LITERATURA DE CORDEL NA EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE DE FAMÍLIAS PARA PREVENÇÃO DE ÚLCERAS POR PRESSÃO

Relato de experiência que descreve o processo de construção de material educativo em forma de folhetos de cordel, cujo objetivo principal foi estimular a leitura entre os familiares de pessoas hospitalizadas, de textos sobre a promoção de cuidados com enfoque na prevenção das úlceras por pressão. Ao apreender a realidade experienciada pelas famílias durante a hospitalização, observou-se a dificuldade de comunicação entre bolsistas e usuários devido à linguagem técnica comumente utilizada, evidenciando a necessidade de criar estratégias para oferecer informações de forma compreensível para assimilação de conteúdos sobre a prevenção de úlceras por pressão. Assim, foram elaboradas narrativas para folhetos de literatura de cordel para apresentar aspectos relacionados ao problema, valorizando a adoção de comportamentos para promoção da saúde e prevenção de úlceras por pressão, protagonizadas por personagens que tivessem aproximação com o perfil das famílias usuárias do hospital

Avaliação ultrassonográfica de variações anatômicas entre vasos femorais realizada por estudantes de medicina

Introduction: Central vein puncture is a medical procedure traditionally done following anatomical landmarks as a reference to successfully achieving the vessel. However, this traditional technique is commonly unsuccessful due to anatomical variations that may be found. Point of care ultrasonography (POC-US) is used to assist central catheterization by directly visualizing the vessel, increasing procedure security and minimizing risks. Objectives: Evaluate anatomical variations prevalence in femoral vessels, utilizing POC-US, done by medical students submitted to a short period of time training in ultrasonography. Methods: Five medical students, without previous experience on the use of ultrasonography, were submitted to an eight-hour theorical practical training in POC-US. The students evaluated one hundred femoral vessels of volunteers. Results: The right limb femoral vein was found more frequently in the medial position (43%) in comparison to the right limb femoral artery. On the left limb, the posteromedial position was the most found (45%). Conclusion: The insertion of a central catheter following the traditional technique is based on anatomical landmarks, and does not take into account existing anatomical variations. With a short period of training, POC-US is capable of qualifying professionals to acknowledge the real location of the vessel and avoid inadvertent punctures and complications.Introdução: A punção venosa central é um procedimento médico tradicionalmente realizado seguindo os marcadores anatômicos como referência para atingir o vaso, às cegas. No entanto, nem sempre o sucesso nessa técnica é alcançado, fato que se deve principalmente às variações anatômicas. A ultrassonografia point of care (US-POC) é utilizada para auxiliar a cateterização central por visualização direta do vaso, aumentando a segurança do procedimento. Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência das variações anatômicas de vasos femorais através da utilização da US-POC por estudantes de medicina submetidos a curto período de treinamento. Materiais e Métodos: Cinco estudantes de medicina, sem experiência prévia em US-POC, foram submetidos a oito horas de treinamento teórico-prático. Foram avaliados os vasos femorais de cem voluntários. Resultados: A veia femoral direita foi encontrada mais frequentemente na posição medial (43%) em relação à artéria femoral direita. À esquerda, a posição posteromedial foi a mais observada (45%). Conclusão: A técnica tradicional de punção de acesso central se baseia em marcadores anatômicos e não leva em consideração as variações anatômicas existentes. Um treinamento de curto período para uso da US-POC é capaz de capacitar o profissional para reconhecer o posicionamento real dos vasos e evitar punções inadvertidas

Prevalência de arritmias em pacientes com Sars-cov-2 tratados com hidroxicloroquina e azitromicina / Prevalence of arrhytmias in patients with Sars-cov-2 treated with hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin

INTRODUÇÃO: Este estudo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão de narrativa a respeito da correlação entre o prolongamento do intervalo QT e desenvolvimento de Torsade de Pointes (TdP) em pacientes previamente diagnosticados com a COVID-19 e medicados com Hidroxicloroquina e Azitromicina. METODOLOGIA:  Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados PubMed/ MedLine utilizando-se os seguintes descritores: ‘’COVID-19”, ‘’hidroxicloroquine’’, “azithromycin”, “QTc interval”, ‘’arrhythmias’’ e ‘’cardiac’’ com ênfase nos resultados de até 1 ano. RESULTADOS: Um total de trinta e três artigos de periódicos internacionais foram selecionados, totalizando uma amostra de 1191 pacientes confirmados com COVID-19 e tratados com Hidroxicloroquina associado com Azitromicina. Estes pacientes que fizeram uso de HCQ em monoterapia desenvolveram menos anormalidades cardíacas e QTc > 500ms em comparação aos tratados com a combinação desses fármacos. DISCUSSÃO: O estudo identificou um prolongamento excessivo do intervalo qtc nos pacientes em uso combinado da medicação, além de algumas arritmias associadas, principalmente FA e TdP. No entanto, é necessária uma investigação mais ampla, com estudos que demonstrem eficácia no combate ao vírus sem o surgimento de efeitos deletérios. CONCLUSÃO: O desenvolvimento de TdP através do uso de Hidroxicloroquina + Azitromicina foi raro. Entretanto, foi significativo o número de pacientes que apresentaram prolongamento do intervalo QT, em particular aqueles que já possuíam alguma comorbidade

Aspectos relacionados com a positividade para a esquistossomose: estudo transversal em área de baixa prevalência do estado de Alagoas, 2020

Objective: To analyze aspects related to positivity for schistosomiasis in an area of ​​low prevalence in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out in the first half of 2020, where proportion of positivity was analyzed according to the number of Kato-Katz slides, the diagnostic performance of the test and the creation of a positivity estimation factor from the data of the Information from the Schistosomiasis Surveillance and Control Program (SISPCE). Results: 2,088 slides from 348 individuals were analyzed, with proportion of positivity of 11.8%, 26.7% and 31.0% for 1, 4 and 6 slides analyzed, respectively. There was excellent agreement (Kappa = 0.91) between the reading of 4 and 6 slides. An underreporting of 2.1 times was estimated in the SISPCE data. Conclusion: Increasing the number of blades increased the positivity of Kato-Katz, which can contribute to maximize the control of the disease as a public health problem.Objetivo: Analisar aspectos relacionados com a positividade para esquistossomose em área de baixa prevalência, no Brasil. Métodos: Estudo transversal, realizado no primeiro semestre de 2020, quando foram analisadas a proporção de positividade, em função do número de lâminas de Kato-Katz, o desempenho diagnóstico do teste e a estimação da positividade a partir dos dados do Sistema de Informação do Programa de Vigilância e Controle da Esquistossomose (SISPCE). Resultados: Foram analisadas 2.088 lâminas de 348 indivíduos, sendo a proporção de positividade de 11,8%, 26,7% e 31,0% para 1, 4 e 6 lâminas analisadas, respectivamente. Houve concordância excelente (índice Kappa = 0,91) na comparação entre as leituras de 4 e 6 lâminas. Foi estimada subnotificação de 2,1 vezes nos dados do SISPCE. Conclusão: Ampliar o número de lâminas aumentou a positividade do Kato-Katz, o que pode contribuir para maximizar o controle da doença enquanto problema de Saúde Pública

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Multi-messenger observations of a binary neutron star merger

On 2017 August 17 a binary neutron star coalescence candidate (later designated GW170817) with merger time 12:41:04 UTC was observed through gravitational waves by the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo detectors. The Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor independently detected a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) with a time delay of ~1.7 s with respect to the merger time. From the gravitational-wave signal, the source was initially localized to a sky region of 31 deg2 at a luminosity distance of 40+8-8 Mpc and with component masses consistent with neutron stars. The component masses were later measured to be in the range 0.86 to 2.26 Mo. An extensive observing campaign was launched across the electromagnetic spectrum leading to the discovery of a bright optical transient (SSS17a, now with the IAU identification of AT 2017gfo) in NGC 4993 (at ~40 Mpc) less than 11 hours after the merger by the One- Meter, Two Hemisphere (1M2H) team using the 1 m Swope Telescope. The optical transient was independently detected by multiple teams within an hour. Subsequent observations targeted the object and its environment. Early ultraviolet observations revealed a blue transient that faded within 48 hours. Optical and infrared observations showed a redward evolution over ~10 days. Following early non-detections, X-ray and radio emission were discovered at the transient’s position ~9 and ~16 days, respectively, after the merger. Both the X-ray and radio emission likely arise from a physical process that is distinct from the one that generates the UV/optical/near-infrared emission. No ultra-high-energy gamma-rays and no neutrino candidates consistent with the source were found in follow-up searches. These observations support the hypothesis that GW170817 was produced by the merger of two neutron stars in NGC4993 followed by a short gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) and a kilonova/macronova powered by the radioactive decay of r-process nuclei synthesized in the ejecta

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Methodology for mapping the distribution of altitudinal wetland forests in the Brazilian Semiarid

Altitudinal Wetland Forests are fields with humid and subhumid climates located in the interior of the Brazilian semiarid that are linked to the climate past of this region. This dry climate domain region has high importance due to both the presence of paleoclimate remnants and its developed economy. The purpose of this work was to try to indicate through mapping, beyond what is officially known, new areas that may include Altitudinal Wetland Forests. The methodology developed was based on using computational techniques in a GIS environment with analysis of hierarchical processes using the altitude variables, rainfall and vegetation in the distribution of Altitudinal Wetland Forests throughout the Brazilian semiarid. It was possible to indicate new areas with high and low probabilities of the occurrence of Altitudinal Wetland Forests, beyond those without any probability. The obtained results indicate that investigations should be carried out to confirm the results of this study and to provide information for interventions in these areas, both from the environmental point of view and for its sustainable agricultural use

Momento Científico, Workshop de Habilidade Médica da IFMSA Brasil - Edição Especial

In this special edition of the Scientific Moment, Workshop on Medical Skills of IFMSA Brazil, five abstracts covering various health areas are presented, authored by students, professors, and healthcare professionals from the Federal University of Roraima, General Hospital of Roraima, and the Faculty of Industry of Paraná. The topics include epidemiological analysis of sepsis mortality, polypharmacy in seropositive elderly individuals, new perspectives on autism, breast cancer epidemiology in Roraima, and epidemiological analysis of sepsis mortality.Nesta edição especial do Momento Científico, Workshop de Habilidade Médica da IFMSA Brasil, são apresentados cinco resumos que abordam diversas áreas da saúde, elaborados por estudantes, professores e profissionais da saúde da Universidade Federal de Roraima, Hospital Geral de Roraima e da Faculdade da Indústria do Paraná. Os temas incluem análise epidemiológica da mortalidade por sepse, polifarmácia em idosos soropositivos, novas perspectivas sobre o autismo, epidemiologia do câncer de mama em Roraima e análise epidemiológica da mortalidade por sepse