Estudio de prefactibilidad para la instalación de una planta productora de detergente ecológico

El presente trabajo de investigación nace debido a la necesidad de reducir el impacto en la contaminación de las aguas, producto de actividades empresariales/domésticas como el lavado de la ropa, el cual deja residuos químicos y perjudica el medio ambiente. La presente investigación busca ofrecer un producto con menor impacto en la contaminación de las aguas en comparación con los productos de la competencia, aprovechando la migración de las personas a productos eco amigables. Este será presentado en un envase reciclable de 3 litros a un precio entre S/. 40.00 – S/. 50.00 en los sectores A y B de Lima metropolitana. La planta estará ubicada en el distrito de Lurín, y contará con un área para el proyecto de 576 m2. Esta tendrá una capacidad de producción de 137 729 botellas, sin embargo, esta será limitada por la relación tamaño mercado, con una producción anual de 73 170 botellas de 3 litros. El proceso de producción constará de 4 etapas importantes las cuales estarán bajo supervisión del respectivo jefe y sus operarios. Se requerirá un total de 18 empleados tanto directos como indirectos. En el ámbito financiero, se debe tener en cuenta que la inversión total del proyecto será de 899 468 soles, el 40% será financiada a una tasa del 7.70% y el otro 60% será aporte de los accionistas. Por último, analizando la parte financiera del proyecto, se determinó que este si es viable. Para la evaluación, se tomó en cuenta el COK del 8.50%, un costo promedio ponderado capital hallado del 6.68%, un valor actual neto financiero de 1 235 093 soles, una tasa interna de retorno del 67.45% y un periodo de recupero de 2.73 años con el cual se puede llegar a la conclusión de que el proyecto si es rentable.The present study was born due to the need to reduce the impact on water pollution, product of business/domestic activities such as laundry, which leaves chemical residues and harms the environment. This research seeks to offer a product with a reduced impact on water pollution compared to other competitor products, by taking advantage of people's migration to eco friendly alternatives. This will be presented in a recyclable 3-liter bottle at a price between S/. 40.00 - S/. 50.00 in urban sectors A and B of metropolitan Lima. The factory will be located in the district of Lurín, and will have an area of 576 square meters for the project. It will have a production capacity of 137 729 bottles; however, this will be limited by the market size ratio, with an annual production of 73 170 three-liter bottles. The manufacturing process will consist of 4 major stages, which will be under the supervision of the respective supervisor and his or her operators. A total of 18 employees, both direct and indirect, will be required. On the financial side, it should be noted that the total investment of the project will be 899 468 soles, 40% will be financed at an interest rate of 7.70% and the other 60% will be contributed by the shareholders. Finally, analyzing the financial part of the project, it was determined that it is feasible. For the evaluation, a COK of 8.50%, WACC 6.68%, VAN of 1 235 093 soles, TIR of 67.45% and a payback period of 2.73 years were taken into account, which leads to the conclusion that the project is profitable

Em busca da distinção perdida: Acessibilidade versus disponibilidade mnésicas em cognição social

A compreensão da forma como se representa, organiza e recupera informação de memória acerca de pessoas e acontecimentos sociais constitui actualmente uma das áreas fundamentais de desenvolvimento teórico e metodológico da Cognição Social. A literatura produzida neste âmbito permite distinguir quatro grandes abordagens, duas delas subjacentes à maior parte da investigação: as redes associativas e as representações esquemáticas; e duas mais recentes: os exemplares e as representações distribuídas. As duas primeiras abordagens, que têm prevalecido em Cognição Social, privilegiam os processos de codificação em detrimento dos processos de recuperação mnésica, levando a que a investigação nesta área continue a concentrar-se nos processos de codificação e organizaçãode informação social em memória e a negligenciar os processos de recuperação que geralmente se assumem como invariantes. Procuraremos no presente artigo descrever e contrastar estas propostas, apresentando alguns argumentos teóricos e empíricos que reforçam a importância dos processos de recuperação, questionando ainda o pressuposto de invariância destesprocessos, explicita ou implicitamente presente na literatura

Variabilidad genética de Aedes aegypti determinada mediante marcadores moleculares, en dos áreas endémicas para dengue en el Paraguay

Aedes aegypti es el principal vector del dengue en Paraguay, cuya composición genética poblacional puede ser afectada por los controles químicos y ambientales, por lo que es necesario evaluarlos con marcadores moleculares capaces de estimar la diversidad genética existente entre poblaciones naturales de mosquitos.CONACYT – Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologíaPROCIENCI

Associations between eating speed, diet quality, adiposity, and cardiometabolic risk factors

Objective: To assess the associations between eating speed, adiposity, cardiometabolic risk factors, and diet quality in a cohort of Spanish preschool-children. Study design: A cross-sectional study in 1371 preschool age children (49% girls; mean age, 4.8 ± 1.0 years) from the Childhood Obesity Risk Assessment Longitudinal Study (CORALS) cohort was conducted. After exclusions, 956 participants were included in the analyses. The eating speed was estimated by summing the total minutes used in each of the 3 main meals and then categorized into slow, moderate, or fast. Multiple linear and logistic regression models were fitted to assess the β-coefficient, or OR and 95% CI, between eating speed and body mass index, waist circumference, fat mass index (FMI), blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, and lipid profile. Results: Compared with participants in the slow-eating category, those in the fast-eating category had a higher prevalence risk of overweight/obesity (OR, 2.9; 95% CI, 1.8-4.4; P < .01); larger waist circumference (β, 2.6 cm; 95% CI, 1.5-3.8 cm); and greater FMI (β, 0.3 kg/m2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.5 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (β, 2.8 mmHg; 95% CI, 0.6-4.9 mmHg), and fasting plasma glucose levels (β, 2.7 mg/dL, 95% CI, 1.2-4.2 mg/dL) but lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet (β, −0.5 points; 95% CI, −0.9 to −0.1 points). Conclusions: Eating fast is associated with higher adiposity, certain cardiometabolic risk factors, and lower adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Further long-term and interventional studies are warranted to confirm these associations

Database Survey of Anti-Inflammatory Plants in South America: A Review

Inflammation is a complex event linked to tissue damage whether by bacteria, physical trauma, chemical, heat or any other phenomenon. This physiological response is coordinated largely by a variety of chemical mediators that are released from the epithelium, the immunocytes and nerves of the lamina propria. However, if the factor that triggers the inflammation persists, the inflammation can become relentless, leading to an intensification of the lesion. The present work is a literature survey of plant extracts from the South American continent that have been reported to show anti-inflammatory activity. This review refers to 63 bacterial families of which the following stood out: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Apocynaceae and Celastraceae, with their countries, parts used, types of extract used, model bioassays, organisms tested and their activity

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Chrysobrycon yoliae, a new species of stevardiin (Characiformes: Characidae) from the Ucayali basin, Peru

Chrysobrycon yoliae, new species, is described from a drainage flowing into the río Yucamia basin, río Ucayali basin, Peru. Chrysobrycon yoliaeis readily distinguished from its congeners by the anterior tip of pelvic bone situated anterior to the fifth rib (vs. situated posterior to the fifth rib), the presence of 20-26 dentary teeth (vs. 11-19), and the possession of a terminal lateral-line tube between caudal-fin rays 10 and 11 (vs. the absence of this tube, except in C. eliasi). The new species differs from C. eliasi and C. myersi by the presence of teeth on third pharyngobranchial (vs. the absence of teeth on this bone) and also differs from C. eliasi by the dorsal-fin origin situated at vertical through anal-fin rays 5 to 7 (vs. located at vertical through anal-fin rays 8 to 10), the posterior extent of the ventral process of quadrate reaching the vertical through posterior margin of symplectic (vs. not reaching the vertical through posterior margin of symplectic), the dorsal-fin to adipose-fin length 26.8-28.8% SL (vs. 23.9-26.8% SL), and the body depth at dorsal-fin origin 34.4-42.2% SL (vs. 24.1-34.5% SL). A key for the identification of Chrysobrycon species is provided.Se describe Chrysobrycon yoliae, una nueva especie de un drenaje que fluye hacia la cuenca del río Yucamia, cuenca del río Ucayali, Perú. Chrysobrycon yoliae es fácilmente distinguible de sus congéneres por la punta anterior del hueso pélvico situada anterior a la quinta costilla (vs. situada posterior a la quinta costilla), la presencia de 20-26 dientes dentarios (vs. 11-19) y la presencia de tubo terminal de la línea lateral entre los radios caudales 10 y 11 (vs. la ausencia de este tubo, excepto en C. eliasi). La nueva especie difiere de C. eliasi y C. myersi por el desarrollo de dientes sobre el tercer faringobranquial (vs. la ausencia de dientes sobre este hueso) y también difiere de C. eliasi por el origen de la aleta dorsal ubicado en la vertical a través de los radios anales 5 a 7 (vs. ubicado en la vertical a través de los radios anales 8 a 10), por la extensión posterior del proceso ventral del cuadrado que alcanza la vertical que pasa por el margen posterior del simpléctico (vs. no alcanza la vertical que pasa por el borde posterior del simpléctico), por la distancia aleta dorsal-aleta adiposa 26,8-28,8% LE (vs. 23,9-26,8% LE) y la altura del cuerpo en el origen de aleta dorsal 34,4-42,2% LE (vs. 24,1-34,5% LE). Se provee una clave para la identificación de las especies de Chrysobrycon.Fil: Vanegas Rios, James Anyelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Azpelicueta, Maria de Las M.. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados; ArgentinaFil: Ortega, Hernán. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos; Per

Chrysobrycon guahibo, nueva especie, se describe para algunos pequeños drenajes que fluyen hacia la cuenca del río Guaviare, cuenca del río Orinoco, Colombia

Chrysobrycon guahibo, new species, is described from some small drainages flowing into the Guaviare River basin, Orinoco River basin, Colombia. This is the first record of the genus in the Orinoco basin. Chrysobrycon guahibo isdistinguished from all congeners by having fewer maxillary teeth 1-3 (vs. 6-15 in C. eliasi, 3-11 in C. hesperus, 3-12 in C. myersi, and 9-16 in C. yoliae), the nasal bone longer than antorbital (vs. nasal as long as or shorter thanantorbital), absence of bony lamella between the second and third basibranchials (vs. presence of this lamella), and bony hooks on the 3rd to 7th branched anal-fin rays with discontinuous arrangement, forming two separate series along each ray in mature males (vs. bony hooks with continuous arrangement, forming a single series along rays, except in C. hesperus). Chrysobrycon guahibo also differs from C. hesperus and C. myersi by the presence of a terminal lateral-line tube between caudal-fin rays 10 and 11 (vs. absence of this tube), absence of bony lamella between the first and second basibranchials (vs. presence of this lamella), and greater number of neural spines between the posteriormost supraneural and the anteriormost dorsal-fin pterygiophore (4-5 vs. 2-3). An updated identification key for all Chrysobrycon species is provided.Chrysobrycon guahibo, nueva especie, se describe para algunos pequeños drenajes que fluyen hacia la cuenca del río Guaviare, cuenca del río Orinoco, Colombia. Este es el primer registro del género en la cuenca del Orinoco. Chrysobrycon guahibo se distingue de todos sus congéneres por poseer un menor número de dientes maxilares 1-3 (vs. 6-15 en C. eliasi, 3-11 en C. hesperus, 3-12 en C. myersi y 9-16 in C. yoliae), el nasal más largo que el antorbital (vs. nasal tan largo o más corto que el antorbital), la ausencia de lámina ósea entre el segundo y tercer basibranquiales (vs. presencia de esta lámina) y los ganchos óseos de los radios ramificados anales tercero a séptimo distribuidos de manera discontinua, formando dos series separadas a lo largo de cada radio en los machos adultos (vs. ganchos óseos distribuidos de manera continua, formando una sola serie a lo largo de los radios, excepto en C. hesperus). Chrysobrycon guahibo también difiere de C. hesperus and C. myersi por la presencia de un tubo terminal de la línea lateral entre los radios caudales 10 y 11 (vs. ausencia de este tubo), la ausencia de lámina ósea entre el primer y segundo basibranquiales (vs. presencia de esta lámina) y el mayor número de espinas neurales entre el supraneural mas posterior y el pterigióforo mas anterior de la aleta dorsal (4-5 vs. 2-3). Se presenta una clave de identificación actualizada para todas las especies de Chrysobrycon.Fil: Vanegas Rios, James Anyelo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Bonilla Urbano, Alexander. Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; ColombiaFil: Azpelicueta, Maria de Las M.. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentin