Women and Professional Generativity: Voices from the Field

Aging brings with it a certain commitment to improving the lives of future generations and to giving back by engaging in productive pursuits that provide psychological well-being (Versey & Newton, 2013). Leaders and adults develop a heightened sense of communion with self and others and derive meaning and satisfaction through serving others (Slater, 2003). We present findings from a focus group comprised of nine college-educated women professionals from three countries, gathered for the purpose of discussing generativity in educational leadership. Purposeful sampling was employed to allow variation and representation of women in educational leadership. Positions held by focus group members ranged from principals, directors, professors to deans. The specific purpose was to obtain an in-depth understanding of experiences of women as they engaged with the concept of generativity in their personal and professional lives. The results suggested that commitments to generativity activities varied by experience, age, and race. Another important finding was the categorization of participant women into distinct identity markers of pathmakers, guardians, searchers and drifters (Josselson, 1996) as reflected by the focus and nature of their generativity activities. Further studies with women from different socioeconomic backgrounds and fields other than educational leadership need to be conducted to establish the universality of our findings. Keywords: women, educational leadership, generativit

Using specification and description language to represent users’ profiles in OMNET++ simulations

Omnet++ is a powerful and open-source simulation tool which is basically intended to model discrete-event systems. In particular, Omnet++ is extensively used to model and simulate computer networks. Typically, when a Wide Area Network needs to be modeled, different assumptions are made in order to simplify the complexity associated with human behavior. Nevertheless, human behavior can also be modeled, at least to some extent, by using Multi Agent Systems (MAS). This paper presents a methodology that allows connecting a MAS model –which accounts for human behavior–, with a standard Omnet++ model –which represents the behavior of a computer network. The approach presented here can be useful to obtain a better representation of the human behavior through a MAS model when using Omnet++. Furthermore, our approach simplifies the modeling process by splitting the complexity of a real system into two different parts. Therefore, on the one hand computer scientists can focus on the Omnet++ model while, on the other hand, specialists in human behavior can focus on the MAS model. Finally, our approach also facilitates the distribution of the models among different computers.Postprint (published version

Assessment of cognitive function in patients with essential hypertension treated with lercanidipine

J Tisaire-Sánchez1, J Roma2, Ignacio Camacho-Azcargorta3, J Bueno-Gómez1, J Mora-Maciá4, Angel Navarro51Fundación para la Investigación de la Hipertensión Arterial, Zaragoza, Spain; 2Fundació per l’Estudi de la Hipertensió Arterial als Hospitals Comarcals de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; 3Servicio de Cardiología, Clínica San José, Valencia, Spain; 4Unidad de Hipertensión Arterial, Instituto Médico Tecnológico, Barcelona, Spain; 5Recordati España, Madrid, SpainObjectives: The aim of this longitudinal, open-label, comparative, multicenter study was to assess cognitive function in hypertensive patients receiving mid-term treatment with lercanidipine.Methods: Hypertensive patients aged 40 years or older were treated with lercanidipine (10 mg daily) after 7–10 days washout period. The duration of the study was 6 months. Blood pressure (BP) was measured every 4 weeks (JNC 6th report). In patients with inadequate BP control, doxazosin was added and up-titrated. At baseline and after 6 months of treatment, cognitive function was evaluated using the Spanish validated version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Trail Making Test (TMT). Results: In the study population of 467 patients, BP decreased from 154.4/95.3 mmHg at baseline to 134.8/80.7 mmHg at 6 months. At the end of the study, 98% of patients were receiving lercanidipine, 20% an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and 6% doxazosin. Adequate BP control was obtained in 68% of patients. The mean (standard deviation) MMSE scores improved from 32.35 (2.59) to 33.25 (2.36) (p<0.0001). Patients with good BP control scored significantly better than those with inadequate BP control (p<0.05), which was already observed at the first month. Conclusions: The third-generation calcium channel antagonist, lercanidipine, improved cognitive function after 6 months of treatment especially in patients with good BP control, suggesting that improvements in cognitive function may be associated with a decrease in BP. Keywords: lercanidipine, hypertension, cognitive functio

Análisis agrometeorológico de altas temperaturas. Efecto sobre la calidad de la fruta

Durante la segunda semana de enero de 2022 se registró una ola de calor que, sin dudas, generó un incremento en las temperaturas máximas de la zona.EEA Alto ValleFil: Rodríguez, Andrea Betiana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Alto Valle; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Angel Rafael. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Alto Valle; ArgentinaFil: Raffo Benegas, María Dolores. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Alto Valle; ArgentinaFil: Roma, Juan Fernando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Alto Valle; Argentin

Aurora kinase A drives the evolution of resistance to third-generation EGFR inhibitors in lung cancer.

Although targeted therapies often elicit profound initial patient responses, these effects are transient due to residual disease leading to acquired resistance. How tumors transition between drug responsiveness, tolerance and resistance, especially in the absence of preexisting subclones, remains unclear. In epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutant lung adenocarcinoma cells, we demonstrate that residual disease and acquired resistance in response to EGFR inhibitors requires Aurora kinase A (AURKA) activity. Nongenetic resistance through the activation of AURKA by its coactivator TPX2 emerges in response to chronic EGFR inhibition where it mitigates drug-induced apoptosis. Aurora kinase inhibitors suppress this adaptive survival program, increasing the magnitude and duration of EGFR inhibitor response in preclinical models. Treatment-induced activation of AURKA is associated with resistance to EGFR inhibitors in vitro, in vivo and in most individuals with EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. These findings delineate a molecular path whereby drug resistance emerges from drug-tolerant cells and unveils a synthetic lethal strategy for enhancing responses to EGFR inhibitors by suppressing AURKA-driven residual disease and acquired resistance

Global maps of soil temperature

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km² resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e., offset) between in-situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km² pixels (summarized from 8500 unique temperature sensors) across all the world’s major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in-situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Global maps of soil temperature.

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications

“Esta é a minha família fora da minha família”: Relacionamento baseado em um modelo de cuidados em ensino médio e faculdade

Early college (EC) is a novel educational model in the US that combines high school and college in an effort to increase underrepresented students’ access to higher education by providing engaging, hands-on instruction in a supportive learning environment. For this phenomenological inquiry, we sought to understand the role of care-based relating in a model early college by examining how relationships are manifested and experienced at this school. Through 30-45 minute interviews, eleven participants (three sophomores, three seniors, and five teachers) described EC teachers’ high level of commitment to students’ academic success through: (a) responsive instruction in classroom and group contexts; (b) additional learning support for individual students; and (c) varied experiences from traditional school contexts. EC teachers found these efforts fostered student commitment to learning. Additionally, teachers and students noted the extraordinary commitment of EC teachers to the physical, social, and emotional wellbeing of learners demonstrated through: (a) family-like relationships; (b) promoting social and emotional wellbeing through timely advice and intervention; (c) joining students through tragic and intense personal and out-of-school realities; and (d) forming longitudinal connections with students and their families. However, this commitment resulted in teachers taking on significant burden when there was a lack of structural supports available for all learners. Findings hold implications for educational policy and school structuring that can promote educational equity and success through meaningful relationships, responsive practices, wrap-around services for students with out-of-school challenges, and teacher-support structures to ensure the longitudinal development and wellness of teachers, preventing burnout and attrition.“Early College” (EC) es un modelo educativo innovador en los Estados Unidos que combina la enseñanza media y la universidad en un esfuerzo para aumentar el acceso de los estudiantes sub-representados a la enseñanza superior, proporcionando instrucciones prácticas e involucradas en un ambiente de aprendizaje de apoyo. Para esta investigación fenomenológica, buscamos comprender el papel de la relación basada en un modelo de cuidado de la universidad al examinar cómo las relaciones se manifiestan y se experimentan en esta escuela. A través de entrevistas de 30 a 45 minutos, once participantes (tres estudiantes de segundo año, tres senior y cinco profesores) describieron el alto nivel de compromiso de los profesores de la CE con el éxito académico de los alumnos a través de: (a) instrucción responsiva En contextos de clase y grupo; (b) soporte de aprendizaje adicional para estudiantes individuales; (c) experiencias variadas de contextos escolares tradicionales. Los profesores de la CE descubrieron que estos esfuerzos promueven el mayor compromiso de los estudiantes en aprender. Además, profesores y alumnos observaron el compromiso extraordinario de los profesores de la CE con el bienestar físico, social y emocional de los alumnos demostrados a través de: (a) relaciones familiares; (b) promover el bienestar social y emocional a través de un oportuno asesoramiento e intervención; (c) juntar a estudiantes a través de trágicas e intensas realidades personales y fuera de la escuela; y (d) formar conexiones longitudinales con alumnos y sus familias. Sin embargo, este compromiso resultó en que los profesores asumieron una carga significativa cuando hubo falta de apoyos estructurales disponibles para todos los alumnos.“Early College” (EC) é um modelo educacional inovador nos EUA que combina o ensino médio e a faculdade em um esforço para aumentar o acesso dos estudantes sub-representados ao ensino superior, fornecendo instruções práticas e envolventes em um ambiente de aprendizagem de apoio. Para este inquérito fenomenológico, buscamos compreender o papel da relação baseada em um modelo de cuidados de faculdade ao examinar como os relacionamentos são manifestados e experimentados nesta escola. Através de entrevistas de 30 a 45 minutos, onze participantes (três estudantes de segundo ano, três “senior” e cinco professores) descreveram o alto nível de compromisso dos professores da CE com o sucesso acadêmico dos alunos através de: (a) instrução responsiva em contextos de sala de aula e grupo; (b) suporte de aprendizagem adicional para estudantes individuais; (c) experiências variadas de contextos escolares tradicionais. Os professores da CE descobriram que esses esforços promovem o maior empenho dos estudantes em aprender. Além disso, professores e alunos observaram o compromisso extraordinário dos professores da CE com o bem-estar físico, social e emocional dos alunos demonstrados através de: (a) relacionamentos familiares; (b) promover o bem-estar social e emocional através de um oportuno aconselhamento e intervenção; (c) juntar estudantes através de trágicas e intensas realidades pessoais e fora da escola; e (d) formar conexões longitudinais com alunos e suas famílias. No entanto, esse compromisso resultou em que os professores assumiram um fardo significativo quando houve falta de apoios estruturais disponíveis para todos os alunos

Using specification and description language to represent users’ profiles in OMNET++ simulations

Omnet++ is a powerful and open-source simulation tool which is basically intended to model discrete-event systems. In particular, Omnet++ is extensively used to model and simulate computer networks. Typically, when a Wide Area Network needs to be modeled, different assumptions are made in order to simplify the complexity associated with human behavior. Nevertheless, human behavior can also be modeled, at least to some extent, by using Multi Agent Systems (MAS). This paper presents a methodology that allows connecting a MAS model –which accounts for human behavior–, with a standard Omnet++ model –which represents the behavior of a computer network. The approach presented here can be useful to obtain a better representation of the human behavior through a MAS model when using Omnet++. Furthermore, our approach simplifies the modeling process by splitting the complexity of a real system into two different parts. Therefore, on the one hand computer scientists can focus on the Omnet++ model while, on the other hand, specialists in human behavior can focus on the MAS model. Finally, our approach also facilitates the distribution of the models among different computers