Aportes metodológico-conceptuales de la distribución espacial de la población: el caso de Tucumán y Catamarca en el noroeste argentino (1991, 2001 y 2010)

Para comprender procesos, causas y características es importante tener presente que la distribución espacial de la población se interrelaciona con diversos componentes como: económicos, sociales y culturales, pero también con: procesos de desestructuración social, crisis socioeconómicas (localizadas geográficamente), habitabilidad de los ecosistemas, conectividad de las localidades, historia de las regiones y ciudades, acceso a la propiedad de la tierra, políticas públicas que afectan directa o indirectamente a la localización de la población, etc. Por lo tanto la distribución espacial de la población afecta directamente a las principales variables demográficas, de allí su importancia.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

El programa de mejoramiento académico como propuesta de innovación para los ciclos de nivelación de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas

ResumenLa Facultad de Ciencias Médicas para mejorar los procesos educativos estudió las condiciones de admisión y permanencia de los alumnos en la carrera. Una acción fue la creación del Departamento de Admisión en el año 2000. Desde entonces se promovieron una serie de cambios internos, curriculares y organizativos, orientados a mejorar la formación académica de los alumnos. La construcción de la propuesta de innovación educativa, se orientó a incorporar las competencias requeridas en el perfil del ingresante. Se propuso así ejecutar el Programa de Mejoramiento Académico acorde con la educación actual en Ciencias de la Salud. Los resultados logrados a través del Programa de Mejoramiento Académico se expusieron a partir de la participación en eventos de Extensión Universitaria, participación en Eventos Científicos, desarrollo de una Tesis Doctoral, participación en Jornadas de Articulación, Organización de la Biblioteca del Departamento de Admisión, dictado de cursos de formación docente para ayudantes-alumnos y en el Plan de Formación Docente de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. El Programa de Mejoramiento Académico fue evaluado por el agente nacional de acreditación que expresó en su informe acerca de la calidad en la organización, transparencia, seriedad técnica y capacidad docente que la situación del sistema de admisión requería.Palabras clave: Mejoramiento académico; Ciclos de nivelación; Ciencias médicasAbstractIn order to improve its educational processes, the School of Medical Sciences (Facultad de Ciencias Médicas) performed a survey of the admission and stay period of medical students. One important step was the creation of the Admission Department in 2000. Ever since, a series of internal changes were introduced, both curricular and organizational, aimed at improving students’ academic formation. The proposed educational innovations were designed to provide those competences listed in the profile of the student to be admitted. Therefore, the Academic Improvement Program was attuned to current trends in Health Sciences Education. The results obtained through the Academic Improvement Program were expounded in events organized by University Extension Departments, scientific conferences, a PhD thesis, and open door days, and taken into account in the creation of the Admission Department Library, formation courses for students serving as auxiliary teachers, and the Formation Program for the faculty of the School of Medicine. The Academic Improvement Program was assessed by the Argentine university accreditation agency, whose report dealt with the organizational quality, transparence, technical proficiency and pedagogical capabilities required by the admissions system. Keywords: Academic improvement; Admission cycles; Medical science

Analysis of shared heritability in common disorders of the brain

ience, this issue p. eaap8757 Structured Abstract INTRODUCTION Brain disorders may exhibit shared symptoms and substantial epidemiological comorbidity, inciting debate about their etiologic overlap. However, detailed study of phenotypes with different ages of onset, severity, and presentation poses a considerable challenge. Recently developed heritability methods allow us to accurately measure correlation of genome-wide common variant risk between two phenotypes from pools of different individuals and assess how connected they, or at least their genetic risks, are on the genomic level. We used genome-wide association data for 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants, as well as 17 phenotypes from a total of 1,191,588 individuals, to quantify the degree of overlap for genetic risk factors of 25 common brain disorders. RATIONALE Over the past century, the classification of brain disorders has evolved to reflect the medical and scientific communities' assessments of the presumed root causes of clinical phenomena such as behavioral change, loss of motor function, or alterations of consciousness. Directly observable phenomena (such as the presence of emboli, protein tangles, or unusual electrical activity patterns) generally define and separate neurological disorders from psychiatric disorders. Understanding the genetic underpinnings and categorical distinctions for brain disorders and related phenotypes may inform the search for their biological mechanisms. RESULTS Common variant risk for psychiatric disorders was shown to correlate significantly, especially among attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), and schizophrenia. By contrast, neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders, except for migraine, which was significantly correlated to ADHD, MDD, and Tourette syndrome. We demonstrate that, in the general population, the personality trait neuroticism is significantly correlated with almost every psychiatric disorder and migraine. We also identify significant genetic sharing between disorders and early life cognitive measures (e.g., years of education and college attainment) in the general population, demonstrating positive correlation with several psychiatric disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa and bipolar disorder) and negative correlation with several neurological phenotypes (e.g., Alzheimer's disease and ischemic stroke), even though the latter are considered to result from specific processes that occur later in life. Extensive simulations were also performed to inform how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity influence genetic correlations. CONCLUSION The high degree of genetic correlation among many of the psychiatric disorders adds further evidence that their current clinical boundaries do not reflect distinct underlying pathogenic processes, at least on the genetic level. This suggests a deeply interconnected nature for psychiatric disorders, in contrast to neurological disorders, and underscores the need to refine psychiatric diagnostics. Genetically informed analyses may provide important "scaffolding" to support such restructuring of psychiatric nosology, which likely requires incorporating many levels of information. By contrast, we find limited evidence for widespread common genetic risk sharing among neurological disorders or across neurological and psychiatric disorders. We show that both psychiatric and neurological disorders have robust correlations with cognitive and personality measures. Further study is needed to evaluate whether overlapping genetic contributions to psychiatric pathology may influence treatment choices. Ultimately, such developments may pave the way toward reduced heterogeneity and improved diagnosis and treatment of psychiatric disorders

El programa de mejoramiento académico como propuesta de innovación para los ciclos de nivelación de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas

ResumenLa Facultad de Ciencias Médicas para mejorar los procesos educativos estudió las condiciones de admisión y permanencia de los alumnos en la carrera. Una acción fue la creación del Departamento de Admisión en el año 2000. Desde entonces se promovieron una serie de cambios internos, curriculares y organizativos, orientados a mejorar la formación académica de los alumnos. La construcción de la propuesta de innovación educativa, se orientó a incorporar las competencias requeridas en el perfil del ingresante. Se propuso así ejecutar el Programa de Mejoramiento Académico acorde con la educación actual en Ciencias de la Salud. Los resultados logrados a través del Programa de Mejoramiento Académico se expusieron a partir de la participación en eventos de Extensión Universitaria, participación en Eventos Científicos, desarrollo de una Tesis Doctoral, participación en Jornadas de Articulación, Organización de la Biblioteca del Departamento de Admisión, dictado de cursos de formación docente para ayudantes-alumnos y en el Plan de Formación Docente de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. El Programa de Mejoramiento Académico fue evaluado por el agente nacional de acreditación que expresó en su informe acerca de la calidad en la organización, transparencia, seriedad técnica y capacidad docente que la situación del sistema de admisión requería.Palabras clave: Mejoramiento académico; Ciclos de nivelación; Ciencias médicasAbstractIn order to improve its educational processes, the School of Medical Sciences (Facultad de Ciencias Médicas) performed a survey of the admission and stay period of medical students. One important step was the creation of the Admission Department in 2000. Ever since, a series of internal changes were introduced, both curricular and organizational, aimed at improving students’ academic formation. The proposed educational innovations were designed to provide those competences listed in the profile of the student to be admitted. Therefore, the Academic Improvement Program was attuned to current trends in Health Sciences Education. The results obtained through the Academic Improvement Program were expounded in events organized by University Extension Departments, scientific conferences, a PhD thesis, and open door days, and taken into account in the creation of the Admission Department Library, formation courses for students serving as auxiliary teachers, and the Formation Program for the faculty of the School of Medicine. The Academic Improvement Program was assessed by the Argentine university accreditation agency, whose report dealt with the organizational quality, transparence, technical proficiency and pedagogical capabilities required by the admissions system. Keywords: Academic improvement; Admission cycles; Medical science

Seminário: avaliação em políticas públicas

O curso contém o seminário sobre avaliação em políticas públicas: desafios éticos e metodológicos na produção de informação e conhecimento para programas sociais.Programa do curso: 2 p.Apresentações em PDF: 09Administração PúblicaPolíticas Públicas e SociaisA Revista Brasileira de Monitoramento e Avaliação nº 5 está publicada no site da SAGI em http://aplicacoes.mds.gov.br/sagi/portal/grupo.php?g=96O Caderno de Estudos nº 16 está publicado no site da SAGI em http://aplicacoes.mds.gov.br/sagirmps/ferramentas/docs/Caderno%20de%20Estudo%20N.16.pd

Acid suppression therapy, gastrointestinal bleeding and infection in acute pancreatitis - An international cohort study

BACKGROUND: Acid suppressing drugs (ASD) are generally used in acute pancreatitis (AP); however, large cohorts are not available to understand their efficiency and safety. Therefore, our aims were to evaluate the association between the administration of ASDs, the outcome of AP, the frequency of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding and GI infection in patients with AP. METHODS: We initiated an international survey and performed retrospective data analysis on AP patients hospitalized between January 2013 and December 2018. RESULTS: Data of 17,422 adult patients with AP were collected from 59 centers of 23 countries. We found that 23.3% of patients received ASDs before and 86.6% during the course of AP. ASDs were prescribed to 57.6% of patients at discharge. ASD administration was associated with more severe AP and higher mortality. GI bleeding was reported in 4.7% of patients, and it was associated with pancreatitis severity, mortality and ASD therapy. Stool culture test was performed in 6.3% of the patients with 28.4% positive results. Clostridium difficile was the cause of GI infection in 60.5% of cases. Among the patients with GI infections, 28.9% received ASDs, whereas 24.1% were without any acid suppression treatment. GI infection was associated with more severe pancreatitis and higher mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Although ASD therapy is widely used, it is unlikely to have beneficial effects either on the outcome of AP or on the prevention of GI bleeding during AP. Therefore, ASD therapy should be substantially decreased in the therapeutic management of AP

Analysis of Shared Heritability in Common Disorders of the Brain

Disorders of the brain can exhibit considerable epidemiological comorbidity and often share symptoms, provoking debate about their etiologic overlap. We quantified the genetic sharing of 25 brain disorders from genome-wide association studies of 265,218 patients and 784,643 control participants and assessed their relationship to 17 phenotypes from 1,191,588 individuals. Psychiatric disorders share common variant risk, whereas neurological disorders appear more distinct from one another and from the psychiatric disorders. We also identified significant sharing between disorders and a number of brain phenotypes, including cognitive measures. Further, we conducted simulations to explore how statistical power, diagnostic misclassification, and phenotypic heterogeneity affect genetic correlations. These results highlight the importance of common genetic variation as a risk factor for brain disorders and the value of heritability-based methods in understanding their etiology