high strains (e.g., more than 100% tensile strain), the aerogels at lower densities do not display a significant lateral contraction and have a Poisson\u27s ratio of only 0.22. Under dynamic conditions, the properties (e.g., complex moduli and dynamic stress-strain curves) are highly frequency- and rate-dependent, particularly in the Hopkinson pressure bar experiment where in comparison with quasi-static compression results, the properties such as mechanical strength were three orders of magnitude stiffer. The attained outcome of this work supports a basis on the understanding of the fundamental mechanical behavior of a scalable organic aerogel with potential in engineering applications including damping, energy absorption, and substrates for flexible devices

Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Side services within real estate broker business : how the new real estate brokers law will affect side services and brokers supply of services

Förmedling av kringtjänster i ett vinstgivande syfte är förbjudet enligt den nuvarande fastighetsmäklarlagen. I slutet av år 2005 tillsattes en utredning som skulle utvärdera den nuvarande lagstiftningen och komma med förslag angående förändringar och förbättringar. Det nya förslaget innebär bland annat att vinstgivande kringtjänster kommer att tillåtas och i dagsläget verkar det som att lagen kommer träda i kraft någon gång under år 2010. Den nya lagen kommer utan tvekan att förändra fastighetsmäklarbranschen i Sverige och vi har i denna undersökning försökt att ta reda på hur den nya fastighetsmäklarlagen påverkar mäklarföretags utbud av kringtjänster samt vilka möjligheter företagen ser att skapa vinstgivande avkastning på dessa tjänster. Våran metod har i sin helhet bestått av kvalitativa undersökningar i form av fyra intervjuer med berörda aktörer samt en fokusgrupp med fyra deltagare och en moderator som ledde fokusgruppen. Undersökningarna har gjorts med handledning av relevant litteratur och har varit lärorika och väldigt givande. I undersökningen har det visat sig att de flesta berörda parter ser positivt på de vinstgivande kringtjänsternas uppkomst. Det tycks inte finnas någon oro över att mäklares arbetssätt kommer att förändras avsevärt utan snarare att det är företagandet som kommer att förändras i samband med den nya lagen. Till exempel i form av slutande av avtal med samarbetspartners samt efterarbetet med uppföljning för att hålla samarbetet vid liv. Den nya mäklarlagen är ett resultat av den utveckling som skett inom branschen och är baserad på bland annat kundundersökningar som visar att kringtjänster är något som önskas av kunderna. Därför ser mäklare på kringtjänster som något oundvikligt men också som en bra möjlighet att tjäna mer pengar och utveckla sitt tjänsteutbud.The offering of side services with a money making purpose is illegal according to the present estate brokers law. An investigation was proposed to investigate the present legislation to introduce possible changes and improvements.  The new proposal will probably result in the legalization of money making side services and it seems to be a fact sometime in the year 2010. This new law will undoubtedly change the Swedish estate broker business and in this survey we have tried to determine how the new law will affect estate broker companies range of side services and also which possibilities the companies find to create profit on these services. Our method only consist of a qualitative research including four interviews with involving persons and also a focus group with four participants and a moderator who leads the focus group. The research has been done with guidance from relevant literature and the result has been interesting and very rewarding. In our research it has been settled that most of the people concerned have a positive view towards the upcoming of side services. There doesn't seem to be any anxiety about estate brokers way of work changing significantly. Instead it is the way of working in companies that will change because of the new law. For example as binding contracts with collaborate partners and the afterwork like following up to keep the partnerships alive and running. The new estate brokers law is a result of the development the business has faced during the last yeras and is among other things based on customer surveys which show that side services is something that is wanted by the customers. Because of that estate brokers see the upcoming of the side services as something inevitable but also as a possibility to make more money and develop the supley of services

The Emergence of Qnr-resistance Among Klebsiella pneumoniae spp in Zahedan: Qnr-resistance Among Klebsiella pneumoniae spp

Although quinolone resistance results mostly from chromosomal mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae, it may also be mediated by plasmid – encoded qnr determinants. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) was increasingly identified in Enterobacteriaceae family worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of qnr genes in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae spp in Zahedan, south-East of Iran. In this sectional-descriptive study which was performed in 2013, clinical isolates of k. pneumoniae (n=184) were collected from patients referred to 3hospitals of Zahedan. The presence of the qnr gene was screened by PCR using specific primers for qnrA, qnrB, qnrS and qnrC in extracted plasmid DNA. Of 184 K. pneumoniae clinical isolates, 45 isolates were positive for the qnr gene. The prevalence of qnrA, qnrB and qnrS clusters among these isolates were 8 (17.7%), 22 (48.8%), 4(8.88%) respectively and qnrC was not identified in any isolate. Another 6(13.33%) possessed both qnrA and qnrB genes and 5(11.11%) possessed both qnrB and qnrS. qnr are widely distributed worldwide. Community-acquired and nosocomial pathogens and the emergence of qnr-mediated quinolone resistance among clinical K.pneumoniae isolates are described for the first time in Iran