37 research outputs found
Relativistic Turbulence: A Long Way from Preheating to Equilibrium
- Author
- Publication venue
- 'American Physical Society (APS)'
- Publication date
- 14/10/2002
- Field of study
We study, both numerically and analytically, the development of equilibrium
after preheating. We show that the process is characterised by the appearance
of Kolmogorov spectra and the evolution towards thermal equilibrium follows
self-similar dynamics. Simplified kinetic theory gives values for all
characteristic exponents which are close to what is observed in lattice
simulations. The resulting time for thermalization is long, and temperature at
thermalization is low, T∼100 eV in the simple λΦ4
inflationary model. Our results allow a straightforward generalization to
realistic models.Comment: 4 pages, 3figures, LaTe
Turbulent Thermalization
- Author
- A. Rajantie
- A. Riotto
- A.C. Newell
- A.D. Linde
- A.D. Linde
- A.K. Kolmogorov
- A.K. Kolmogorov
- A.L. Maroto
- A.N. Pushkarev
- A.N. Pushkarev
- A.R. Liddle
- A.R. Liddle
- A.V. Kats
- D. Bodeker
- D. Boyanovsky
- D.I. Kaiser
- D.I. Kaiser
- D.J.H. Chung
- D.J.H. Chung
- D.T. Son
- D.V. Semikoz
- D.V. Semikoz
- D.V. Semikoz
- E. Calzetta
- E.J. Copeland
- E.W. Kolb
- E.W. Kolb
- G. Aarts
- G. Aarts
- G. Dvali
- G. Falkovich
- G.F. Giudice
- G.F. Giudice
- G.F. Giudice
- G.N. Felder
- G.N. Felder
- G.N. Felder
- I.I. Tkachev
- I.I. Tkachev
- I.I. Tkachev
- Igor I. Tkachev
- J. Baacke
- J. Berges
- J. Garcia-Bellido
- J. Garcia-Bellido
- J. Garcia-Bellido
- J.H. Traschen
- J.R. Ellis
- J.R. Ellis
- K. Enqvist
- K.A. Olive
- L. Covi
- L. Kofman
- L. Kofman
- L. Kofman
- M. Salle
- P.B. Greene
- R. Kallosh
- R. Micha
- R. Micha
- R. Ray
- Raphael Micha
- S. Borsanyi
- S. Borsanyi
- S. Borsanyi
- S. Davidson
- S. Dodelson
- S. Dyachenko
- S. Kasuya
- S. Khlebnikov
- S. Matarrese
- S.Y. Khlebnikov
- S.Y. Khlebnikov
- S.Y. Khlebnikov
- S.Y. Khlebnikov
- T. Hamazaki
- T. Ikeda
- T. Prokopec
- V. Kuzmin
- V. Kuzmin
- V.E. Zakharov
- Y. Shtanov
- Publication venue
- 'American Physical Society (APS)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2004
- Field of study
We study, analytically and with lattice simulations, the decay of coherent
field oscillations and the subsequent thermalization of the resulting
stochastic classical wave-field. The problem of reheating of the Universe after
inflation constitutes our prime motivation and application of the results. We
identify three different stages of these processes. During the initial stage of
``parametric resonance'', only a small fraction of the initial inflaton energy
is transferred to fluctuations in the physically relevant case of sufficiently
large couplings. A major fraction is transfered in the prompt regime of driven
turbulence. The subsequent long stage of thermalization classifies as free
turbulence. During the turbulent stages, the evolution of particle distribution
functions is self-similar. We show that wave kinetic theory successfully
describes the late stages of our lattice calculation. Our analytical results
are general and give estimates of reheating time and temperature in terms of
coupling constants and initial inflaton amplitude.Comment: 27 pages, 13 figure
Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- Author
- Abay Solomon M.
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdela Jemal
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abebe Zegeye
- Abebo Teshome Abuka
- Aboyans Victor
- Abraha Haftom Niguse
- Abreu Daisy M. X.
- Abu-Raddad Laith J.
- Adane Akilew Awoke
- Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji
- Adetokunboh Olatunji
- Adhikari Tara Ballav
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Agius Dominic
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agrawal Sutapa
- Aichour Miloud Taki Eddine
- Akibu Mohammed
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi F.
- Akseer Nadia
- Al Lami Faris Hasan
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Eyadhy Ayman
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Tahiya
- Alasfoor Deena
- Albittar Mohammed I.
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Ali Syed Danish
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Aljunid Syed M.
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Allen Christine
- Alomari Mahmoud A.
- Alsharif Ubai
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amenu Kebede
- Ammar Walid
- Amoako Yaw Ampem
- Anber Nahla
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Androudi Sofia
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Araújo Valdelaine E. M.
- Aremu Olatunde
- Artaman Al
- Aryal Krishna Kumar
- Asayesh Hamid
- Asfaw Ephrem Tsegay
- Asgedom Solomon Weldegebreal
- Asghar Rana Jawad
- Ashebir Mengistu Mitiku
- Asseffa Netsanet Abera
- Atey Tesfay Mehari
- Atre Sachin R.
- Atteraya Madhu S.
- Avila-Burgos Leticia
- Avokpaho Euripide Frinel G. Arthur
- Awasthi Ashish
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayalew Animut Alebel
- Ayele Henok Tadesse
- Ayer Rakesh
- Ayuk Tambe Betrand
- Azzopardi Peter
- Azzopardi-Muscat Natasha
- Babalola Tesleem Kayode
- Badali Hamid
- Badawi Alaa
- Banach Maciej
- Banerjee Amitava
- Banstola Amrit
- Barber Ryan M.
- Barboza Miguel A.
- Barker-Collo Suzanne L.
- Barquera Simon
- Barrero Lope H.
- Bassat Quique
- Basu Sanjay
- Baune Bernhard T.
- Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Ettore
- Behzadifar Masoud
- Behzadifar Meysam
- Bekele Bayu Begashaw
- Belachew Abate Bekele
- Belay Saba Abraham
- Belay Yihalem Abebe
- Bell Michelle L.
- Bello Aminu K.
- Bennett Derrick A.
- Bennett James R.
- Bensenor Isabela M.
- Berhe Derbew Fikadu
- Bernabé Eduardo
- Bernstein Robert Steven
- Beuran Mircea
- Bhalla Ashish
- Bhatt Paurvi
- Bhaumik Soumyadeep
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A.
- Biadgo Belete
- Bijani Ali
- Bikbov Boris
- Birungi Charles
- Biryukov Stan
- Bizuneh Hailemichael
- Blancas Maria Jesus Rios
- Bolliger Ian W.
- Bolt Kaylin
- Bou-Orm Ibrahim R.
- Bozorgmehr Kayvan
- Brady Oliver Jerome
- Brazinova Alexandra
- Breitborde Nicholas J. K.
- Brenner Hermann
- Britton Gabrielle
- Brugha Traolach S.
- Butt Zahid A.
- Bärnighausen Till
- Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero
- Campos-Nonato Ismael Ricardo
- Campuzano Julio Cesar
- Car Josip
- Car Mate
- Carrero Juan Jesus
- Carvalho Felix
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A.
- Castillo Rivas Jacqueline
- Catalá-López Ferrán
- Cercy Kelly
- Chalek Julian
- Chang Hsing-Yi
- Chang Jung-Chen
- Chattopadhyay Aparajita
- Chaturvedi Pankaj
- Chiang Peggy Pei-Chia
- Chisumpa Vesper Hichilombwe
- Choi Jee-Young J.
- Christensen Hanne
- Christopher Devasahayam Jesudas
- Chung Sheng-Chia
- Ciobanu Liliana G.
- Cirillo Massimo
- Colombara Danny
- Conti Sara
- Cooper Cyrus
- Cornaby Leslie
- Cortesi Paolo Angelo
- Cortinovis Monica
- Cousin Ewerton
- Criqui Michael H.
- Cromwell Elizabeth A.
- Crowe Christopher Stephen
- Crump John A.
- Cárdenas Rosario
- Daba Alemneh Kabeta
- Dachew Berihun Assefa
- Dadi Abel Fekadu
- Dandona Lalit
- Dandona Rakhi
- Dargan Paul I.
- Daryani Ahmad
- Daryani Maryam
- das Neves José
- Das Jai
- Das Siddharth Kumar
- Davis Weaver Nicole
- Davletov Kairat
- de Courten Barbora
- De Leo Diego
- De Neve Jan-Walter
- Dellavalle Robert P.
- Demoz Gebre
- Deribe Kebede
- Des Jarlais Don C.
- Dey Subhojit
- Dharmaratne Samath D.
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Doku David Teye
- Dolan Kate
- Dorsey E. Ray
- dos Santos Kadine Priscila Bender
- Doyle Kerrie E.
- Driscoll Tim R.
- Dubey Manisha
- Dubljanin Eleonora
- Duncan Bruce Bartholow
- Echko Michelle
- Edessa Dumessa
- Edvardsson David
- Ehrlich Joshua R.
- El-Khatib Ziad
- Eldrenkamp Erika
- Endres Matthias
- Endries Aman Yesuf
- Eshrati Babak
- Eskandarieh Sharareh
- Esteghamati Alireza
- Fakhar Mahdi
- Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi
- Farag Tamer
- Faramarzi Mahbobeh
- Faraon Emerito Jose Aquino
- Faro André
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fatusi Adesegun
- Fazeli Mir Sohail
- Feigin Valery L.
- Feigl Andrea B.
- Fentahun Netsanet
- Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad
- Fernandes Eduarda
- Fernandes João C.
- Fijabi Daniel Obadare
- Filip Irina
- Fischer Florian
- Fitzmaurice Christina
- Flaxman Abraham D.
- Flor Luisa Sorio
- Foigt Nataliya
- Foreman Kyle J.
- Frostad Joseph J.
- Fullman Nancy
- Futran Neal D.
- Fürst Thomas
- Gakidou Emmanuela
- Gallus Silvano
- Gambashidze Ketevan
- Gamkrelidze Amiran
- Ganji Morsaleh
- Gebre Abadi Kahsu
- Gebrehiwot Tsegaye Tewelde
- Gebremedhin Amanuel Tesfay
- Gelaw Yalemzewod Assefa
- Geleijnse Johanna M.
- Geremew Demeke
- Gething Peter W.
- Ghadimi Reza
- Ghasemi-Kasman Maryam
- Gill Paramjit Singh
- Giref Ababi Zergaw
- Giroud Maurice
- Gishu Melkamu Dedefo
- Giussani Giorgia
- Godwin William W.
- Goli Srinivas
- Gomez-Dantes Hector
- Gona Philimon N.
- Goodridge Amador
- Gopalani Sameer Vali
- Goryakin Yevgeniy
- Goulart Alessandra Carvalho
- Grada Ayman
- Griswold Max
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gugnani Harish Chander
- Guo Yuming
- Gupta Rahul
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gupta Tanush
- Gupta Tarun
- Gupta Vipin
- Haagsma Juanita A.
- Hachinski Vladimir
- Hafezi-Nejad Nima
- Hailu Gessessew Bugssa
- Hamadeh Randah Ribhi
- Hamidi Samer
- Hankey Graeme J.
- Harb Hilda L.
- Harewood Heather C.
- Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai
- Haro Josep Maria
- Hassen Hamid Yimam
- Havmoeller Rasmus
- Hawley Caitlin
- Hay Simon I.
- He Jiawei
- Hearps Stephen J. C.
- Hegazy Mohamed I.
- Heibati Behzad
- Heidari Mohsen
- Hendrie Delia
- Henry Nathaniel J.
- Herrera Ballesteros Victor Hugo
- Herteliu Claudiu
- Hibstu Desalegn Tsegaw
- Hiluf Molla Kahssay
- Hoek Hans W.
- Homaie Rad Enayatollah
- Horita Nobuyuki
- Hosgood H. Dean
- Hosseini Mostafa
- Hosseini Seyed Reza
- Hostiuc Mihaela
- Hostiuc Sorin
- Hoy Damian G.
- Hsairi Mohamed
- Htet Aung Soe
- Hu Guoqing
- Huang John J.
- Iburg Kim Moesgaard
- Idris Fachmi
- Igumbor Ehimario Uche
- Ikeda Chad
- Ileanu Bogdan Vasile
- Ilesanmi Olayinka S.
- Innos Kaire
- Irvani Seyed Sina Naghibi
- Irvine Caleb M. S.
- Islami Farhad
- Jacobs Troy A.
- Jacobsen Kathryn H.
- Jahanmehr Nader
- Jain Rajesh
- Jain Sudhir Kumar
- Jakovljevic Mihajlo M.
- Jalu Moti Tolera
- Jamal Amr A.
- Javanbakht Mehdi
- Jayatilleke Achala Upendra
- Jeemon Panniyammakal
- Jha Ravi Prakash
- Jha Vivekanand
- John Oommen
- Johnson Sarah Charlotte
- Jonas Jost B.
- Joshua Vasna
- Józwiak Jacek
- Jürisson Mikk
- Kabir Zubair
- Kadel Rajendra
- Kahsay Amaha
- Kalani Rizwan
- Kar Chittaranjan
- Karanikolos Marina
- Karch André
- Karema Corine Kakizi
- Karimi Seyed M.
- Kasaeian Amir
- Kassa Dessalegn Haile
- Kassa Getachew Mullu
- Kassa Tesfaye Dessale
- Kassebaum Nicholas J.
- Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal
- Kaul Anil
- Kawakami Norito
- Kazanjan Konstantin
- Kebede Seifu
- Keiyoro Peter Njenga
- Kemp Grant Rodgers
- Kengne Andre Pascal
- Kereselidze Maia
- Ketema Ezra Belay
- Khader Yousef Saleh
- Khafaie Morteza Abdullatif
- Khajavi Alireza
- Khalil Ibrahim A.
- Khan Ejaz Ahmad
- Khan Gulfaraz
- Khan Md Nuruzzaman
- Khan Muhammad Ali
- Khanal Mukti Nath
- Khang Young-Ho
- Khater Mona M.
- Khoja Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah
- Khosravi Ardeshir
- Khubchandani Jagdish
- Kiadaliri Aliasghar Ahmad
- Kibret Getiye Dejenu
- Kiirithio Daniel Ngari
- Kim Daniel
- Kim Yun Jin
- Kimokoti Ruth W.
- Kinfu Yohannes
- Kinra Sanjay
- Kisa Adnan
- Kissoon Niranjan
- Kochhar Sonali
- Kokubo Yoshihiro
- Kopec Jacek A.
- Kosen Soewarta
- Koul Parvaiz A.
- Koyanagi Ai
- Kravchenko Michael
- Krishan Kewal
- Krohn Kristopher J.
- Kuate Defo Barthelemy
- Kumar G. Anil
- Kumar Pushpendra
- Kutz Michael
- Kuzin Igor
- Kyu Hmwe H.
- Lad Deepesh Pravinkumar
- Lafranconi Alessandra
- Lal Dharmesh Kumar
- Lalloo Ratilal
- Lam Hilton
- Lan Qing
- Lang Justin J.
- Lansingh Van C.
- Lansky Sonia
- Larsson Anders
- Latifi Arman
- Lazarus Jeffrey Victor
- Leasher Janet L.
- Lee Paul H.
- Legesse Yirga
- Leigh James
- Leshargie Cheru Tesema
- Leta Samson
- Leung Janni
- Leung Ricky
- Levi Miriam
- Li Yongmei
- Liang Juan
- Liben Misgan Legesse
- Lim Lee-Ling
- Lim Stephen S.
- Lind Margaret
- Linn Shai
- Listl Stefan
- Liu Patrick Y.
- Liu Shiwei
- Lodha Rakesh
- Lopez Alan D.
- Lorch Scott A.
- Lorkowski Stefan
- Lotufo Paulo A.
- Lozano Rafael
- Lucas Timothy C. D.
- Lunevicius Raimundas
- Lurton Grégoire
- Lyons Ronan A.
- Maalouf Fadi
- Macarayan King
- Mackay Mark T.
- Maddison Emilie R.
- Madotto Fabiana
- Magdy Abd El Razek Hassan
- Magdy Abd El Razek Mohammed
- Majdan Marek
- Majdzadeh Reza
- Majeed Azeem
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malhotra Rajesh
- Malta Deborah Carvalho
- Mamun Abdullah A.
- Manguerra Helena
- Manhertz Treh
- Mansournia Mohammad Ali
- Mantovani Lorenzo G.
- Manyazewal Tsegahun
- Mapoma Chabila C.
- Margono Christopher
- Martinez-Raga Jose
- Martins Sheila Cristina Ouriques
- Martins-Melo Francisco Rogerlândio
- Martopullo Ira
- Massenburg Benjamin Ballard
- Mathur Manu Raj
- Maulik Pallab K.
- Mazidi Mohsen
- McAlinden Colm
- McGrath John J.
- McKee Martin
- Mehata Suresh
- Mehrotra Ravi
- Mehta Kala M.
- Mehta Varshil
- Meier Toni
- Mejia-Rodriguez Fabiola
- Meles Kidanu Gebremariam
- Melku Mulugeta
- Memiah Peter
- Memish Ziad A.
- Mendoza Walter
- Mengiste Degu Abate
- Mengistu Desalegn Tadese
- Menota Bereket Gebremichael
- Mensah George A.
- Meretoja Atte
- Meretoja Tuomo J.
- Mezgebe Haftay Berhane
- Miazgowski Tomasz
- Micha Renata
- Milam Robert
- Millear Anoushka
- Miller Ted R.
- Mini G. K.
- Minnig Shawn
- Mirica Andreea
- Mirrakhimov Erkin M.
- Misganaw Awoke
- Mitchell Philip B.
- Mlashu Fitsum Weldegebreal
- Moazen Babak
- Mohammad Karzan Abdulmuhsin
- Mohammadibakhsh Roghayeh
- Mohammed A. Mohammed
- Mohammed Ebrahim
- Mohammed Shafiu
- Mokdad Ali H.
- Mola Glen Liddell D.
- Molokhia Mariam
- Momeniha Fatemeh
- Monasta Lorenzo
- Montañez Hernandez Julio Cesar
- Moosazadeh Mahmood
- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
- Moraga Paula
- Morawska Lidia
- Moreno Velasquez Ilais
- Mori Rintaro
- Morrison Shane D.
- Moses Mark
- Mousavi Seyyed Meysam
- Mueller Ulrich O.
- Murhekar Manoj
- Murray Christopher J. L.
- Murthy Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana
- Murthy Srinivas
- Musa Jonah
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Mustafa Ghulam
- Muthupandian Saravanan
- März Winfried
- Nagata Chie
- Nagel Gabriele
- Naghavi Mohsen
- Naheed Aliya
- Naik Gurudatta A.
- Naik Nitish
- Najafi Farid
- Naldi Luigi
- Nangia Vinay
- Nansseu Jobert Richie Njingang
- Narayan K. M. Venkat
- Nascimento Bruno Ramos
- Negoi Ionut
- Negoi Ruxandra Irina
- Newton Charles R.
- Ngunjiri Josephine Wanjiku
- Nguyen Grant
- Nguyen Long
- Nguyen Trang Huyen
- Nichols Emma
- Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini
- Nolte Ellen
- Nong Vuong Minh
- Norheim Ole F.
- Norrving Bo
- Noubiap Jean Jacques N.
- Nyandwi Alypio
- Obermeyer Carla Makhlouf
- Ofori-Asenso Richard
- Ogbo Felix Akpojene
- Oh In-Hwan
- Oladimeji Olanrewaju
- Olagunju Andrew Toyin
- Olagunju Tinuke Oluwasefunmi
- Olivares Pedro R.
- Oliveira Patricia Pereira Vasconcelos de
- Olsen Helen E.
- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Olusanya Jacob Olusegun
- Ong Kanyin
- Opio John Nelson
- Oren Eyal
- Ortega-Altamirano Doris V.
- Ortiz Alberto
- Ozdemir Raziye
- Pa Mahesh
- Pain Amanda W.
- Palone Marcos Roberto Tovani
- Pana Adrian
- Panda-Jonas Songhomitra
- Pandian Jeyaraj D.
- Park Eun-Kee
- Parsian Hadi
- Patel Tejas
- Pati Sanghamitra
- Patil Snehal T.
- Patle Ajay
- Patton George C.
- Paturi Vishnupriya Rao
- Paudel Deepak
- Pedroso Marcel de Moares
- Pedroza Sandra P.
- Pereira Alexandre Costa
- Pereira David M.
- Perico Norberto
- Peterson Hannah
- Petzold Max
- Peykari Niloofar
- Phillips Michael Robert
- Piel Frédéric B.
- Pigott David M.
- Pillay Julian David
- Piradov Michael A.
- Polinder Suzanne
- Pond Constance D.
- Postma Maarten J.
- Pourmalek Farshad
- Prakash Swayam
- Prakash V.
- Prasad Narayan
- Prasad Noela Marie
- Purcell Caroline
- Qorbani Mostafa
- Quintana Hedley Knewjen
- Rachelle Erlyn
- Radfar Amir
- Rafay Anwar
- Rafiei Alireza
- Rahimi Kazem
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rahman Sajjad Ur
- Rai Rajesh Kumar
- Raju Sree Bhushan
- Ram Usha
- Rana Saleem M.
- Rankin Zane
- Rasella Davide
- Rawaf David Laith
- Rawaf Salman
- Ray Sarah E.
- Razo-García Christian Aspacia
- Reddy Priscilla
- Reiner Robert C.
- Reis Cesar
- Reitsma Marissa B.
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renzaho Andre M. N.
- Resnikoff Serge
- Rezaei Satar
- Rezai Mohammad Sadegh
- Ribeiro Antonio L.
- Rivera Juan A.
- Roever Leonardo
- Ronfani Luca
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Rostami Ali
- Roth Gregory A.
- Rothenbacher Dietrich
- Roy Ambuj
- Roy Nobhojit
- Ruhago George Mugambage
- Sabde Yogesh Damodar
- Sachdev Perminder S.
- Sadat Nafis
- Safdarian Mahdi
- Safiri Saeid
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Sajadi Haniye Sadat
- Salama Joseph
- Salamati Payman
- Saldanha Raphael de Freitas
- Salimzadeh Hamideh
- Salomon Joshua A.
- Samy Abdallah M.
- Sanabria Juan Ramon
- Sancheti Parag K.
- Sanchez-Niño Maria Dolores
- Santomauro Damian
- Santos Itamar S.
- Santric Milicevic Milena M.
- Sarker Abdur Razzaque
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sartorius Benn
- Satpathy Maheswar
- Savic Miloje
- Sawhney Monika
- Saxena Sonia
- Saylan Mete I.
- Schaeffner Elke
- Schmidhuber Josef
- Schmidt Maria Inês
- Schneider Ione J. C.
- Schumacher Austin E.
- Schutte Aletta E.
- Schwebel David C.
- Schwendicke Falk
- Sekerija Mario
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Servan-Mori Edson E.
- Shafieesabet Azadeh
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shakh-Nazarova Marina
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Sharafi Heidar
- Sharif-Alhoseini Mahdi
- Shariful Islam Sheikh Mohammed
- Sharma Meenakshi
- Sharma Rajesh
- She Jun
- Sheikh Aziz
- Shfare Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin
- Shi Peilin
- Shields Chloe
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shinohara Yukito
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shiue Ivy
- Shrime Mark G.
- Shukla Sharvari Rahul
- Siabani Soraya
- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Silberberg Donald H.
- Silva Diego Augusto Santos
- Silva João Pedro
- Silveira Dayane Gabriele Alves
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Singh Lavanya
- Singh Narinder Pal
- Singh Virendra
- Sinha Dhirendra Narain
- Sinke Abiy Hiruye
- Sisay Mekonnen
- Skirbekk Vegard
- Sliwa Karen
- Smith Alison
- Soares Filho Adauto Martins
- Sobaih Badr H. A.
- Somai Melek
- Soneji Samir
- Soofi Moslem
- Sorensen Reed J. D.
- Soriano Joan B.
- Soyiri Ireneous N.
- Sposato Luciano A.
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T.
- Srinivasan Vinay
- Stanaway Jeffrey D.
- Stathopoulou Vasiliki
- Steel Nicholas
- Stein Dan J.
- Stokes Mark Andrew
- Sturua Lela
- Sufiyan Muawiyyah Babale
- Suliankatchi Rizwan Abdulkader
- Sunguya Bruno F.
- Sur Patrick J.
- Sykes Bryan L.
- Sylaja P. N.
- Szoeke Cassandra E. I.
- Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
- Tadesse Andualem Henok
- Taffere Getachew Redae
- Tandon Nikhil
- Tariku Tariku Amare
- Taveira Nuno
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Temam Shifa Girma
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman
- Tesema Azeb Gebresilassie
- Tesfaye Dawit Jember
- Tessema Belay
- Thakur J. S.
- Thomas Nihal
- Thompson Matthew J.
- Tillmann Taavi
- To Quyen G.
- Tobe-Gai Ruoyan
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Topouzis Fotis
- Torre Anna
- Tortajada Miguel
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Tran Khanh Bao
- Tripathi Avnish
- Tripathy Srikanth Prasad
- Troeger Christopher
- Truelsen Thomas
- Tsoi Derrick
- Tudor Car Lorainne
- Tuem Kald Beshir
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Uchendu Uche S.
- Ukwaja Kingsley Nnanna
- Ullah Irfan
- Updike Rachel
- Uthman Olalekan A.
- Uzochukwu Benjamin S. Chudi
- Valdez Pascual Rubén
- van Boven Job F. M.
- Varughese Santosh
- Vasankari Tommi
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Violante Francesco S.
- Vladimirov Sergey K.
- Vlassov Vasiliy Victorovich
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vos Theo
- Wagnew Fasil
- Waheed Yasir
- Wallin Mitchell T.
- Walson Judd L.
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Wassie Molla Mesele
- Weaver Marcia R.
- Weiderpass Elisabete
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Weiss Jordan
- Weldegwergs Kidu Gidey
- Werdecker Andrea
- West T. Eoin
- Westerman Ronny
- White Richard G.
- Whiteford Harvey A.
- Widecka Justyna
- Winkler Andrea Sylvia
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wolfe Charles D. A.
- Wondimkun Yohanes Ayele
- Workicho Abdulhalik
- Wyper Grant M. A.
- Xavier Denis
- Xu Gelin
- Yan Lijing L.
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yearwood Jamal
- Yimer Nigus Bililign
- Yin Peng
- Yip Paul
- Yirsaw Biruck Desalegn
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yonga Gerald
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- Yotebieng Marcel
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zaidi Zoubida
- Zaki Maysaa El Sayed
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zenebe Zerihun Menlkalew
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Jun
- Zimsen Stephanie R. M.
- Zipkin Ben
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Zuhlke Liesl Joanna
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Background: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97\ub71 (95% UI 95\ub78-98\ub71) in Iceland, followed by 96\ub76 (94\ub79-97\ub79) in Norway and 96\ub71 (94\ub75-97\ub73) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18\ub76 (13\ub71-24\ub74) in the Central African Republic, 19\ub70 (14\ub73-23\ub77) in Somalia, and 23\ub74 (20\ub72-26\ub78) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91\ub75 (89\ub71-93\ub76) in Beijing to 48\ub70 (43\ub74-53\ub72) in Tibet (a 43\ub75-point difference), while India saw a 30\ub78-point disparity, from 64\ub78 (59\ub76-68\ub78) in Goa to 34\ub70 (30\ub73-38\ub71) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4\ub78-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20\ub79-point to 17\ub70-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17\ub72-point to 20\ub74-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle- SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view-and subsequent provision-of quality health care for all populations
Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: A systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- Author
- Abay Solomon M
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdela Jemal
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abebe Zegeye
- Abebo Teshome Abuka
- Aboyans Victor
- Abraha Haftom Niguse
- Abreu Daisy M X
- Abu-Raddad Laith J
- Adane Akilew Awoke
- Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji
- Adetokunboh Olatunji
- Adhikari Tara Ballav
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Agius Dominic
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agrawal Sutapa
- Ahmad Kiadaliri Aliasghar
- Aichour Miloud Taki Eddine
- Akibu Mohammed
- Akinyemi Rufus Olusola
- Akinyemiju Tomi F
- Akseer Nadia
- Al Lami Faris Hasan
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Eyadhy Ayman
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Tahiya
- Alasfoor Deena
- Albittar Mohammed I
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Ali Syed Danish
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Aljunid Syed M
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Allen Christine
- Alomari Mahmoud A
- Alsharif Ubai
- Altirkawi Khalid A
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Amare Azmeraw T
- Amenu Kebede
- Ammar Walid
- Amoako Yaw Ampem
- Anber Nahla
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Androudi Sofia
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T
- Araújo Valdelaine E M
- Aremu Olatunde
- Artaman Al
- Aryal Krishna Kumar
- Asayesh Hamid
- Asfaw Ephrem Tsegay
- Asgedom Solomon Weldegebreal
- Asghar Rana Jawad
- Ashebir Mengistu Mitiku
- Asseffa Netsanet Abera
- Atey Tesfay Mehari
- Atre Sachin R
- Atteraya Madhu S
- Avila-Burgos Leticia
- Avokpaho Euripide Frinel G Arthur
- Awasthi Ashish
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayalew Animut Alebel
- Ayele Henok Tadesse
- Ayer Rakesh
- Ayuk Tambe Betrand
- Azzopardi Peter
- Azzopardi-Muscat Natasha
- Babalola Tesleem Kayode
- Badali Hamid
- Badawi Alaa
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- Barquera Simon
- Barrero Lope H
- Bassat Quique
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- Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Ettore
- Behzadifar Masoud
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- Dubey Manisha
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- Eldrenkamp Erika
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- Sharma Meenakshi
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- Sheikh Aziz
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- Werdecker Andrea
- West T Eoin
- Westerman Ronny
- White Richard G
- Whiteford Harvey A
- Widecka Justyna
- Winkler Andrea Sylvia
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wolfe Charles DA
- Wondimkun Yohanes Ayele
- Workicho Abdulhalik
- Wyper Grant M A
- Xavier Denis
- Xu Gelin
- Yan Lijing L
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yearwood Jamal
- Yimer Nigus Bililign
- Yin Peng
- Yip Paul
- Yirsaw Biruck Desalegn
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yonga Gerald
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- Yotebieng Marcel
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zaidi Zoubida
- Zaki Maysaa El Sayed
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zenebe Zerihun Menlkalew
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zhu Jun
- Zimsen Stephanie R M
- Zipkin Ben
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Zuhlke Liesl Joanna
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. Background A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. Methods Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita. Findings In 2016, HAQ Index performance spanned from a high of 97·1 (95% UI 95·8-98·1) in Iceland, followed by 96·6 (94·9-97·9) in Norway and 96·1 (94·5-97·3) in the Netherlands, to values as low as 18·6 (13·1-24·4) in the Central African Republic, 19·0 (14·3-23·7) in Somalia, and 23·4 (20·2-26·8) in Guinea-Bissau. The pace of progress achieved between 1990 and 2016 varied, with markedly faster improvements occurring between 2000 and 2016 for many countries in sub-Saharan Africa and southeast Asia, whereas several countries in Latin America and elsewhere saw progress stagnate after experiencing considerable advances in the HAQ Index between 1990 and 2000. Striking subnational disparities emerged in personal health-care access and quality, with China and India having particularly large gaps between locations with the highest and lowest scores in 2016. In China, performance ranged from 91·5 (89·1-93·6) in Beijing to 48·0 (43·4-53·2) in Tibet (a 43·5-point difference), while India saw a 30·8-point disparity, from 64·8 (59·6-68·8) in Goa to 34·0 (30·3-38·1) in Assam. Japan recorded the smallest range in subnational HAQ performance in 2016 (a 4·8-point difference), whereas differences between subnational locations with the highest and lowest HAQ Index values were more than two times as high for the USA and three times as high for England. State-level gaps in the HAQ Index in Mexico somewhat narrowed from 1990 to 2016 (from a 20·9-point to 17·0-point difference), whereas in Brazil, disparities slightly increased across states during this time (a 17·2-point to 20·4-point difference). Performance on the HAQ Index showed strong linkages to overall development, with high and high-middle SDI countries generally having higher scores and faster gains for non-communicable diseases. Nonetheless, countries across the development spectrum saw substantial gains in some key health service areas from 2000 to 2016, most notably vaccine-preventable diseases. Overall, national performance on the HAQ Index was positively associated with higher levels of total health spending per capita, as well as health systems inputs, but these relationships were quite heterogeneous, particularly among low-to-middle SDI countries. Interpretation GBD 2016 provides a more detailed understanding of past success and current challenges in improving personal health-care access and quality worldwide. Despite substantial gains since 2000, many low-SDI and middle- SDI countries face considerable challenges unless heightened policy action and investments focus on advancing access to and quality of health care across key health services, especially non-communicable diseases. Stagnating or minimal improvements experienced by several low-middle to high-middle SDI countries could reflect the complexities of re-orienting both primary and secondary health-care services beyond the more limited foci of the Millennium Development Goals. Alongside initiatives to strengthen public health programmes, the pursuit of universal health coverage hinges upon improving both access and quality worldwide, and thus requires adopting a more comprehensive view - and subsequent provision - of quality health care for all populations
Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.
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- A Mensah
- A Singh
- A Sobaih
- A Whiteford
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- Netsanet Abera
- Netsanet Fentahun
- Neve Robert
- Ngari Kiirithio
- Ngunjiri
- Nguyen
- Nicholas J
- Nicholas Steel
- Nicole Davis
- Nigus Bililign
- Nihal Thomas
- Nikhil Tandon
- Niloofar Peykari
- Nima Hafezi-Nejad
- Niranjan Kissoon
- Nitish Naik
- Nizal Sarrafzadegan
- Njingang Nansseu
- Nnanna Ukwaja
- Nobhojit Roy
- Nobuyuki Horita
- Noela Marie
- Nong Ole
- Norberto Perico
- Norito Kawakami
- Nuno Taveira
- O Mueller
- Obadare Fijabi
- Obermeyer
- Ogbo
- Olagunju Tinuke
- Olalekan A
- Olanrewaju Oladimeji
- Olatunde Aremu
- Olatunji Adetokunboh
- Olivares Patricia
- Oliver Jerome
- Olsen Bolajoko
- Olubukunola Olusanya
- Olusanya
- Oluwasefunmi Olagunju
- Oommen John
- Opio
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- Pankaj Chaturvedi
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- Parvaiz A
- Patil
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- Patton Vishnupriya
- Paul H
- Paul I
- Paul Yip
- Paula Moraga
- Paulo A
- Paurvi Bhatt
- Payman Salamati
- Pedro R
- Pedroza David
- Peggy Pei-Chia
- Peilin Shi
- Peng Yin
- Pereira
- Pereira Vasconcelos
- Perminder S
- Peter Allebeck
- Peter Azzopardi
- Peter Memiah
- Peter Njenga
- Peter W
- Philimon N
- Philip B
- Phillips Frédéric
- Pigott Julian
- Piradov
- Pond Maarten
- Prasad
- Pravinkumar Lad
- Priscila Bender
- Priscilla Reddy
- Pushpendra Kumar
- Qing Lan
- Quintana
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- Quyen G
- R Bennett
- R Driscoll
- R Maddison
- R Newton
- R Weaver
- Rachel Updike
- Rafael Lozano.
- Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos
- Rahman Sajjad
- Rahman Shiri
- Rahul Gupta
- Rahul Shukla
- Rai Sree
- Raimundas Lunevicius
- Raj Mathur
- Rajaa Al-Raddadi
- Rajeev Gupta
- Rajendra Kadel
- Rajesh Jain
- Rajesh Kumar
- Rajesh Malhotra
- Rajesh Sagar
- Rajesh Sharma
- Rakesh Ayer
- Rakesh Lodha
- Rakhi Dandona
- Rana
- Rana Jawad
- Rao Paturi
- Raphael De
- Rasmus Havmoeller
- Ratilal Lalloo
- Ravi Mehrotra
- Ravi Prakash
- Rawaf
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- Razek Mohammed
- Raziye Ozdemir
- Razzaque Sarker
- Reed J
- Reiner
- Reitsma
- Renata Micha
- Reza Ghadimi
- Reza Majdzadeh
- Reza Malekzadeh
- Reza Shirkoohi
- Rezai Antonio
- Ribhi Hamadeh
- Richard G
- Richard Ofori-Asenso
- Ricky Leung
- Rintaro Mori
- Rios Blancas
- Rivera
- Rizwan Kalani
- Robert C
- Robert G
- Robert Milam
- Robert Steven
- Roberto Tovani
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- Roghayeh Mohammadibakhsh
- Roman Topor-Madry
- Ronan A
- Ronny Westerman
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- Rubén Valdez
- Rufus Olusola
- Ruhago Yogesh
- Ruoyan Tobe-Gai
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- Ryan M
- S Atteraya
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- S Irvine
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- Sachdev
- Sachin R
- Sadaf G
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- Sahraian Haniye
- Saleem M
- Saleh Khader
- Salman Rawaf
- Salomon Abdallah
- Samath D
- Sameer Vali
- Samer Hamidi
- Samir Soneji
- Samson Leta
- Sanabria Parag
- Sanchez-Niño
- Sandra P
- Sanghamitra Pati
- Sanjay Basu
- Sanjay Kinra
- Sanjay Zodpey
- Santos Milena
- Santos Silva
- Santosh Kumar
- Santosh Varughese
- Sara Conti
- Sarah Charlotte
- Sarah E
- Saravanan Muthupandian
- Satar Rezaei
- Satyanarayana Murthy
- Sayed Zaki
- Saylan
- Schmidt Ione
- Schneider Austin
- Schutte David
- Seifu Kebede
- Seok-Jun Yoon
- Sepanlou Edson
- Serge Resnikoff
- Seyed Reza
- Seyed Sina
- Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
- Seyyed Meysam
- Shafiu Mohammed
- Shahrzad Bazargan-Hejazi
- Shai Linn
- Shaikh
- Shane D
- Sharareh Eskandarieh
- Shariful Islam
- Shawn Minnig
- Sheikh Mohammed
- Sheila Cristina
- Sheng-Chia Chung
- Shey Wiysonge
- Shfare
- Shifa
- Shirin Djalalinia
- Shiwei Liu
- Shrime Sharvari
- Siddharth Kumar
- Sigfusdottir Donald
- Silva Dayane
- Silvano Gallus
- Silveira Jasvinder
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- Simon I
- Singh
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- Sivadasanpillai Harikrishnan
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- Sonali Kochhar
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- Sonia Saxena
- Soraya Siabani
- Soriano Ireneous
- Sorin Hostiuc
- Sorio Flor
- Soumyadeep Bhaumik
- Sposato Chandrashekhar
- Srikanth Prasad
- Srinivas Goli
- Srinivas Murthy
- Srinivasa Vittal
- Stan Biryukov
- Stanaway
- Stefan Listl
- Stefan Lorkowski
- Stefanos Tyrovolas
- Stein Mark
- Stephanie R
- Stephen J
- Stephen S
- Subhojit Dey
- Sudhir Kumar
- Sufiyan Rizwan
- Sunguya Patrick
- Suresh Mehata
- Sutapa Agrawal
- Suzanne L
- Suzanne Polinder
- Swayam Prakash
- Syed Danish
- Syed M
- Sykes P
- T Antonio
- T Eoin
- T Sreeramareddy
- Taavi Tillmann
- Tadakamadla Andualem
- Tadese Mengistu
- Tadesse Ayele
- Taffere
- Tahiya Alam
- Taki Eddine
- Tambe Betrand
- Tamer Farag
- Tanush Gupta
- Tara Ballav
- Tariku
- Tarun Gupta
- Tawfih Abdullah
- Ted R
- Tejas Patel
- Terkawi Azeb
- Tesfaye
- Tesfaye Dessale
- Teshome Abuka
- Tesleem Kayode
- Tewelde Gebrehiwot
- Theo Vos
- Thomas Fürst
- Thomas Truelsen
- Thompson
- Till Bärnighausen
- To
- Tomasz Miazgowski
- Tommi Vasankari
- Toni Meier
- Tran Khanh
- Trang Huyen
- Traolach S
- Treh Manhertz
- Tripathy
- Troy A
- Tsegahun Manyazewal
- Tuomo J
- Ubai Alsharif
- Uche S
- Uchendu Kingsley
- Ur Rahman
- Usha Ram
- Uthman Benjamin
- Uzochukwu Pascual
- V Prakash
- Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Valdelaine E
- Varshil Mehta
- Vasiliki Stathopoulou
- Vasiliy Victorovich
- Vasna Joshua
- Vegard Skirbekk
- Velasquez
- Venkat Narayan
- Vesna Zadnik
- Victor Aboyans
- Vinay Nangia
- Vinay Srinivasan
- Violante Sergey
- Vipin Gupta
- Virendra Singh
- Vivekanand Jha
- Vladimir Hachinski
- Vlassov Stein
- Vuong Minh
- W Kimokoti
- Walid Ammar
- Wallin Judd
- Walter Mendoza
- Wassie Marcia
- Weaver
- Weintraub
- Weldegebreal Asgedom
- Weldegebreal Mlashu
- Weldegwergs
- West
- White Harvey
- William W
- Winfried März
- Winkler Charles
- Wondimkun
- Yafeng Wang
- Yan
- Yasir Waheed
- Yaw Ampem
- Yevgeniy Goryakin
- Yimam Hassen
- Yimer
- Yirga Legesse
- Yirsaw
- Yohanes Ayele
- Yohannes Kinfu
- Yongmei Li
- Yoshihiro Kokubo
- Young-Ho Khang
- Younis
- Yuan-Pang Wang
- Yuichiro Yano
- Yukito Shinohara
- Yuming Guo
- Yun Jin
- Zaman
- Zane Rankin
- Zegeye Abebe
- Zenebe
- Zergaw Giref
- Zerihun Menlkalew
- Ziad A
- Ziad El-Khatib
- Ziyad Al-Aly
- Zoubida Zaidi
- Zubair Kabir
- Zuhlke Christopher
- Zulfiqar A
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: A key component of achieving universal health coverage is ensuring that all populations have access to quality health care. Examining where gains have occurred or progress has faltered across and within countries is crucial to guiding decisions and strategies for future improvement. We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2016 (GBD 2016) to assess personal health-care access and quality with the Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index for 195 countries and territories, as well as subnational locations in seven countries, from 1990 to 2016. METHODS: Drawing from established methods and updated estimates from GBD 2016, we used 32 causes from which death should not occur in the presence of effective care to approximate personal health-care access and quality by location and over time. To better isolate potential effects of personal health-care access and quality from underlying risk factor patterns, we risk-standardised cause-specific deaths due to non-cancers by location-year, replacing the local joint exposure of environmental and behavioural risks with the global level of exposure. Supported by the expansion of cancer registry data in GBD 2016, we used mortality-to-incidence ratios for cancers instead of risk-standardised death rates to provide a stronger signal of the effects of personal health care and access on cancer survival. We transformed each cause to a scale of 0-100, with 0 as the first percentile (worst) observed between 1990 and 2016, and 100 as the 99th percentile (best); we set these thresholds at the country level, and then applied them to subnational locations. We applied a principal components analysis to construct the HAQ Index using all scaled cause values, providing an overall score of 0-100 of personal health-care access and quality by location over time. We then compared HAQ Index levels and trends by quintiles on the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary measure of overall development. As derived from the broader GBD study and other data sources, we examined relationships between national HAQ Index scores and potential correlates of performance, such as total health spending per capita
Recommended from our members
Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
- Author
- Aali Amirali
- Ababneh Hazim S
- Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasgholizadeh Rouzbeh
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasian Mohammadreza
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd ElHafeez Samar
- Abd-Elsalam Sherief
- Abdelmasseh Michael
- Abdelwahab Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin
- Abdoun Meriem
- Abdulah Deldar Morad
- Abdullahi Auwal
- Abebe Mesfin
- Abebe Samrawit Shawel
- Abedi Aidin
- Abegaz Kedir Hussein
- Abhilash E S
- Abidi Hassan
- Abiodun Olumide
- Aboagye Richard Gyan
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abolmaali Meysam
- Abouzid Mohamed
- Aboye Girma Beressa
- Abreu Lucas Guimarães
- Abrha Woldu Aberhe
- Abtahi Dariush
- Abu Rumeileh Samir
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen ME
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Abualruz Hasan
- Abubakar Bilyaminu
- Aburuz Salahdein
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Adal Tadele Girum
- Adamu Abdu A
- Addo Isaac Yeboah
- Addolorato Giovanni
- Adebiyi Akindele Olupelumi
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adepoju Abiola Victor
- Adetunji Charles Oluwaseun
- Adetunji Juliana Bunmi
- Adeyeoluwa Temitayo Esther
- Adeyinka Daniel Adedayo
- Adeyomoye Olorunsola Israel
- Admass Biruk Adie Adie
- Adnani Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah
- Adra Saryia
- Afolabi Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika
- Afzal Muhammad Sohail
- Afzal Saira
- Agampodi Suneth Buddhika
- Agasthi Pradyumna
- Aggarwal Manik
- Aghamiri Shahin
- Agide Feleke Doyore
- Agodi Antonella
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agyemang-Duah Williams
- Ahinkorah Bright Opoku
- Ahmad Aqeel
- Ahmad Danish
- Ahmad Firdos
- Ahmad Muayyad M
- Ahmad Sajjad
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmadi Keivan
- Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud
- Ahmed Ali
- Ahmed Ayman
- Ahmed Haroon
- Ahmed Luai A
- Ahmed Mehrunnisha Sharif
- Ahmed Meqdad Saleh
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Syed Anees
- Ajami Marjan
- Aji Budi
- Akara Essona Matatom
- Akbarialiabad Hossein
- Akinosoglou Karolina
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akkaif Mohammed Ahmed
- Akyirem Samuel
- Al Hamad Hanadi
- Al Hasan Syed Mahfuz
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-amer Rasmieh Mustafa
- Al-Azzam Sayer
- Al-Gheethi Adel Ali Saeed
- Al-Hanawi Mohammed Khaled
- Al-Marwani Sabah
- Al-Maweri Sadeq Ali Ali
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Omari Basem
- Al-Sabah Salman Khalifah
- Al-Tawfiq Jaffar A
- Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed
- Alahdab Fares
- Alalalmeh Samer O
- Alalwan Tariq A
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Manjurul
- Alam Noore
- Alanezi Fahad Mashhour
- Alanzi Turki M
- Albakri Almaza
- Albashtawy Mohammed
- AlBataineh Mohammad T
- Alcalde-Rabanal Jacqueline Elizabeth
- Aldawsari Khalifah A
- Aldhaleei Wafa A
- Aldridge Robert W
- Alema Haileselasie Berhane
- Alemayohu Mulubirhan Assefa
- Alemi Sharifullah
- Alemu Yihun Mulugeta
- Alhabib Khalid F
- Alhalaiqa Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji
- Ali Abid
- Ali Amjad
- Ali Liaqat
- Ali Mohammed Usman
- Ali Rafat
- Ali Shahid
- Ali Syed Shujait Shujait
- Alicandro Gianfranco
- Alif Sheikh Mohammad
- Alikhani Reyhaneh
- Alimohamadi Yousef
- Aliyi Ahmednur Adem
- Aljasir Mohammad A M
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Almazan Joseph Uy
- Almidani Louay
- Almidani Omar
- Alomari Mahmoud A
- Alonso Jordi
- Alqahtani Jaber S
- Alqalyoobi Shehabaldin
- Alqutaibi Ahmed Yaseen
- Altaany Zaid
- Altaf Awais
- Altirkawi Khalid A
- Aluh Deborah Oyine
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- Alwafi Hassan
- Aly Hany
- Aly Safwat
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- Amani Reza
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- Ameyaw Edward Kwabena
- Amin Tarek Tawfik
- Amindarolzarbi Alireza
- Amiri Sohrab
- Amirzade-Iranaq Mohammad Hosein
- Amu Hubert
- Amugsi Dickson A
- Amusa Ganiyu Adeniyi
- Ancuceanu Robert
- Anderlini Deanna
- Anderson David B
- Andrade Pedro Prata
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Tudorel
- Angus Colin
- Anil Abhishek
- Anil Sneha
- Anoushiravani Amir
- Ansari Hossein
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Ansariadi Ansariadi
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- Antriyandarti Ernoiz
- Anvari Davood
- Anvari Saeid
- Anwar Saleha
- Anwar Sumadi Lukman
- Anwer Razique
- Anyasodor Anayochukwu Edward
- Aqeel Muhammad
- Arab Juan Pablo
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arafat Mosab
- Aravkin Aleksandr Y
- Areda Demelash
- Aremu Abdulfatai
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariffin Hany
- Arkew Mesay
- Armocida Benedetta
- Arndt Michael Benjamin
- Arooj Mahwish
- Artamonov Anton A
- Arulappan Judie
- Aruleba Raphael Taiwo
- Arumugam Ashokan
- Asaad Malke
- Asadi-Lari Mohsen
- Asgedom Akeza Awealom
- Asghari-Jafarabadi Mohammad
- Asghariahmadabad Mona
- Ashraf Muhammad
- Aslani Armin
- Astell-Burt Thomas
- Athar Mohammad
- Athari Seyyed Shamsadin
- Atinafu Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye
- Atlaw Habtamu Wondmagegn
- Atorkey Prince
- Atout Maha Moh'd Wahbi
- Atreya Alok
- Aujayeb Avinash
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avan Abolfazl
- Awedew Atalel Fentahun
- Aweke Amlaku Mulat
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayatollahi Haleh
- Ayuso-Mateos Jose L
- Ayyoubzadeh Seyed Mohammad
- Azadnajafabad Sina
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- Azzam Ahmed Y
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- Baghdadi Soroush
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- Bako Abdulaziz T
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- Baltatu Ovidiu Constantin
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- Banach Maciej
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- Banik Palash Chandra
- Bansal Hansi
- Bansal Kannu
- Barbic Franca
- Barchitta Martina
- Bardhan Mainak
- Bardideh Erfan
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barone-Adesi Francesco
- Barqawi Hiba Jawdat
- Barrero Lope H
- Barrow Amadou
- Barteit Sandra
- Barua Lingkan
- Basharat Zarrin
- Bashiri Azadeh
- Basiru Afisu
- Baskaran Pritish
- Basnyat Buddha
- Bassat Quique
- Basso João Diogo
- Basting Ann V L
- Basu Sanjay
- Batra Kavita
- Baune Bernhard T
- Bayati Mohsen
- Bayileyegn Nebiyou Simegnew
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- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Massimiliano
- Behboudi Emad
- Behera Priyamadhaba
- Behnoush Amir Hossein
- Behzadifar Masoud
- Beiranvand Maryam
- Bejarano Ramirez Diana Fernanda
- Belay Sefealem Assefa
- Belete Chalie Mulu
- Bell Michelle L
- Bello Muhammad Bashir
- Bello Olorunjuwon Omolaja
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- Bhagat Devidas S
- Bhagavathula Akshaya Srikanth
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhalla Ashish
- Bhandari Dinesh
- Bhangdia Kayleigh
- Bhardwaj Nikha
- Bhardwaj Pankaj
- Bhardwaj Prarthna V
- Bhargava Ashish
- Bhaskar Sonu
- Bhat Vivek
- Bhatti Gurjit Kaur
- Bhatti Jasvinder Singh
- Bhatti Manpreet S
- Bhatti Rajbir
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Bikbov Boris
- Bishai Jessica Devin
- Bisignano Catherine
- Bisulli Francesca
- Biswas Atanu
- Biswas Bijit
- Bitaraf Saeid
- Bitew Bikes Destaw
- Bitra Veera R
- Bjørge Tone
- Boachie Micheal Kofi
- Boampong Mary Sefa
- Bobirca Anca Vasilica
- Bodolica Virginia
- Bodunrin Aadam Olalekan
- Bogale Eyob Ketema
- Bogale Kassawmar Angaw
- Bohlouli Somayeh
- Bolarinwa Obasanjo Afolabi
- Boloor Archith
- Bonakdar Hashemi Milad
- Bonny Aime
- Bora Basara Berrak
- Bora Kaustubh
- Borhany Hamed
- Borzutzky Arturo
- Bouaoud Souad
- Boustany Antoine
- Boxe Christopher
- Boyko Edward J
- Brady Oliver J
- Braithwaite Dejana
- Brant Luisa C
- Brauer Michael
- Brazinova Alexandra
- Brazo-Sayavera Javier
- Breitborde Nicholas J K
- Breitner Susanne
- Brenner Hermann
- Briko Andrey Nikolaevich
- Briko Nikolay Ivanovich
- Britton Gabrielle
- Brown Julie
- Brugha Traolach
- Bulamu Norma B
- Bulto Lemma N
- Buonsenso Danilo
- Burns Richard A
- Busse Reinhard
- Bustanji Yasser
- Butt Nadeem Shafique
- Butt Zahid A
- Bärnighausen Till Winfried
- Béjot Yannick
- Caetano dos Santos Florentino Luciano
- Calina Daniela
- Campos Luciana Aparecida
- Campos-Nonato Ismael R
- Cao Chao
- Cao Yin
- Capodici Angelo
- Carr Sinclair
- Carreras Giulia
- Carrero Juan J
- Carugno Andrea
- Carvalheiro Cristina G
- Carvalho Felix
- Carvalho Márcia
- Castaldelli-Maia Joao Mauricio
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A
- Castelpietra Giulio
- Catalá-López Ferrán
- Catapano Alberico L
- Cattaruzza Maria Sofia
- Cederroth Christopher R
- Cegolon Luca
- Cembranel Francieli
- Cenderadewi Muthia
- Cercy Kelly M
- Cerin Ester
- Cevik Muge
- Chadwick Joshua
- Chahine Yaacoub
- Chakraborty Chiranjib
- Chakraborty Promit Ananyo
- Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai
- Chan Raymond N C
- Chandika Rama Mohan
- Chandrasekar Eeshwar K
- Chang Chin-Kuo
- Chang Jung-Chen
- Chanie Gashaw Sisay
- Charalampous Periklis
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chaturvedi Pankaj
- Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou Victoria
- Chaurasia Akhilanand
- Chen An-Tian
- Chen Angela W
- Chen Catherine S
- Chen Haowei
- Chen Meng Xuan
- Chen Simiao
- Cheng Ching-Yu
- Cheng Esther T W
- Cherbuin Nicolas
- Cheru Wondimye Ashenafi
- Chien Ju-Huei
- Chimed-Ochir Odgerel
- Chimoriya Ritesh
- Ching Patrick R
- Chirinos-Caceres Jesus Lorenzo
- Chitheer Abdulaal
- Cho William C S
- Chong Bryan
- Chopra Hitesh
- Choudhari Sonali Gajanan
- Chowdhury Rajiv
- Christopher Devasahayam J
- Chukwu Isaac Sunday
- Chung Eric
- Chung Erin
- Chung Eunice
- Chung Sheng-Chia
- Chutiyami Muhammad
- Cindi Zinhle
- Cioffi Iolanda
- Claassens Mareli M
- Claro Rafael M
- Coberly Kaleb
- Cogen Rebecca M
- Columbus Alyssa
- Comfort Haley
- Conde Joao
- Cortese Samuele
- Cortesi Paolo Angelo
- Costa Vera Marisa
- Costanzo Simona
- Cousin Ewerton
- Couto Rosa A S
- Cowden Richard G
- Cramer Kenneth Michael
- Criqui Michael H
- Cruz-Martins Natália
- Cuadra-Hernández Silvia Magali
- Culbreth Garland T
- Cullen Patricia
- Cunningham Matthew
- Curado Maria paula
- Cámera Luis Alberto
- Cárdenas Rosario
- D'Oria Mario
- Dadana Sriharsha
- Dadras Omid
- Dai Siyu
- Dai Xiaochen
- Dai Zhaoli
- Dalli Lachlan L
- Damiani Giovanni
- Darega Gela Jiregna
- Das Jai K
- Das Saswati
- Das Subasish
- Dascalu Ana Maria
- Dash Nihar Ranjan
- Dashti Mohsen
- Dastiridou Anna
- Davey Gail
- Davis Weaver Nicole
- Davletov Kairat
- De Leo Diego
- de Luca Katie
- Debele Aklilu Tamire
- Debopadhaya Shayom
- Degenhardt Louisa
- Dehghan Azizallah
- Deitesfeld Lee
- Del Bo' Cristian
- Delgado-Enciso Ivan
- Demessa Berecha Hundessa
- Demetriades Andreas K
- Deng Ke
- Deng Xinlei
- Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar
- Deravi Niloofar
- Dereje Nebiyu
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- Xu Yvonne Yiru
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yamagishi Kazumasa
- Yang Danting
- Yang Lin
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yao Yao
- Yaribeygi Habib
- Ye Pengpeng
- Yehualashet Sisay Shewasinad
- Yesiltepe Metin
- Yesuf Subah Abderehim
- Yezli Saber
- Yi Siyan
- Yigezu Amanuel
- Yip Paul
- Yismaw Malede Berihun
- Yismaw Yazachew
- Yiğit Arzu
- Yiğit Vahit
- Yon Dong Keon
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- You Yuyi
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yousefi Zabihollah
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Yong
- Yuh Faith H
- Zadey Siddhesh
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zafari Nima
- Zakham Fathiah
- Zaki Nazar
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamora Nelson
- Zand Ramin
- Zangiabadian Moein
- Zar Heather J
- Zare Iman
- Zarrintan Armin
- Zeariya Mohammed G M
- Zeinali Zahra
- Zhang Haijun
- Zhang Jianrong
- Zhang Jingya
- Zhang Liqun
- Zhang Yunquan
- Zhang Zhi-Jiang
- Zhao Hanqing
- Zhong Chenwen
- Zhou Juexiao
- Zhu Bin
- Zhu Lei
- Ziafati Makan
- Zielińska Magdalena
- Zitoun Osama A
- Zoladl Mohammad
- Zou Zhiyong
- Zuhlke Liesl J
- Zumla Alimuddin
- Zweck Elric
- Zyoud Samer H
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Šekerija Mario
- Publication venue
- Elsevier
- Publication date
- 03/04/2024
- Field of study
BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
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- Šantak G.
- Šimko K.
- Žatecký J.
- Publication venue
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Publication date
- 01/07/2023
- Field of study
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries
- Author
- Abad-Motos Ane
- Abbas Ahmed M.
- Abbas Mostafa
- Abbasi Mujeeb
- Abbott Tom
- Abd Karim Muhammad Fairuz Shah
- Abdalaal Ibrahim
- Abdel-Galil Khalid
- Abdelemam Rania
- Abdelgawad Abdalrahman
- Abdelkarim Maryam
- Abdelkhalek Mohamed
- Abdelmageed Abdelfatah
- Abdelmawgoud Sherif
- Abdelmohsen Sarah
- Abdelrahman Ahmed Saber
- Abdelrahman Mostafa
- Abdelwahab Khaled
- Abdou Hossam
- Abdulai Darling Ramatu
- Abdulkhaleq Marwa
- Abdullah Bahiyah
- Abdulsalam Khalifa
- Abdulsalam Shuaib
- Abdur-Rahman Lukman
- Abdus-Salam Rukiyat
- Abdussalam Hameedat Opeyemi
- Abebrese John Tabiri
- Abeldaño Ariel
- Abou-Khalil Jad
- Abou-Taleb Hisham
- Abozid Anwaar
- Abozied Hesham
- Abrate Alberto
- Abu-Zaid Ahmed
- Abubakar Mohammed Kabir
- Abud Burçin
- Abuzaid Mohammed
- Adam Albushra Altayeb
- Adamina Michel
- Adamou Harissou
- Adamu Auwal
- Adamu Kabir Musa
- Adanu Kekeli
- Adebara Idowu
- Adebola Oluwaseyi
- Ademuyiwa Adesoji
- Adeniran Abiodun
- Adepiti Akinfolarin
- Aderogba Adeleke Akeem
- Adesunkanmi Abdulhafiz
- Adeyeye Ademola
- Adisa Adewale
- Adjeso Theophilus Justus Kofi
- Ads Adel Mohamed
- Ads Alaa Mohamed
- Adu-Aryee Nii Armah
- Adumah Collins
- Afzal Irrum
- Agapov Mikhail
- Agarwal Gaurav
- Agarwal Ravi
- Agbeko Anita Eseenam
- Agbeno Evans Kofi
- Agbonrofo Peter
- Agboola Oluseyi
- Aggarwal Gaurav
- Aghadi Ifeanyi
- Aghtarafi Natasha
- Agrawal Amit
- Agresta Ferdinando
- Aguado Héctor J.
- Aguilera-Arevalo Maria-Lorena
- Aherne Thomas
- Ahmad Aline
- Ahmad Maleeha
- Ahmad Misbahu
- Ahmad Sarwat
- Ahmad Shahzaib
- Ahmad Shoaib
- Ahmed Hayat Tarig Abdelhafiz
- Ahmed Khalid
- Ahmed Sharwany
- Ahmed Shima
- Ahmed Usama
- Aisuodionoe-Shadrach Oseremen
- Aitken Sarah
- Ajenifuja Kayode
- Ajiya Abdulrazak
- Akeel Nouf
- Akin Emrah
- Akinajo Opeyemi
- Akinyemi Tosin
- Akrida Ioanna
- Aktokmakyan Talar Vartanoglu
- Akwaisah Ayoub
- Al Bettar Osama
- Al-Badawi Ismail A.
- Al-Juaifari Maytham
- Al-Khyatt Waleed
- Al-Mallah Abdullah
- Al-Nusairi Ahmed
- Al-Saadi Nina
- Al-Sayaghi Khaled
- Al-Shaiji Tariq
- Al-Shehari Mohammed
- Al-Touny Aiman
- Al-Touny Shimaa A.
- Aladawi Omar
- Aladna Abdallah
- Alali Mahmoud
- Alam Mahmood
- Alam Mohammed Shadrul
- Alarabi Rehab
- Alawneh Yazan
- Alayande Barnabas
- Albanese Erminia
- Albayadi Eslam
- Albdour Maram
- Alconchel Felipe
- Alderazi Amer
- Alegbeleye Bamidele
- Alekberli Tural
- Alemu Misganaw Alemu Adimass
- Alexander Philip
- Alfieri Alex
- Algahtany Khaled
- Algarni Kamal
- Alhamad Ameen
- Alhamid Mohammad
- Alharmi Rawan A. Rahman
- Alharthi Mohammed
- Alhazmi Barrag
- Ali Mohamed Shafi Mahboob
- Ali Stephen
- Alibrahim Hidar
- Aljaaly Hattan
- Aljaiuossi Anas
- Aljanadi Firas
- Aljiffry Murad
- Aljirdabi Noof
- Alkahlan Mohammed
- Alkhalifa Elmustafa
- Alkhatib Sondos
- Alkhatieb Maram
- Allan Anna
- Almarshad Felwa
- Almgla Naser
- Almhimid Ali
- Almiqlash Bushray
- Almoshantaf Mohammad Badr
- Almutairi Abdulmjeed
- Alnsour Abed Alfattah Mahmoud
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- Alomar Osama
- Alonso Jesús Aarón Martínez
- Alonso Manuel Diez
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- Becerra Angel
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- Begum Farzana
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- Bellio Gabriele
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- Bohmer Rob
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- Bonsaana Gilbert Batieka
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- Borges Miguel Fróis
- Borges Nuno
- Bork Ulrich
- Borselle Dominika
- Bortul Marina
- Botelho Pedro
- Bottari Andrea
- Bouchagier Konstantinos
- Bouliaris Konstantinos
- Bowan Antoinette Bediako
- Bowen Joel
- Bozbiyik Osman
- Bracale Umberto
- Brachini Gioia
- Bramis Konstantinos
- Branagan Graham
- Branzan Daniela
- Brasset Camille
- Bratus Dejan
- Bravo Ana Maria Minaya
- Bravo Sybil Lizanne
- Bright Tim
- Brisinda Giuseppe
- Brodkin Edgar
- Broglia Alessandro
- Brolese Alberto
- Browning Rebecca
- Bruzzaniti Placido
- Brzeszczyński Filip
- Bsisu Isam
- Bua Emmanuel
- Budd Gabrielle
- Bukhari Syed Imran
- Bulian Dirk Rolf
- Bumbasirevic Uros
- Bumber Boris
- Burgos-Blasco Barbara
- Burlov Nikita
- Bussu Francesco
- Bàmbina Fabrizio
- Börner Nikolaus
- Böttcher Arne
- Cabeza Leticia
- Cabrera Marino
- Cais Simon
- Cakmak Guldeniz Karadeniz
- Calabretto Francesca
- Calabrò Marcello
- Calavia Pablo
- Calculli Federica
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- Callan Rory
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- Cammarata Emanuele
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- Campanelli Michela
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- Campo Flaminia
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- Cano-Trigueros Emiliano
- Capella Stefano
- Capitan-Morales Luis-Cristobal
- Capobianco Mattia
- Capolupo Gabriella Teresa
- Capozzi Enrico
- Cappuccio Micaela
- Capuano Marianna
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- Carbone Fabio
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- D'Andrea Giancarlo
- D'Archi Sabatino
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- Kauppila Joonas H
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- Lohmann Tibor Karl
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- McPherson Duncan
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- Meead Adullah
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- Myriokefalitaki Eva
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- Nabil Fatma
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- Nacion Aeris Jane D.
- Nadi Khaldoun
- Naegele Felix
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- Nasser Sara
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- Nitschke Christine
- Njokanma Iloba
- Noel Colin
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- Vázquez Gil
- Vázquez Irene Ortega
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- Wade Ryckie
- Wafi Omar
- Wagner Gabriela
- Wallis Christopher
- Wanjara Samuel
- Waqar Shahzad Hussain
- Warden Claire
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- Wasim D.
- Wason Shaun
- Wasserman Isaac
- Watcyn-Jones Tom
- Waterson Ben
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- Watson Matthew
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- Wheeler James
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- Williams Shekinah
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- Winnand Philipp
- Wittmann Maria
- Wolde Amanuel
- Wolfenden John W. D.
- Wong Benjamin Ngie Xiong
- Wong Enoch
- Wong Evan G.
- Wong George Kwok Chu
- Wong Ho Ying Flora
- Wong Kai Yuen
- Wormald Justin
- Wright Deborah
- Wright Joshua
- Wu Fiona
- Wurm Markus
- Xenaki Sofia
- Yadev Ip
- Yahaya Ahmad Shuib
- Yakubu Mustapha
- Yang Wah
- Yanik Özge
- Yanowsky-Reyes Guillermo
- Yassin Abubaker
- Yates Elizabeth
- Yebes Alvaro
- Yenli Edwin Mwintiereh Ta-Ang
- Yeoh Tien
- Yeung Justin
- Yiallourou Anneza
- Yigit Banu
- Yildirim Asif
- Yim Guang
- Yiu Andrew
- Yonekura Hiroshi
- Yotsov Tsanko
- Younis Muhammad Umar
- Yunus Alif
- Yusefi Hossein
- Zabaleta Jon
- Zabkiewicz Catheriner
- Zaccaria Giulia
- Zacharia Bincy
- Zafar Syed Nabeel
- Zago Mauro
- Zaheen Zakia
- Zahid Zahra
- Zaimis Tilemachos
- Zakaria Andee Dzulkarnaen
- Zambon Martina
- Zamora Lindsey
- Zampogna Biagio
- Zancana Giuseppa
- Zani Augusto
- Zanin Luca
- Zanini Nicola
- Zapardiel Ignacio
- Zapata Carlos Shiraishi
- Zarif Pierre
- Zaránd Attila
- Zehnder Philipp
- Zenger Serkan
- Zenha Horácio
- Zhu Michael Z. L.
- Ziemann Sebastian
- Zimak Danijela Mrazovac
- Zimak Zoran
- Zivkovic Dragana
- Zizzo Maurizio
- Zucker Benjamin
- Zwain Yasir
- Zyskowski Michael
- Ávila Clara Castro
- Älgå Andreas
- Çakici Mehmet Çaǧlar
- Çelik Enes
- Çelik Meryem Nur
- Özçay Necdet
- Şevik Hüsnü
- Šantak Goran
- Šimko Kristián
- Žatecký Jan
- Publication venue
- 'Oxford University Press (OUP)'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2023
- Field of study
Abstract
Background
Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres.
Methods
This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries.
Results
In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia.
Conclusion
This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries
Search for single production of vector-like quarks decaying into Wb in pp collisions at s=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector
- Author
- Abbott Brad
- Abdallah Jalal
- Abdinov Ovsat
- Abeloos Baptiste
- Aben Rosemarie
- Abolins Maris
- AbouZeid Ossama
- Abramowicz Halina
- Abreu Henso
- Abreu Ricardo
- Abulaiti Yiming
- Acharya Bobby Sami
- Adamczyk Leszek
- Adams David
- Adelman Jahred
- Adomeit Stefanie
- Adye Tim
- Affolder Tony
- Agatonovic-Jovin Tatjana
- Agricola Johannes
- Aguilar-Saavedra Juan Anton
- Ahlen Steven
- Ahmadov Faig
- Aielli Giulio
- Akerstedt Henrik
- Akimov Andrei
- Alberghi Gian Luigi
- Albert Justin
- Albrand Solveig
- Alconada Verzini Maria Jose
- Aleksa Martin
- Aleksandrov Igor
- Alexa Calin
- Alexander Gideon
- Alexopoulos Theodoros
- Alhroob Muhammad
- Alimonti Gianluca
- Alio Lion
- Alison John
- Alkire Steven Pat
- Allbrooke Benedict
- Allen Benjamin W
- Allport Phillip
- Aloisio Alberto
- Alonso Alejandro
- Alonso Francisco
- Alpigiani Cristiano
- Alvarez Gonzalez Barbara
- Alviggi Mariagrazi
- Amadio Brian Thom
- Amako Katsuya
- Amaral Coutinho Yara
- Amelung Christoph
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- Amram Nir
- Amundsen Glenn
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- Ancu Lucian Ste
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- Angelidakis Stylianos
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- Anger Philipp
- Angerami Aaron
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- Anisenkov Alexey
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- Armbruster Aaron Jame
- Arnaez Olivier
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- Baldin Evgenii
- Balek Petr
- Balestri Thomas
- Balli Fabrice
- Balunas William Ke
- Banas Elzbieta
- Banerjee Swagato
- Bannoura Arwa A E
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- Barberio Elisabetta
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- Barklow Timothy
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- Bartoldus Rainer
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- Bauer Florian
- Bawa Harinder S
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- Bogdanchikov Alexander
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- Boudreau Joseph
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- Bouhova-Thacker Evelina Va
- Boumediene Djamel Edd
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- Braun Helmut
- Breaden Madden William Dm
- Brendlinger Kurt
- Brennan Amelia Jea
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- Bristow Timothy Mi
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- Bruschi Marco
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- Burke Stephen
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- Buttinger William
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- Caminal Armadans Roger
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- Cardarelli Roberto
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- Carlino Gianpaolo
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- Caron Sascha
- Carquin Edson
- Carrillo-Montoya German D
- Carter Janet
- Carvalho João
- Casadei Diego
- Casado Maria Pila
- Casolino Mirkoanton
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- Cerv Matevz
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- Cetin Serkant Al
- Chafaq Aziz
- Chakraborty Dhiman
- Chalupkova Ina
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- Charlton Dave
- Chau Chav Chhiv
- Chavez Barajas Carlos Alb
- Che Siinn
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- Cheu Elliott
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- Chiarelli Giorgio
- Chiodini Gabriele
- Chisholm Andrew
- Chislett Rebecca Th
- Chitan Adrian
- Chizhov Mihail
- Choi Kyungeon
- Chouridou Sofia
- Chow Bonnie Kar
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- Chromek-Burckhart Doris
- Chudoba Jiri
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- Chwastowski Janusz
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- Citron Zvi Hirsh
- Ciubancan Mihai
- Clark Allan G
- Clark Brian Lee
- Clark Philip Jam
- Clarke Robert
- Clement Christophe
- Coadou Yann
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- Coccaro Andrea
- Cochran James H
- Coffey Laurel
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- Cole Brian
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- Cristinziani Markus
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- Crépé-Renaudin Sabine
- Cuhadar Donszelmann Tulay
- Cummings Jane
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- Czodrowski Patrick
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- D'Auria Saverio
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- Da Cunha Sargedas De Sousa Mario Jose
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- Dabrowski Wladyslaw
- Dafinca Alexandru
- Dai Tiesheng
- Dale Orjan
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- Dallapiccola Carlo
- Dam Mogens
- Dandoy Jeffrey Ro
- Dang Nguyen Phu
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- Danninger Matthias
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- Daya-Ishmukhametova Rozmin
- de Asmundis Riccardo
- De Benedetti Abraham
- De Castro Stefano
- De Cecco Sandro
- De Groot Nicolo
- de Jong Paul
- De la Torre Hector
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- De Pedis Daniele
- De Salvo Alessandro
- De Sanctis Umberto
- De Santo Antonella
- De Vivie De Regie Jean-Bapti
- De Kaushik
- Dearnaley William Ja
- Debbe Ramiro
- Debenedetti Chiara
- Dedovich Dmitri
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- Del Peso Jose
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- Delgove David
- Deliot Frederic
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- Dell'Acqua Andrea
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- della Volpe Domenico
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- Dewhurst Alastair
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- Di Ciaccio Anna
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- Dova Maria-Tere
- Doyle Tony
- Drechsler Eric
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- Du Yanyan
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- Dubreuil Emmanuelle
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- Duckeck Guenter
- Ducu Otilia Ana
- Duda Dominik
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- Dyndal Mateusz
- Dührssen Michael
- Düren Michael
- Eckardt Christoph
- Ecker Katharina
- Edgar Ryan Chris
- Edson William
- Edwards Nicholas C
- Eifert Till
- Eigen Gerald
- Einsweiler Kevin
- Ekelof Tord
- El Kacimi Mohamed
- Ellajosyula Venugopal
- Ellert Mattias
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- Enari Yuji
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- Endo Masaki
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- Erdmann Johannes
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- Etienvre Anne-Isabe
- Etzion Erez
- Evans Hal
- Ezhilov Alexey
- Fabbri Laura
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- Falciano Speranza
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- Faltova Jana
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- Farthouat Philippe
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- Fassnacht Patrick
- Fassouliotis Dimitrios
- Faucci Giannelli Michele
- Favareto Andrea
- Fayard Louis
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- Feigl Simon
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- Fiedler Frank
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- Filipčič Andrej
- Filthaut Frank
- Fincke-Keeler Margret
- Finelli Kevin Dani
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- Fischer Adam
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- Gach Grzegorz
- Gadatsch Stefan
- Gadomski Szymon
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- Gallus Petr
- Galster Gorm Aske
- Gan KK
- Gao Jun
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- Garay Walls Francisca
- Garcia-Sciveres Maurice
- García Navarro José Enri
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- Gardner Robert
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- Gatti Claudio
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- Gaudio Gabriella
- Gaur Bakul
- Gauthier Lea
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- Gay Colin
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- Gazis Evangelos
- Gecse Zoltan
- Gee Norman
- Geich-Gimbel Christoph
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- Ghasemi Sara
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- Gilles Geoffrey
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- Giokaris Nikos
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- Giorgi Filippo Ma
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- Giraud Pierre-Fra
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- Gjelsten Børge Kil
- Gkaitatzis Stamatios
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- Gladilin Leonid
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- Goblirsch-Kolb Maximilian
- Goddard Jack Rober
- Godlewski Jan
- Goldfarb Steven
- Golling Tobias
- Golubkov Dmitry
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- Gonella Laura
- Gonzalez Parra Garoe
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- Gonçalo Ricardo
- Goossens Luc
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- Gorini Benedetto
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- Gornicki Edward
- Goshaw Alfred
- Gostkin Mikhail Iv
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- Goujdami Driss
- Goussiou Anna
- Govender Nicolin
- Gozani Eitan
- Graber Lars
- Grabowska-Bold Iwona
- Gradin Per Olov J
- Grafström Per
- Gramling Johanna
- Gramstad Eirik
- Grancagnolo Sergio
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- Graziani Enrico
- Greenwood Zeno Dixon
- Grefe Christian
- Gregersen Kristian
- Gregor Ingrid-Mar
- Grenier Philippe
- Grevtsov Kirill
- Griffiths Justin
- Grillo Alexander
- Grimm Kathryn
- Grinstein Sebastian
- Gris Philippe L
- Grivaz Jean-Franc
- Groh Sabrina
- Grohs Johannes P
- Gross Eilam
- Grosse-Knetter Joern
- Grossi Giulio Cor
- Grout Zara Jane
- Guan Liang
- Guenther Jaroslav
- Guescini Francesco
- Guest Daniel
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- Guillemin Thibault
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- Gul Umar
- Gumpert Christian
- Guo Jun
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- Gustavino Giuliano
- Gutierrez Ortiz Nicolas Gi
- Gutierrez Phillip
- Gutschow Christian
- Guyot Claude
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- Gwilliam Carl
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- Hadavand Haleh Khan
- Haddad Nacim
- Hadef Asma
- Haefner Petra
- Hageböck Stephan
- Hajduk Zbigniew
- Hakobyan Hrachya
- Haleem Mahsana
- Haley Joseph
- Hall David
- Halladjian Garabed
- Hallewell Gregory Da
- Hamacher Klaus
- Hamal Petr
- Hamano Kenji
- Hamilton Andrew
- Hamity Guillermo
- Hamnett Phillip Ge
- Han Liang
- Hanagaki Kazunori
- Hanawa Keita
- Hance Michael
- Haney Bijan
- Hanke Paul
- Hanna Remie
- Hansen Jorn Dines
- Hansen Jørgen Be
- Hansen Maike Chri
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- Hariri Faten
- Harkusha Siarhei
- Harrington Robert
- Harrison Paul Frase
- Hartjes Fred
- Hasegawa Makoto
- Hasegawa Yoji
- Hasib A
- Hassani Samira
- Haug Sigve
- Hauser Reiner
- Hauswald Lorenz
- Havranek Miroslav
- Hawkes Christophe
- Hawkings Richard Jo
- Hawkins Anthony Da
- Hayashi Takayasu
- Hayden Daniel
- Hays Chris
- Hays Jonathan M
- Hayward Helen
- Haywood Stephen
- Head Simon
- Heck Tobias
- Hedberg Vincent
- Heelan Louise
- Heim Sarah
- Heim Timon
- Heinemann Beate
- Heinrich Lukas
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- Helary Louis
- Hellman Sten
- Helsens Clement
- Henderson James
- Henderson Robert
- Heng Yang
- Henkelmann Steffen
- Henriques Correia Ana Maria
- Henrot-Versille Sophie
- Herbert Geoffrey H
- Hernández Jiménez Yesenia
- Herten Gregor
- Hertenberger Ralf
- Hervas Luis
- Hesketh Gavin Gran
- Hessey Nigel
- Hetherly Jeffrey Wa
- Hickling Robert
- Higón-Rodriguez Emilio
- Hill Ewan
- Hill John
- Hiller Karl Heinz
- Hillier Stephen
- Hinchliffe Ian
- Hines Elizabeth
- Hinman Rachel Rei
- Hirose Minoru
- Hirschbuehl Dominic
- Hobbs John
- Hod Noam
- Hodgkinson Mark
- Hodgson Paul
- Hoecker Andreas
- Hoeferkamp Martin
- Hoenig Friedrich
- Hohlfeld Marc
- Hohn David
- Holmes Tova Ray
- Homann Michael
- Hong Tae Min
- Hooberman Benjamin H
- Hopkins Walter
- Horii Yasuyuki
- Horton Arthur Jam
- Hostachy Jean-Yves
- Hou Suen
- Hoummada Abdeslam
- Howard Jacob
- Howarth James
- Hrabovsky Miroslav
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- Hrivnac Julius
- Hryn'ova Tetiana
- Hrynevich Aliaksei
- Hsu Catherine
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- Hu Diedi
- Hu Qipeng
- Huang Yanping
- Hubacek Zdenek
- Hubaut Fabrice
- Huegging Fabian
- Huffman Todd Brian
- Hughes Emlyn
- Hughes Gareth
- Huhtinen Mika
- Huseynov Nazim
- Huston Joey
- Huth John
- Hülsing Tobias Ale
- Iacobucci Giuseppe
- Iakovidis Georgios
- Ibragimov Iskander
- Iconomidou-Fayard Lydia
- Ideal Emma
- Idrissi Zineb
- Iengo Paolo
- Igonkina Olga
- Iizawa Tomoya
- Ikegami Yoichi
- Ikeno Masahiro
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- Sbrizzi Antonio
- Scanlon Tim
- Scannicchio Diana
- Scarcella Mark
- Scarfone Valerio
- Schaarschmidt Jana
- Schacht Peter
- Schaefer Douglas
- Schaefer Ralph
- Schaeffer Jan
- Schaepe Steffen
- Schaetzel Sebastian
- Schaffer Arthur
- Schaile Dorothee
- Schamberger R Dean
- Scharf Veit
- Schegelsky Valery
- Scheirich Daniel
- Schernau Michael
- Schiavi Carlo
- Schillo Christian
- Schioppa Marco
- Schlenker Stefan
- Schmieden Kristof
- Schmitt Christian
- Schmitt Sebastian
- Schmitt Stefan
- Schmitz Simon
- Schneider Basil
- Schnellbach Yan Jie
- Schnoor Ulrike
- Schoeffel Laurent
- Schoening Andre
- Schoenrock Bradley Da
- Schopf Elisabeth
- Schorlemmer Andre Luka
- Schott Matthias
- Schouten Doug
- Schovancova Jaroslava
- Schramm Steven
- Schreyer Manuel
- Schuh Natascha
- Schultens Martin Joh
- Schultz-Coulon Hans-Chris
- Schulz Holger
- Schumacher Markus
- Schumm Bruce
- Schune Philippe
- Schwanenberger Christian
- Schwartzman Ariel
- Schwarz Thomas And
- Schwegler Philipp
- Schweiger Hansdieter
- Schwemling Philippe
- Schwienhorst Reinhard
- Schwindling Jerome
- Schwindt Thomas
- Schäfer Uli
- Sciolla Gabriella
- Scuri Fabrizio
- Scutti Federico
- Searcy Jacob
- Seema Pienpen
- Seidel Sally
- Seiden Abraham
- Seifert Frank
- Seixas José
- Sekhniaidze Givi
- Sekhon Karishma
- Sekula Stephen
- Seliverstov Dmitry
- Semprini-Cesari Nicola
- Serfon Cedric
- Serin Laurent
- Serkin Leonid
- Sessa Marco
- Seuster Rolf
- Severini Horst
- Sfiligoj Tina
- Sforza Federico
- Sfyrla Anna
- Shabalina Elizaveta
- Shaikh Nabila Wah
- Shan Lianyou
- Shang Ruo-yu
- Shank James
- Shapiro Marjorie
- Shatalov Pavel
- Shaw Kate
- Shaw Savanna Ma
- Shcherbakova Anna
- Shehu Ciwake Yus
- Sherwood Peter
- Shi Liaoshan
- Shimizu Shima
- Shimmin Chase Owen
- Shimojima Makoto
- Shiyakova Mariya
- Shmeleva Alevtina
- Shoaleh Saadi Diane
- Shochet Mel
- Shojaii Seyedruhol
- Shrestha Suyog
- Shulga Evgeny
- Shupe Michael
- Sicho Petr
- Sidebo Per Edvin
- Sidiropoulou Ourania
- Sidorov Dmitri
- Sidoti Antonio
- Siegert Frank
- Sijacki Djordje
- Silva José
- Silverstein Samuel
- Simak Vladislav
- Simard Olivier
- Simic Ljiljana
- Simion Stefan
- Simioni Eduard
- Simmons Brinick
- Simon Dorian
- Simon Manuel
- Sinervo Pekka
- Sinev Nikolai
- Sioli Maximilian
- Siragusa Giovanni
- Sivoklokov Serguei
- Sjursen Therese
- Sjölin Jörgen
- Skinner Malcolm Br
- Skottowe Hugh Phili
- Skubic Patrick
- Slater Mark
- Slavicek Tomas
- Slawinska Magdalena
- Sliwa Krzysztof
- Smakhtin Vladimir
- Smart Ben
- Smestad Lillian
- Smirnov Sergei
- Smirnov Yury
- Smirnova Lidia
- Smirnova Oxana
- Smith Matthew
- Smith Russell
- Smizanska Maria
- Smolek Karel
- Snesarev Andrei
- Snidero Giacomo
- Snyder Scott
- Sobie Randall
- Socher Felix
- Soffer Abner
- Soh Dart-yin
- Sokhrannyi Grygorii
- Solans Sanchez Carlos
- Solar Michael
- Soldatov Evgeny
- Soldevila Urmila
- Solodkov Alexander
- Soloshenko Alexei
- Solovyanov Oleg
- Solovyev Victor
- Sommer Philip
- Song Hong Ye
- Soni Nitesh
- Sood Alexander
- Sopczak Andre
- Sopko Vit
- Sorin Veronica
- Sosa David
- Sotiropoulou Calliope L
- Soualah Rachik
- Soukharev Andrey
- South David
- Sowden Benjamin
- Spagnolo Stefania
- Spalla Margherita
- Spangenberg Martin
- Spanò Francesco
- Sperlich Dennis
- Spettel Fabian
- Spighi Roberto
- Spigo Giancarlo
- Spiller Laurence A
- Spousta Martin
- St Denis Richard Da
- Stabile Alberto
- Staerz Steffen
- Stahlman Jonathan
- Stamen Rainer
- Stamm Soren
- Stanecka Ewa
- Stanek Robert
- Stanescu Cristian
- Stanescu-Bellu Madalina
- Stanitzki Marcel Mic
- Stapnes Steinar
- Starchenko Evgeny
- Stark Giordon
- Stark Jan
- Staroba Pavel
- Starovoitov Pavel
- Staszewski Rafal
- Steinberg Peter
- Stelzer Bernd
- Stelzer Harald Joe
- Stelzer-Chilton Oliver
- Stenzel Hasko
- Stewart Graeme
- Stillings Jan Andre
- Stockton Mark
- Stoebe Michael
- Stoicea Gabriel
- Stolte Philipp
- Stonjek Stefan
- Stradling Alden
- Straessner Arno
- Stramaglia Maria Elen
- Strandberg Jonas
- Strandberg Sara
- Strandlie Are
- Strauss Michael
- Strizenec Pavol
- Strom David
- Stroynowski Ryszard
- Strubig Antonia
- Ströhmer Raimund
- Stucci Stefania A
- Stugu Bjarne
- Styles Nicholas A
- Su Dong
- Su Jun
- Subramaniam Rajivaloch
- Suchek Stanislav
- Sugaya Yorihito
- Suk Michal
- Sulin Vladimir
- Sultansoy Saleh
- Sumida Toshi
- Sun Siyuan
- Sun Xiaohu
- Sundermann Jan Erik
- Suruliz Kerim
- Susinno Giancarlo
- Sutton Mark
- Suzuki Shota
- Svatos Michal
- Swiatlowski Maximilian
- Sykora Ivan
- Sykora Tomas
- Sánchez Javier
- Ta Duc
- Taccini Cecilia
- Tackmann Kerstin
- Taenzer Joe
- Taffard Anyes
- Tafirout Reda
- Taiblum Nimrod
- Takai Helio
- Takashima Ryuichi
- Takeda Hiroshi
- Takeshita Tohru
- Takubo Yosuke
- Talby Mossadek
- Talyshev Alexey
- Tam Jason
- Tan Kong Guan
- Tanaka Junichi
- Tanaka Reisaburo
- Tanaka Shuji
- Tannenwald Benjamin B
- Tapia Araya Sebastian
- Tapprogge Stefan
- Tarem Shlomit
- Tartarelli Giuseppe F
- Tas Petr
- Tasevsky Marek
- Tashiro Takuya
- Tassi Enrico
- Tavares Delgado Ademar
- Tayalati Yahya
- Taylor Aaron
- Taylor Geoffrey
- Taylor Pierre Tho
- Taylor Wendy
- Teischinger Florian Al
- Teixeira-Dias Pedro
- Temming Kim Katrin
- Temple Darren
- Ten Kate Herman
- Teng Ping-Kun
- Teoh Jia Jian
- Tepel Fabian-Phi
- Terada Susumu
- Terashi Koji
- Terron Juan
- Terzo Stefano
- Testa Marianna
- Teuscher Richard
- Theveneaux-Pelzer Timothée
- Thomas Juergen
- Thomas-Wilsker Joshuha
- Thompson Emily
- Thompson Paul
- Thompson Ray
- Thompson Stan
- Thomsen Lotte Ansg
- Thomson Evelyn
- Thomson Mark
- Tibbetts Mark James
- Ticse Torres Royer Edso
- Tikhomirov Vladimir
- Tikhonov Yury
- Timoshenko Sergey
- Tiouchichine Elodie
- Tipton Paul
- Tisserant Sylvain
- Todome Kazuki
- Todorov Theodore
- Todorova-Nova Sharka
- Tojo Junji
- Tokushuku Katsuo
- Tokár Stanislav
- Tolley Emma
- Tomlinson Lee
- Tomoto Makoto
- Tompkins Lauren
- Toms Konstantin
- Tong Baojia(Ton
- Torrence Eric
- Torres Heberth
- Torró Pastor Emma
- Toth Jozsef
- Touchard Francois
- Tovey Daniel
- Trefzger Thomas
- Tremblet Louis
- Tricoli Alessandro
- Trigger Isabel Mar
- Trincaz-Duvoid Sophie
- Tripiana Martin
- Trischuk William
- Trocmé Benjamin
- Trofymov Artur
- Troncon Clara
- Trottier-McDonald Michel
- Trovatelli Monica
- Truong Loan
- Trzebinski Maciej
- Trzupek Adam
- Tseng Jeffrey
- Tsiareshka Pavel
- Tsipolitis Georgios
- Tsirintanis Nikolaos
- Tsiskaridze Shota
- Tsiskaridze Vakhtang
- Tskhadadze Edisher
- Tsui Ka Ming
- Tsukerman Ilya
- Tsulaia Vakhtang
- Tsuno Soshi
- Tsybychev Dmitri
- Tudorache Alexandra
- Tudorache Valentina
- Tuna Alexander
- Tupputi Salvatore
- Turchikhin Semen
- Turecek Daniel
- Turgeman Daniel
- Turra Ruggero
- Turvey Andrew Joh
- Tuts Michael
- Tylmad Maja
- Tyndel Mike
- Ueda Ikuo
- Ueno Ryuichi
- Ughetto Michael
- Ukegawa Fumihiko
- Unal Guillaume
- Undrus Alexander
- Unel Gokhan
- Ungaro Francesca
- Unno Yoshinobu
- Unverdorben Christophe
- Urban Jozef
- Urquijo Phillip
- Urrejola Pedro
- Usai Giulio
- Usanova Anna
- Vacavant Laurent
- Vacek Vaclav
- Vachon Brigitte
- Valderanis Chrysostom
- Valencic Nika
- Valentinetti Sara
- Valero Alberto
- Valery Loic
- Valkar Stefan
- Vallecorsa Sofia
- Valls Ferrer Juan Anton
- Van Den Wollenberg Wouter
- Van Der Deijl Pieter
- van der Geer Rogier
- van der Graaf Harry
- van Eldik Niels
- van Gemmeren Peter
- Van Nieuwkoop Jacobus
- van Vulpen Ivo
- van Woerden Marius Cor
- Vanadia Marco
- Vandelli Wainer
- Vanguri Rami
- Vaniachine Alexandre
- Vardanyan Gagik
- Vari Riccardo
- Varnes Erich
- Varol Tulin
- Varouchas Dimitris
- Vartapetian Armen
- Varvell Kevin
- Vazeille Francois
- Vazquez Schroeder Tamara
- Veatch Jason
- Veloce Laurelle M
- Veloso Filipe
- Veneziano Stefano
- Ventura Andrea
- Venturi Manuela
- Venturi Nicola
- Venturini Alessio
- Vercesi Valerio
- Verducci Monica
- Verkerke Wouter
- Vermeulen Jos
- Vest Anja
- Vetterli Michel
- Viazlo Oleksandr
- Vichou Irene
- Vickey Boeriu Oana Elena
- Vickey Trevor
- Viehhauser Georg
- Viel Simon
- Vigne Ralph
- Villa Mauro
- Villaplana Perez Miguel
- Vilucchi Elisabetta
- Vincter Manuella
- Vinogradov Vladimir
- Vivarelli Iacopo
- Vlachos Sotirios
- Vladoiu Dan
- Vlasak Michal
- Vogel Marcelo
- Vokac Petr
- Volpi Guido
- Volpi Matteo
- von der Schmitt Hans
- von Toerne Eckhard
- Vorobel Vit
- Vorobev Konstantin
- Vos Marcel
- Voss Rudiger
- Vossebeld Joost
- Vranjes Milosavljevic Marija
- Vranjes Nenad
- Vrba Vaclav
- Vreeswijk Marcel
- Vuillermet Raphael
- Vukotic Ilija
- Vykydal Zdenek
- Wagner Peter
- Wagner Wolfgang
- Wahlberg Hernan
- Wahrmund Sebastian
- Wakabayashi Jun
- Walder James
- Walker Rodney
- Walkowiak Wolfgang
- Wallangen Veronica
- Wang Chao
- Wang Fuquan
- Wang Haichen
- Wang Hulin
- Wang Jike
- Wang Jin
- Wang Kuhan
- Wang Rui
- Wang Song-Ming
- Wang Tan
- Wang Tingting
- Wang Xiaoxiao
- Wanotayaroj Chaowaroj
- Warburton Andreas
- Ward Patricia
- Wardrope David Robe
- Washbrook Andrew
- Watkins Peter
- Watson Alan
- Watson Ian
- Watson Miriam
- Watts Gordon
- Watts Stephen
- Waugh Ben
- Webb Samuel
- Weber Michele
- Weber Stefan Wol
- Webster Jordan S
- Weidberg Anthony
- Weinert Benjamin
- Weingarten Jens
- Weiser Christian
- Weits Hartger
- Wells Phillippa
- Wenaus Torre
- Wengler Thorsten
- Wenig Siegfried
- Wermes Norbert
- Werner Matthias
- Werner Per
- Wessels Martin
- Wetter Jeffrey
- Whalen Kathleen
- Wharton Andrew Mar
- White Andrew
- White Martin
- White Ryan
- White Sebastian
- Whiteson Daniel
- Wickens Fred
- Wiedenmann Werner
- Wielers Monika
- Wienemann Peter
- Wiglesworth Craig
- Wiik-Fuchs Liv Antje
- Wildauer Andreas
- Wilkens Henric Geo
- Williams Hugh
- Williams Sarah
- Willis Christophe
- Willocq Stephane
- Wilson John
- Wingerter-Seez Isabelle
- Winklmeier Frank
- Winter Benedict T
- Wittgen Matthias
- Wittkowski Josephine
- Wollstadt Simon Jako
- Wolter Marcin Wla
- Wolters Helmut
- Wosiek Barbara
- Wotschack Jorg
- Woudstra Martin
- Wozniak Krzysztof
- Wu Mengqing
- Wu Miles
- Wu Sau Lan
- Wu Xin
- Wu Yusheng
- Wyatt Terry Rich
- Wynne Benjamin
- Xella Stefania
- Xu Da
- Xu Lailin
- Yabsley Bruce
- Yacoob Sahal
- Yakabe Ryota
- Yamaguchi Daiki
- Yamaguchi Yohei
- Yamamoto Akira
- Yamamoto Shimpei
- Yamanaka Takashi
- Yamauchi Katsuya
- Yamazaki Yuji
- Yan Zhen
- Yang Haijun
- Yang Hongtao
- Yang Yi
- Yang Zongchang
- Yao Weiming
- Yap Yee Chinn
- Yasu Yoshiji
- Yatsenko Elena
- Yau Wong Kaven Henr
- Ye Jingbo
- Ye Shuwei
- Yeletskikh Ivan
- Yen Andy L
- Yildirim Eda
- Yorita Kohei
- Yoshida Rikutaro
- Yoshihara Keisuke
- Young Charles
- Young Christophe
- Youssef Saul
- Yu David Ren-
- Yu Jaehoon
- Yu Jiaming
- Yu Jie
- Yuan Li
- Yuen Stephanie
- Yusuff Imran
- Zabinski Bartlomiej
- Zaidan Remi
- Zaitsev Alexander
- Zakharchuk Nataliia
- Zalieckas Justas
- Zaman Aungshuman
- Zambito Stefano
- Zanello Lucia
- Zanzi Daniele
- Zeitnitz Christian
- Zeman Martin
- Zemla Andrzej
- Zeng Jian Cong
- Zeng Qi
- Zengel Keith
- Zenin Oleg
- Zerwas Dirk
- Zhang Dongliang
- Zhang Fangzhou
- Zhang Guangyi
- Zhang Huijun
- Zhang Jinlong
- Zhang Lei
- Zhang Rui
- Zhang Ruiqi
- Zhang Xueyao
- Zhang Zhiqing
- Zhao Xiandong
- Zhao Yongke
- Zhao Zhengguo
- Zhemchugov Alexey
- Zhong Jiahang
- Zhou Bing
- Zhou Chen
- Zhou Lei
- Zhou Li
- Zhou Mingliang
- Zhou Ning
- Zhu Cheng Guan
- Zhu Hongbo
- Zhu Junjie
- Zhu Yingchun
- Zhuang Xuai
- Zhukov Konstantin
- Zibell Andre
- Zieminska Daria
- Zimine Nikolai
- Zimmermann Christoph
- Zimmermann Stephanie
- Zinonos Zinonas
- Zinser Markus
- Ziolkowski Michael
- Zobernig Georg
- Zoccoli Antonio
- zur Nedden Martin
- Zurzolo Giovanni
- Zwalinski Lukasz
- Åkesson Torsten Pa
- Åsman Barbro
- Ženiš Tibor
- Živković Lidija
- Άlvarez Piqueras Damián
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 08/08/2016
- Field of study