Application of the Modified Weakly Compressible SPH Method to the 3D Turbulent Wave Breaking Impact

In this paper, the mesh-less weakly compressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) method was used to solve the continuity and momentum equations with laminar viscosity and the sub-particle scale (SPS) turbulence model. To correct the pressure field and improve the accuracy of free surface, modification of the kernel and its gradient is applied to weakly compressible SPH. The modified method, namely the mSPH-T-K, was also equipped with periodic smoothing of the density using the modified kernel. To validate the modified model, the pressure field and the wave front position of the 2D dam break flow were compared with those of experimental data, the standard SPH method and the mSPH-T method, which is the turbulence SPH method without modification of the kernel and its gradients. Finally, a 3D wave impact was simulated using the mSPH-T-K method. A comparison of results with experimental data showed that this model is a powerful tool for the simulation of complicated free surface flows with large deformations and impact

An Adaptive Image Encryption Scheme Guided by Fuzzy Models

A new image encryption scheme using the advanced encryption standard (AES), a chaotic map, a genetic operator, and a fuzzy inference system is proposed in this paper. In this work, plain images were used as input, and the required security level was achieved. Security criteria were computed after running a proposed encryption process. Then an adaptive fuzzy system decided whether to repeat the encryption process, terminate it, or run the next stage based on the achieved results and user demand. The SHA-512 hash function was employed to increase key sensitivity. Security analysis was conducted to evaluate the security of the proposed scheme, which showed it had high security and all the criteria necessary for a good and efficient encryption algorithm were met. Simulation results and the comparison of similar works showed the proposed encryptor had a pseudo-noise output and was strongly dependent upon the changing key and plain image.Comment: Iranian Journal of Fuzzy Systems (2023

Removing or Authorizing the Agheleh Guarantee and Proposing the Replacement of the “Physical Injuries Compensation Fund Caused by Mistake Crimes”

Of the cases, that the legislator has accepted the criminal liability resulting from the other’s act is agheleh guarantee under section of which the agheleh is bound to pay for the murder blood money and the mistake injuries on behalf of the wrongdoer criminal according to the provisions stipulated in the law. This way of remedy that has been made in systems that lived as tribes, has been followed by many advantages such as unity and cooperation among the tribe members. However, it seems that at present and considering the social structure of current communities in which the kinship relationships and even familial ones are becoming corer day by day, the existence of such a guarantee, which had been created for facilitation, will sometimes become problematic and due to the same reason, it can be stated that the above-mentioned guarantee has lost the efficacy of the past period and one should use the establishment of a new fund in the name of “physical injuries compensation fund due to mistake crimes” by removing or authorizing it

Preventing TMTO attack in AES-CCMP in IEEE 802.11i

This study is conducted to establish an alternative, creative technique for the structure of Advanced Encryption Standard-Counter Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (AES-CCMP) key in IEEE 802.11i. the structure of proposed method increase the length of AES-CCMP key from 128 bits to 256 bits to eliminate Time-Memory Trade-Off (TMTO) attacks by using three proposed solutions including Random Nonce Key, Four Way Handshake alteration and Pseudo Random Function (PRF). Besides, two proposed and classic methods are compared in terms of TMTO attack probability, avalanche effect, changes in neighbor blocks, memory usage and execution time. According to the results, the proposed method is completely resistant to TMTO attack. In addition, avalanche effect and change in neighbor blocks of proposed method are so near to optimized state and also, two classic and proposed methods are approximately the same in case of memory usage and execution time

Determination of some physical properties of virgin olive fruits

Information on physical properties of virgin olive fruit, especially those grown in Iran,arenot available in literatures. Some physical properties of Mari variety of virgin olive fruits,namely: dimensional properties (length, width, thickness, arithmetic mean diameter, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, volume of the fruit, surface area and projected area), gravimetric properties(unit mass of fruit, 1,000 fruit mass, bulk density, true density and porosity), frictional properties (angle of repose and coefficient of friction), modeling dimensional properties and mass (using normal distribution) were studied. Also sphericity, volume, surface area and projected area were calculated using different theoretical equations. Length, width and thickness of fruits ranged from 18.46 mmto 27.63 mm, 15.80 mmto 21.99 mm and 14.77 mm to 20.33 mm, respectively. Bulk density of fruits increasedfrom 590.78 kgm-3 to 646.51kgm-3 as the volume container increased from 500 ml to 2,000 ml and true density of 1,059.14kgm-3were obtained. The highest value forangle of repose and coefficient of friction amongplywood, rubber, iron and galvanized surfaceswererecorded for iron surface and the lowest value was recorded for galvanized surface.   Keywords: normal distribution, dimensional properties, gravimetric properties, frictional properties, modelin

Allele and haplotype frequencies for HLA-DQ in Iranian celiac disease patients

AIM: To assess the distribution of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQ2 and -DQ8 in Iranian celiac disease (CD) patients and compare them to healthy Iranian controls. METHODS: To predict the HLA-DQA1 and -DQB1 genes, we used six previously reported HLA-tagging single nucleotide polymorphism to determine HLA genotypes in 59 Iranian patients with 'biopsy-confirmed' CD and in 151 healthy Iranian individuals. To test the transferability of the method, 50 cases and controls were also typed using a commercial kit that identifies individual carriers of DQ2, DQ7 and DQ8 alleles. RESULTS: In this pilot study 97% of CD cases (n = 57) and 58% of controls (n = 87) were carriers of HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8 heterodimers, either in the homozygous or heterozygous state. The HLA-DQ pattern of these 57 CD patients: heterozygous DQ2.2 (n = 14) and homozygous DQ2.2 (n = 1), heterozygous DQ2.5 (n = 33) and homozygous DQ2.5 (n = 8), heterozygous DQ8 (n = 13) and homozygous DQ8 (n = 2). Two CD patients were negative for both DQ2 and DQ8 (3%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of DQ8 in our CD population was higher than that reported in other populations (25.4%). As reported in other populations, our results underline the primary importance of HLA-DQ alleles in the Iranian population's susceptibility to CD. (C) 2014 Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017 : A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.Peer reviewe

Ets1 gene (Ets Proto-Oncogene1) expression changes in patients with celiac disease under a gluten-free diet

Background. One of the effective genes in the pathogenesis of the celiac disease is the Ets1 gene, which encodes the transcription factor Ets1 and is highly conserved during evolution. The Ets1 gene inhibits the differentiation of T helper 17 (Th17) cells and the production of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) by these cells and decreased expression of the Ets1 gene can lead to autoimmune disorders. The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in Ets1 gene expression in the blood samples of patients with celiac disease compared with the control group. Methods. Blood samples were collected from twenty patients with celiac disease under a gluten-free diet and also from twenty healthy people. After RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis, a specific primer pair of the Ets1 gene was designed and its expression changes were examined by real-time PCR. Results. The expression of the Ets1 gene in patients with celiac disease on a gluten-free diet did not show a significant difference compared with healthy individuals (P-value= 0.54).. Conclusion. Failure to observe a significant difference between the patient and the control group can be due to the effect of the duration of the gluten-free diet and also the inadvertent entry of gluten from hidden sources into the diet of patients under treatment. Practical Implications. According to the results observed in this study, it is possible that if the gluten-free diet is followed more strictly and over a longer period of time by patients with celiac disease, the expression of the Ets1 gene will proceed as we expected. This issue needs to be evaluated in future studies with a larger community