114 research outputs found
Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis
- Author
- Aahlin E. K.
- Aamer A.
- Aaniana K.
- Ababneh A.
- Abaliksta T.
- Abantanga F.
- Abbas M.
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- Publication venue
- Oxford University Press
- Publication date
- 01/01/2022
- Field of study
Background: There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low-and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods: Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results: Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US 92492millionusingapproach1and73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was 95004millionusingapproach1and75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion: For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially
Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.
- Author
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- Abbas M
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- Abd El Hameed OS
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- Yaseen TM
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- Yee J
- Yeo LS
- Yeung ENW
- Yong CO
- Youssef D
- Youssef H
- Youssif JH
- Zachariades D-C
- Zakir M
- Zalabia MF
- Zamarin K
- Zani A
- Zanini N
- Zapata Ponze De Leon M
- Zapata Ponze De Leon M
- Zardab A
- Zegarra S
- Zeidan S
- Zelada Alvarez II
- Zerihun AB
- Zhang Z
- Zheng F
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- Zimmermann EF
- Zuber M
- Publication venue
- 'Springer Science and Business Media LLC'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112
Burden of cardiovascular diseases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, 1990-2015 : findings from the Global Burden of Disease 2015 study
- Author
- Abajobir Amanuel A.
- Abdulkader Rizwan S.
- Abouzeid Marian
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M.
- Afshin Ashkan
- Ahmad Kiadaliri Aliasghar
- Ahmed Muktar B.
- Aksut Baran
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa
- Alam Khurshid
- Alasfoor Deena
- Ali Raghib
- Alizadeh-Navaei Reza
- Alsharif Ubai
- Altirkawi Khalid A.
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Anber Nahla
- Anwari Palwasha
- Arnlov Johan
- Asgedom Solomon W.
- Atey Tesfay M.
- Awasthi Ashish
- Bacha Umar
- Barac Aleksandra
- Barker-Collo Suzanne L.
- Barnighausen Till
- Bedi Neeraj
- Bennett Derrick A.
- Berhe Derbew F.
- Biadgilign Sibhatu
- Butt Zahid A.
- Carapetis Jonathan R.
- Castro Ruben E.
- Charara Raghid
- Chew Adrienne
- Chitheer Abdulaal A.
- Collison Michael
- Cornaby Leslie
- Daoud Farah
- Davletov Kairat
- Dharmaratne Samath D.
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Do Huyen Phuc
- Dubey Manisha
- Ebrahimi Hedyeh
- El Bcheraoui Charbel
- Eshrati Babak
- Esteghamati Alireza
- Farvid Maryam S.
- Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad
- Fischer Florian
- Foreman Kyle J.
- Frostad Joseph
- GBD 2015 Eastern Mediterranean Region Cardiovascular Disease Collaborators .
- Gebrehiwot Solomon W.
- Gebrehiwot Tsegaye T.
- Gillum Richard F.
- Gona Philimon N.
- Gupta Rajeev
- Hafezi-Nejad Nima
- Hamadeh Randah Ribhi
- Hamidi Samer
- Hay Simon I.
- Hsairi Mohamed
- Jee Sunha
- Jonas Jost B.
- Jumaan Aisha O.
- Karimkhani Chante
- Kasaeian Amir
- Kassebaum Nicholas J.
- Kemmer Laura
- Khader Yousef S.
- Khalil Ibrahim
- Khan Ejaz A.
- Kim Daniel
- Krohn Kristopher J.
- Kutz Michael
- Lal Dharmesh K.
- Larson Heidi J.
- Latif Asma A.
- Linn Shai
- Liu Patrick
- Lotufo Paulo A.
- Lunevicius Raimundas
- Magdy Abd El Razek Hassan
- Majeed Azeem
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malta Deborah C.
- Meier Toni
- Memiah Peter
- Memish Ziad A.
- Mendoza Walter
- Mensah George A.
- Meretoja Atte
- Milicevic Milena M.
- Miller Ted R.
- Mirarefin Mojde
- Mirrakhimov Erkin M.
- Mohammed Shafiu
- Mokdad Ali H.
- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
- Murray Christopher J. L.
- Naghavi Mohsen
- Nguyen Grant
- Nguyen Quyen Le
- Nong Vuong M.
- Pearson-Stuttard Jonathan
- Pishgar Farhad
- Pourmalek Farshad
- Qorbani Mostafa
- Radfar Amir
- Rafay Anwar
- Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
- Rai Rajesh K.
- Rana Saleem M.
- Rawaf David L.
- Rawaf Salman
- Renzaho Andre M. N. (R17978)
- Rezaei Satar
- Roba Kedir T.
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Roth Gregory A.
- Safdarian Mahdi
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Sahraian Mohammad A.
- Salamati Payman
- Samy Abdallah M.
- Sartorius Benn
- Sepanlou Sadaf G.
- Shaikh Masood A.
- Silva Diego A.
- Singh Jasvinder A.
- Sobaih Badr H.
- Stroumpoulis Konstantinos
- Szoeke Cassandra E.
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Tran Bach X.
- Ukwaja Kingsley N.
- Uthman Olalekan A.
- Vasankari Tommi
- Vlassov Vasiliy V.
- Vollset Stein E.
- Vos Theo
- Wakayo Tolassa
- Wang Haidong
- Weintraub Robert G.
- Wessly Priscilla R.
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wolfe Charles D.
- Workicho Abdulhalik
- Yaghoubi Mohsen
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zaki Maysaa El Sayed
- Zipkin Ben
- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 01/01/2017
- Field of study
To report the burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) during 1990-2015. We used the 2015 Global Burden of Disease study for estimates of mortality and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of different CVD in 22 countries of EMR. A total of 1.4 million CVD deaths (95% UI: 1.3-1.5) occurred in 2015 in the EMR, with the highest number of deaths in Pakistan (465,116) and the lowest number of deaths in Qatar (723). The age-standardized DALY rate per 100,000 decreased from 10,080 in 1990 to 8606 in 2015 (14.6% decrease). Afghanistan had the highest age-standardized DALY rate of CVD in both 1990 and 2015. Kuwait and Qatar had the lowest age-standardized DALY rates of CVD in 1990 and 2015, respectively. High blood pressure, high total cholesterol, and high body mass index were the leading risk factors for CVD. The age-standardized DALY rates in the EMR are considerably higher than the global average. These findings call for a comprehensive approach to prevent and control the burden of CVD in the region.Peer reviewe
Global age-sex-specific fertility, mortality, healthy life expectancy (HALE), and population estimates in 204 countries and territories, 1950-2019 : a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019
- Author
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbas Kaja M.
- Abbasi Mohammad
- Abbasi-Kangevari Mohsen
- Abbasifard Mitra
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahi Mohammad
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abedi Aidin
- Abedi Parisa
- Abegaz Kedir H.
- Abolhassani Hassan
- Abosetugn Akine E.
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrams Elissa M.
- Abreu Lucas G.
- Abrigo Michael R. M.
- Abu Haimed Abdulaziz K.
- Abu-Gharbieh Eman
- Abu-Raddad Laith J.
- Abualhasan Ahmed
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Acebedo Alyssa
- Ackerman Ilana N.
- Adabi Maryam
- Adair Tim
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedeji Isaac A.
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adelson Jaimie D.
- Adeoye Abiodun M.
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O.
- Adham Davoud
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshari Mahdi
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agardh Emilie E.
- Agarwal Gina
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- Agesa Kareha M.
- Aghaali Mohammad
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- Ahmad Tauseef
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- Nagel Gabriele
- Naghavi Mohsen
- Naghshtabrizi Behshad
- Naik Gurudatta
- Naimzada Mukhammad D.
- Nair Sanjeev
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- Quazi Syed Zahiruddin
- Rabiee Mohammad
- Rabiee Navid
- Radfar Amir
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- Raggi Alberto
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahman Mohammad H.
- Rahman Muhammad A.
- Rajabpour-Sanati Ali
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Rakovac Ivo
- Ram Pradhum
- Ramezanzadeh Kiana
- Rana Saleem M.
- Ranabhat Chhabi L.
- Ranta Annemarei
- Rao Puja C.
- Rao Sowmya J.
- Rasella Davide
- Rashedi Vahid
- Rastogi Prateek
- Rath Goura K.
- Rathi Priya
- Rawaf David L.
- Rawaf Salman
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- Rawassizadeh Reza
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- Reiner Robert C.
- Reinig Nickolas
- Reitsma Marissa B.
- Remuzzi Giuseppe
- Renjith Vishnu
- Renzaho Andre M. N. (R17978)
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: Accurate and up-to-date assessment of demographic metrics is crucial for understanding a wide range of social, economic, and public health issues that affect populations worldwide. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 produced updated and comprehensive demographic assessments of the key indicators of fertility, mortality, migration, and population for 204 countries and territories and selected subnational locations from 1950 to 2019.
Methods: 8078 country-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 938 surveys, 349 censuses, and 238 other sources were identified and used to estimate age-specific fertility. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate age-specific fertility rates for 5-year age groups between ages 15 and 49 years. With extensions to age groups 10–14 and 50–54 years, the total fertility rate (TFR) was then aggregated using the estimated age-specific fertility between ages 10 and 54 years. 7417 sources were used for under-5 mortality estimation and 7355 for adult mortality. ST-GPR was used to synthesise data sources after correction for known biases. Adult mortality was measured as the probability of death between ages 15 and 60 years based on vital registration, sample registration, and sibling histories, and was also estimated using ST-GPR. HIV-free life tables were then estimated using estimates of under-5 and adult mortality rates using a relational model life table system created for GBD, which closely tracks observed age-specific mortality rates from complete vital registration when available. Independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated by an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys and antenatal clinic serosurveillance and other sources were incorporated into the estimates in countries with large epidemics. Annual and single-year age estimates of net migration and population for each country and territory were generated using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model that analysed estimated age-specific fertility and mortality rates along with 1250 censuses and 747 population registry years. We classified location-years into seven categories on the basis of the natural rate of increase in population (calculated by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate) and the net migration rate. We computed healthy life expectancy (HALE) using years lived with disability (YLDs) per capita, life tables, and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty was propagated throughout the demographic estimation process, including fertility, mortality, and population, with 1000 draw-level estimates produced for each metric. Findings: The global TFR decreased from 2·72 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 2·66–2·79) in 2000 to 2·31 (2·17–2·46) in 2019. Global annual livebirths increased from 134·5 million (131·5–137·8) in 2000 to a peak of 139·6 million (133·0–146·9) in 2016. Global livebirths then declined to 135·3 million (127·2–144·1) in 2019. Of the 204 countries and territories included in this study, in 2019, 102 had a TFR lower than 2·1, which is considered a good approximation of replacement-level fertility. All countries in sub-Saharan Africa had TFRs above replacement level in 2019 and accounted for 27·1% (95% UI 26·4–27·8) of global livebirths. Global life expectancy at birth increased from 67·2 years (95% UI 66·8–67·6) in 2000 to 73·5 years (72·8–74·3) in 2019. The total number of deaths increased from 50·7 million (49·5–51·9) in 2000 to 56·5 million (53·7–59·2) in 2019. Under-5 deaths declined from 9·6 million (9·1–10·3) in 2000 to 5·0 million (4·3–6·0) in 2019. Global population increased by 25·7%, from 6·2 billion (6·0–6·3) in 2000 to 7·7 billion (7·5–8·0) in 2019. In 2019, 34 countries had negative natural rates of increase; in 17 of these, the population declined because immigration was not sufficient to counteract the negative rate of decline. Globally, HALE increased from 58·6 years (56·1–60·8) in 2000 to 63·5 years (60·8–66·1) in 2019. HALE increased in 202 of 204 countries and territories between 2000 and 2019
Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy
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- Aamer A
- Aaniana K
- Ababneh A
- Abaliksta T
- Abantanga F
- Abantanga F
- Abbas A
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- Abbasy J
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- Abbott T
- Abbouch M
- Abd El Galeel A
- Abd El Hameed OS
- Abd El Hamid N
- Abd El Salam Y
- Abd El Slam M
- Abd El-Salam F
- Abd Elrasoul Y
- Abd-Elmawla M
- Abd-Elrasoul Y
- Abdallah E
- Abdallah E
- Abdel-Aty A
- Abdel-Hameed N
- Abdel-Kader SM
- Abdel-Wahab NYE
- Abdelaal A
- Abdelaty M
- Abdelazeam AR
- Abdelazim G
- Abdelaziz MA
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- AbdelFattah I
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- Abdelhamed R
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- Khreishi R
- Khulu LB
- Khyrallh A
- Kiasat A
- Kidd T
- Kielty P
- Kim MY-H
- Kim S-H
- Kim SB
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- Kinandu K
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- Kiran RP
- Kirby A
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- Kojo ATT
- Kolosov A
- Komolafe O
- Kondrotas P
- Kong C
- Kong SN
- Kong V
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- Konstantina K
- Kontos M
- Kordorwu HEK
- Korkolis D
- Kosai NR
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- Kose E
- Koskenvuo L
- Kostov E
- Kotb AHE-B
- Kotecha D
- Koto MZ
- Kotobi H
- Koumpa F
- Kouraklis G
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- Kyrou G
- Kyziridis D
- L'Heveder A
- La Brocca A
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- Labib P
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- Lakshmi HN
- Lam FY
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- Lam WH
- Lamanna GL
- Lanau MIV
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- Landolfo G
- Lap G
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- Lasek A
- Lasheen A
- Lasheen KT
- Latif A
- Laugzemys E
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- Laurie K
- Lauzikas G
- Law JH
- Lawal A
- Lawal AO
- Lawal T
- Lawal TA
- Lawani I
- Lawther R
- Lazzari G
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- Lazzarini Cury AD
- Le VTH
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- Lecompte J-F
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- Leusink A
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- Limoges B
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- Macfarlane A
- Machaca M
- Machain Vega GM
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- Maciejec L
- Madiba T
- Madkor MH
- Madrid Barrientos LA
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- Mohamed F
- Mohamed I
- Mohamed M
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- Mohamed MAEH
- Mohamed MM
- Mohamed O
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- Mohammad A
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- Mohammed MMH
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- Montoya Botero JA
- Montrimaite M
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- Samaraweera DI
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- Publication venue
- Publication date
- 15/10/2018
- Field of study
Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe
Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 354 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
- Author
- Abate Degu
- Abate Kalkidan Hassen
- Abay Solomon M
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasi Nooshin
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdela Jemal
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abebe Zegeye
- Abera Semaw F
- Abil Olifan Zewdie
- Abraha Haftom Niguse
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M E
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Acharya Dilaram
- Acharya Pawan
- Ackerman Ilana N
- Adamu Abdu A
- Adebayo Oladimeji M
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O
- Adib Mina G
- Adsuar Jose C
- Afanvi Kossivi Agbelenko
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Agesa Kareha M
- Aggarwal Rakesh
- Aghayan Sargis Aghasi
- Agrawal Sutapa
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aichour Amani Nidhal
- Aichour Ibtihel
- Aichour Miloud Taki Eddine
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akseer Nadia
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Eyadhy Ayman
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Tahiya
- Alashi Alaa
- Alavian Seyed Moayed
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alizadeh-Navaei Reza
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Alouani Mohamed M L
- Altirkawi Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Amare Azmeraw T
- Aminde Leopold N
- Ammar Walid
- Amoako Yaw Ampem
- Anber Nahla Hamed
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Androudi Sofia
- Animut Megbaru Debalkie
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansha Mustafa Geleto
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T
- Anwari Palwasha
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arauz Antonio
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariani Filippo
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- Asayesh Hamid
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- Ausloos Marcel
- Avila-Burgos Leticia
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- Awasthi Ashish
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
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- Babazadeh Arefeh
- Badali Hamid
- Badawi Alaa
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- Ballew Shoshana H
- Banach Maciej
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- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
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- Dorsey E Ray
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- Driscoll Tim Robert
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- Ghasemi-Kasman Maryam
- Ghimire Mamata
- Ghosh Rakesh
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- Haagsma Juanita A
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- Ileanu Bogdan
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- Iqbal Usman
- Irvani Seyed Sina Naghibi
- Irvine Caleb Mackay Salpeter
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
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- Jahangiry Leila
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- Majdan Marek
- Majdzadeh Reza
- Majeed Azeem
- Malekzadeh Reza
- Malta Deborah Carvalho
- Mamun Abdullah A
- Manda Ana-Laura
- Manguerra Helena
- Manhertz Treh
- Mansournia Mohammad Ali
- Mantovani Lorenzo Giovanni
- Mapoma Chabila Christopher
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- Massenburg Benjamin Ballard
- Mathur Manu Raj
- Matsushita Kunihiro
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- Mehndiratta Man Mohan
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- Mekonen Tesfa
- Melese Addisu
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- Misganaw Awoke Temesgen
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- Mitiku Habtamu
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- Mohajer Bahram
- Mohammad Karzan Abdulmuhsin
- Mohammadifard Noushin
- Mohammadnia-Afrouzi Mousa
- Mohammed Mohammed A
- Mohammed Shafiu
- Mohebi Farnam
- Moitra Modhurima
- Mokdad Ali H
- Molokhia Mariam
- Monasta Lorenzo
- Moodley Yoshan
- Moosazadeh Mahmood
- Moradi Ghobad
- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
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- Moraga Paula
- Morawska Lidia
- Moreno Velásquez Ilais
- Morgado-Da-Costa Joana
- Morrison Shane Douglas
- Moschos Marilita M
- Mousavi Seyyed Meysam
- Mruts Kalayu Brhane
- Muche Achenef Asmamaw
- Muchie Kindie Fentahun
- Mueller Ulrich Otto
- Muhammed Oumer Sada
- Mukhopadhyay Satinath
- Muller Kate
- Mumford John Everett
- Murhekar Manoj
- Murray Christopher J L
- Musa Jonah
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Mustafa Ghulam
- März Winfried
- Nabhan Ashraf F
- Nagata Chie
- Naghavi Mohsen
- Naheed Aliya
- Nahvijou Azin
- Naik Gurudatta
- Naik Nitish
- Najafi Farid
- Naldi Luigi
- Nam Hae Sung
- Nangia Vinay
- Nansseu Jobert Richie
- Nascimento Bruno Ramos
- Natarajan Gopalakrishnan
- Neamati Nahid
- Negoi Ionut
- Negoi Ruxandra Irina
- Neupane Subas
- Newton Charles Richard James
- Ngunjiri Josephine W
- Nguyen Anh Quynh
- Nguyen Ha Thu
- Nguyen Huong Lan Thi
- Nguyen Huong Thanh
- Nguyen Long Hoang
- Nguyen Minh
- Nguyen Nam Ba
- Nguyen Son Hoang
- Nichols Emma
- Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini
- Nixon Molly R
- Nolutshungu Nomonde
- Nomura Shuhei
- Norheim Ole F
- Noroozi Mehdi
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- Noubiap Jean Jacques
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- Olivares Pedro R
- Olsen Helen Elizabeth
- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Ong Kanyin L
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- Oren Eyal
- Ortiz Alberto
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- Otstavnov Stanislav S
- Owolabi Mayowa Ojo
- P A Mahesh
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- Pakpour Amir H
- Pana Adrian
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- Parisi Andrea
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- Patle Ajay
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- Pearce Neil
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- Perico Norberto
- Pesudovs Konrad
- Pham Hai Quang
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- Pillay Julian David
- Piradov Michael A
- Pirsaheb Meghdad
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- Plass Dietrich
- Polinder Suzanne
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- Prakash Swayam
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- Radfar Amir
- Rafay Anwar
- Rafiei Alireza
- Rahim Fakher
- Rahimi Kazem
- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
- Rahman Mahfuzar
- Rahman Mohammad Hifz ur
- Rahman Muhammad Aziz
- Rahman Sajjad Ur
- Rai Rajesh Kumar
- Rajati Fatemeh
- Ram Usha
- Ranjan Prabhat
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- Rawaf David Laith
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- Resnikoff Serge
- Rezaei Satar
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- Roever Leonardo
- Ronfani Luca
- Roshandel Gholamreza
- Rostami Ali
- Roth Gregory A
- Roy Ambuj
- Rubagotti Enrico
- Sachdev Perminder S
- Sadat Nafis
- Saddik Basema
- Sadeghi Ehsan
- Saeedi Moghaddam Sahar
- Safari Hosein
- Safari Yahya
- Safari-Faramani Roya
- Safdarian Mahdi
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Sajadi Haniye Sadat
- Salam Nasir
- Salama Joseph S
- Salamati Payman
- Saleem Komal
- Saleem Zikria
- Salimi Yahya
- Salomon Joshua A
- Salvi Sundeep Santosh
- Salz Inbal
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- Sang Yingying
- Santomauro Damian Francesco
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- Santos João Vasco
- Santric Milicevic Milena M
- Sao Jose Bruno Piassi
- Sardana Mayank
- Sarker Abdur Razzaque
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
- Sartorius Benn
- Sarvi Shahabeddin
- Sathian Brijesh
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- Sawhney Monika
- Saxena Sonia
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- Schöttker Ben
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- Sekerija Mario
- Sepanlou Sadaf G
- Serván-Mori Edson
- Seyedmousavi Seyedmojtaba
- Shabaninejad Hosein
- Shafieesabet Azadeh
- Shahbazi Mehdi
- Shaheen Amira A
- Shaikh Masood Ali
- Shams-Beyranvand Mehran
- Shamsi Mohammadbagher
- Shamsizadeh Morteza
- Sharafi Heidar
- Sharafi Kiomars
- Sharif Mehdi
- Sharif-Alhoseini Mahdi
- Sharma Meenakshi
- Sharma Rajesh
- She Jun
- Sheikh Aziz
- Shi Peilin
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shiri Rahman
- Shirkoohi Reza
- Shishani Kawkab
- Shiue Ivy
- Shokraneh Farhad
- Shoman Haitham
- Shrime Mark G
- Si Si
- Siabani Soraya
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- Sigfusdottir Inga Dora
- Sigurvinsdottir Rannveig
- Silva João Pedro
- Silveira Dayane Gabriele Alves
- Singam Narayana Sarma Venkata
- Singh Jasvinder A
- Singh Narinder Pal
- Singh Virendra
- Sinha Dhirendra Narain
- Skiadaresi Eirini
- Slepak Erica Leigh N
- Sliwa Karen
- Smith David L
- Smith Mari
- Soares Filho Adauto Martins
- Sobaih Badr Hasan
- Sobhani Soheila
- Sobngwi Eugène
- Soneji Samir S
- Soofi Moslem
- Soosaraei Masoud
- Sorensen Reed J D
- Soriano Joan B
- Soyiri Ireneous N
- Sposato Luciano A
- Sreeramareddy Chandrashekhar T
- Srinivasan Vinay
- Stanaway Jeffrey D
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- Steiner Caitlyn
- Steiner Timothy J
- Stokes Mark A
- Stovner Lars Jacob
- Subart Michelle L
- Sudaryanto Agus
- Sufiyan Mu'awiyyah Babale
- Sunguya Bruno F
- Sur Patrick John
- Sutradhar Ipsita
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- Sylte Dillon O
- Tabarés-Seisdedos Rafael
- Tadakamadla Santosh Kumar
- Tadesse Birkneh Tilahun
- Tandon Nikhil
- Tassew Segen Gebremeskel
- Tavakkoli Mohammad
- Taveira Nuno
- Taylor Hugh R
- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Tekalign Tigist Gashaw
- Tekelemedhin Shishay Wahdey
- Tekle Merhawi Gebremedhin
- Temesgen Habtamu
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Temsah Omar
- Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman
- Teweldemedhin Mebrahtu
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Thomas Nihal
- Tilahun Binyam
- To Quyen G
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Topouzis Fotis
- Torre Anna E
- Tortajada-Girbés Miguel
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Towbin Jeffrey A
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Tran Khanh Bao
- Troeger Christopher E
- Truelsen Thomas Clement
- Tsilimbaris Miltiadis K
- Tsoi Derrick
- Tudor Car Lorainne
- Tuzcu E Murat
- Ukwaja Kingsley N
- Ullah Irfan
- Undurraga Eduardo A
- Unutzer Jurgen
- Updike Rachel L
- Usman Muhammad Shariq
- Uthman Olalekan A
- Vaduganathan Muthiah
- Vaezi Afsane
- Valdez Pascual R
- Varughese Santosh
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Villafaina Santos
- Violante Francesco S
- Vladimirov Sergey Konstantinovitch
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vos Theo
- Vosoughi Kia
- Vujcic Isidora S
- Wagnew Fasil Shiferaw
- Waheed Yasir
- Waller Stephen G
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Weiderpass Elisabete
- Weintraub Robert G
- Weiss Daniel J
- Weldegebreal Fitsum
- Weldegwergs Kidu Gidey
- Werdecker Andrea
- West T Eoin
- Whiteford Harvey A
- Widecka Justyna
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Wilner Lauren B
- Wilson Shadrach
- Winkler Andrea Sylvia
- Wiyeh Alison B
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wolfe Charles D A
- Woolf Anthony D
- Wu Shouling
- Wu Yun-Chun
- Wyper Grant M A
- Xavier Denis
- Xu Gelin
- Yadgir Simon
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yahyazadeh Jabbari Seyed Hossein
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yan Lijing L
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasin Yasin Jemal
- Yeshaneh Alex
- Yimer Ebrahim M
- Yip Paul
- Yisma Engida
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- Yotebieng Marcel
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zaidi Zoubida
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zare Zohreh
- Zeleke Ayalew Jejaw
- Zenebe Zerihun Menlkalew
- Zhang Kai
- Zhao Zheng
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Zucker Inbar
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors 2017 includes a comprehensive assessment of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLDs) for 354 causes in 195 countries and territories from 1990 to 2017. Previous GBD studies have shown how the decline of mortality rates from 1990 to 2016 has led to an increase in life expectancy, an ageing global population, and an expansion of the non-fatal burden of disease and injury. These studies have also shown how a substantial portion of the world's population experiences non-fatal health loss with considerable heterogeneity among different causes, locations, ages, and sexes. Ongoing objectives of the GBD study include increasing the level of estimation detail, improving analytical strategies, and increasing the amount of high-quality data. METHODS: We estimated incidence and prevalence for 354 diseases and injuries and 3484 sequelae. We used an updated and extensive body of literature studies, survey data, surveillance data, inpatient admission records, outpatient visit records, and health insurance claims, and additionally used results from cause of death models to inform estimates using a total of 68 781 data sources. Newly available clinical data from India, Iran, Japan, Jordan, Nepal, China, Brazil, Norway, and Italy were incorporated, as well as updated claims data from the USA and new claims data from Taiwan (province of China) and Singapore. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, as the main method of estimation, ensuring consistency between rates of incidence, prevalence, remission, and cause of death for each condition. YLDs were estimated as the product of a prevalence estimate and a disability weight for health states of each mutually exclusive sequela, adjusted for comorbidity. We updated the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a summary development indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and total fertility rate. Additionally, we calculated differences between male and female YLDs to identify divergent trends across sexes. GBD 2017 complies with the Guidelines for Accurate and Transparent Health Estimates Reporting
Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 359 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.
- Author
- Abate Degu
- Abate Kalkidan Hassen
- Abay Solomon M
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasi Nooshin
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdela Jemal
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abebe Molla
- Abebe Zegeye
- Abil Olifan Zewdie
- Aboyans Victor
- Abrham Aklilu Roba
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M E
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Acharya Dilaram
- Acharya Pawan
- Ackerman Ilana N
- Adamu Abdu A
- Adebayo Oladimeji M
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Ademi Zanfina
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O
- Adib Mina G
- Adsuar Jose C
- Afanvi Kossivi Agbelenko
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Agesa Kareha M
- Aggarwal Rakesh
- Aghayan Sargis Aghasi
- Agrawal Anurag
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Sayem
- Aichour Amani Nidhal
- Aichour Ibtihel
- Aichour Miloud Taki Eddine
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akseer Nadia
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Eyadhy Ayman
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M
- Al-Raddadi Rajaa M
- Alahdab Fares
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Tahiya
- Alashi Alaa
- Alavian Seyed Moayed
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alizadeh-Navaei Reza
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alla François
- Allebeck Peter
- Alonso Jordi
- Alsharif Ubai
- Altirkawi Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Aminde Leopold N
- Amini Erfan
- Amiresmaili Mohammadreza
- Ammar Walid
- Amoako Yaw Ampem
- Anber Nahla Hamed
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Androudi Sofia
- Animut Megbaru Debalkie
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansha Mustafa Geleto
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T
- Anwari Palwasha
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aremu Olatunde
- Arora Amit
- Arora Megha
- Artaman Al
- Aryal Krishna K
- Asayesh Hamid
- Ataro Zerihun
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avila-Burgos Leticia
- Avokpaho Euripide F G A
- Awasthi Ashish
- Ayala Quintanilla Beatriz Paulina
- Ayer Rakesh
- Azzopardi Peter S
- Babazadeh Arefeh
- Badali Hamid
- Balakrishnan Kalpana
- Bali Ayele Geleto
- Banach Maciej
- Banoub Joseph Adel Mattar
- Barac Aleksandra
- Barboza Miguel A
- Barker-Collo Suzanne Lyn
- Barquera Simon
- Barrero Lope H
- Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad
- Bedi Neeraj
- Beghi Ettore
- Behzadifar Masoud
- Behzadifar Meysam
- Bekele Bayu Begashaw
- Bekru Eyasu Tamru
- Belachew Abate Bekele
- Belay Yihalem Abebe
- Bell Michelle L
- Bello Aminu K
- Bennett Derrick A
- Bensenor Isabela M
- Berhane Adugnaw
- Bernabe Eduardo
- Bernstein Robert S
- Beuran Mircea
- Beyranvand Tina
- Bhala Neeraj
- Bhatt Samir
- Bhaumik Soumyadeep
- Bhutta Zulfiqar A
- Biadgo Belete
- Biehl Molly H
- Bijani Ali
- Bikbov Boris
- Bilano Ver
- Bililign Nigus
- Bin Sayeed Muhammad Shahdaat
- Bisanzio Donal
- Bjørge Tone
- Bleyer Archie
- Bobasa Eshetu Mulisa
- Bou-Orm Ibrahim R
- Boufous Soufiane
- Bourne Rupert
- Brady Oliver J
- Brant Luisa C
- Brayne Carol
- Brazinova Alexandra
- Breitborde Nicholas J K
- Brenner Hermann
- Briant Paul Svitil
- Briko Andrey Nikolaevich
- Britton Gabrielle
- Brugha Traolach
- Buchbinder Rachelle
- Busse Reinhard
- Butt Zahid A
- Bärnighausen Till Winfried
- Cahuana-Hurtado Lucero
- Campuzano Rincon Julio Cesar
- Cano Jorge
- Carrero Juan J
- Carter Austin
- Carvalho Félix
- Castañeda-Orjuela Carlos A
- Castillo Rivas Jacqueline
- Castro Franz
- Catalá-López Ferrán
- Cercy Kelly M
- Cerin Ester
- Chaiah Yazan
- Chang Jung-Chen
- Charlson Fiona J
- Chattu Vijay Kumar
- Chiang Peggy Pei-Chia
- Chitheer Abdulaal
- Choi Jee-Young J
- Christensen Hanne
- Christopher Devasahayam J
- Chung Sheng-Chia
- Cicuttini Flavia M
- Cirillo Massimo
- Collado-Mateo Daniel
- Cooper Cyrus
- Cortesi Paolo Angelo
- Cortinovis Monica
- Cousin Ewerton
- Criqui Michael H
- Cromwell Elizabeth A
- Cross Marita
- Crump John A
- Cárdenas Rosario
- Daba Alemneh Kabeta
- Dachew Berihun Assefa
- Dadi Abel Fekadu
- Dandona Lalit
- Dandona Rakhi
- Dargan Paul I
- Daryani Ahmad
- Das Gupta Rajat
- Das Neves José
- Dasa Tamirat Tesfaye
- Davitoiu Dragos Virgil
- De La Hoz Fernando Pio
- De Leo Diego
- De Neve Jan-Walter
- De Steur Hans
- Degefa Meaza Girma
- Degenhardt Louisa
- Deiparine Selina
- Demoz Gebre Teklemariam
- Denova-Gutiérrez Edgar
- Deribe Kebede
- Dervenis Nikolaos
- Des Jarlais Don C
- Dey Subhojit
- Dharmaratne Samath D
- Dhimal Meghnath
- Dinberu Mesfin Tadese
- Dirac M Ashworth
- Djalalinia Shirin
- Doan Linh
- Dokova Klara
- Doku David Teye
- Dorsey E Ray
- Doyle Kerrie E
- Driscoll Tim Robert
- Dubey Manisha
- Dubljanin Eleonora
- Duken Eyasu Ejeta
- Duncan Bruce B
- Duraes Andre R
- Ebrahimi Hedyeh
- Ebrahimpour Soheil
- Echko Michelle M
- Edessa Dumessa
- Edvardsson David
- Effiong Andem
- Eggen Anne Elise
- Ehrlich Joshua R
- El Bcheraoui Charbel
- El-Khatib Ziad
- Elyazar Iqbal R F
- Enayati Ahmadali
- Endalifer Melese Linger
- Endries Aman Yesuf
- Er Benjamin
- Erskine Holly E
- Eskandarieh Sharareh
- Esteghamati Alireza
- Esteghamati Sadaf
- Fakhim Hamed
- Faramarzi Mahbobeh
- Fareed Mohammad
- Farhadi Farzaneh
- Farid Talha A
- Farinha Carla Sofia E sá
- Farioli Andrea
- Faro Andre
- Farzadfar Farshad
- Fazaeli Ali Akbar
- Feigin Valery L
- Fentahun Netsanet
- Fereshtehnejad Seyed-Mohammad
- Fernandes Eduarda
- Fernandes Joao C
- Ferrari Alize J
- Ferreira Manuela L
- Filip Irina
- Fischer Florian
- Fitzmaurice Christina
- Foigt Nataliya A
- Foreman Kyle J
- Frank Tahvi D
- Fukumoto Takeshi
- Fullman Nancy
- Furtado João M
- Fürst Thomas
- Gakidou Emmanuela
- Gall Seana
- Gallus Silvano
- Ganji Morsaleh
- Garcia-Basteiro Alberto L
- Gardner William M
- Gebre Abadi Kahsu
- Gebremedhin Amanuel Tesfay
- Gebremichael Teklu Gebrehiwo
- Gelano Tilayie Feto
- Geleijnse Johanna M
- Genova-Maleras Ricard
- Geramo Yilma Chisha Dea
- Gething Peter W
- Gezae Kebede Embaye
- Ghadami Mohammad Rasoul
- Ghadiri Keyghobad
- Ghasemi-Kasman Maryam
- Ghimire Mamata
- Ghoshal Aloke Gopal
- Gill Paramjit Singh
- Gill Tiffany K
- Ginawi Ibrahim Abdelmageed
- Giussani Giorgia
- Gnedovskaya Elena V
- Goldberg Ellen M
- Goli Srinivas
- Gona Philimon N
- Gopalani Sameer Vali
- Gorman Taren M
- Goulart Alessandra C
- Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia
- Grada Ayman
- Grosso Giuseppe
- Gugnani Harish Chander
- Guillemin Francis
- Guo Yuming
- Gupta Prakash C
- Gupta Rahul
- Gupta Rajeev
- Gupta Tanush
- Gutiérrez Reyna Alma
- Gyawali Bishal
- Gómez-Dantés Hector
- Haagsma Juanita A
- Hachinski Vladimir
- Hafezi-Nejad Nima
- Haghparast Bidgoli Hassan
- Hagos Tekleberhan B
- Hailegiyorgis Tewodros Tesfa
- Haj-Mirzaian Arvin
- Haj-Mirzaian Arya
- Hamadeh Randah R
- Hamidi Samer
- Handal Alexis J
- Hankey Graeme J
- Hao Yuantao
- Harb Hilda L
- Harikrishnan Sivadasanpillai
- Haririan Hamidreza
- Haro Josep Maria
- Hassankhani Hadi
- Hassen Hamid Yimam
- Havmoeller Rasmus
- Hay Roderick J
- Hay Simon I
- Hedayatizadeh-Omran Akbar
- Heibati Behzad
- Hendrie Delia
- Henok Andualem
- Heredia-Pi Ileana
- Herteliu Claudiu
- Heydarpour Fatemeh
- Heydarpour Pouria
- Hibstu Desalegn Tsegaw
- Hoek Hans W
- Hoffman Howard J
- Hole Michael K
- Homaie Rad Enayatollah
- Hoogar Praveen
- Hosgood H Dean
- Hosseini Seyed Mostafa
- Hosseinzadeh Mehdi
- Hostiuc Mihaela
- Hostiuc Sorin
- Hotez Peter J
- Hoy Damian G
- Hsairi Mohamed
- Htet Aung Soe
- Huang John J
- Iburg Kim Moesgaard
- Ikeda Chad Thomas
- Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen
- Irvani Seyed Sina Naghibi
- Irvine Caleb Mackay Salpeter
- Islam Sheikh Mohammed Shariful
- Islami Farhad
- Jacobsen Kathryn H
- Jahangiry Leila
- Jahanmehr Nader
- Jain Sudhir Kumar
- Jakovljevic Mihajlo
- James Spencer L
- Jayatilleke Achala Upendra
- Jeemon Panniyammakal
- Jha Ravi Prakash
- Jha Vivekanand
- Ji John S
- Johnson Catherine O
- Jonas Jost B
- Jonnagaddala Jitendra
- Jorjoran Shushtari Zahra
- Joshi Ankur
- Jozwiak Jacek Jerzy
- Jungari Suresh Banayya
- Jürisson Mikk
- Kabir Zubair
- Kadel Rajendra
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- Mohammed Shafiu
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- Morrison Shane Douglas
- Moschos Marilita M
- Mousavi Seyyed Meysam
- Mruts Kalayu Brhane
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- Muchie Kindie Fentahun
- Mueller Ulrich Otto
- Muhammed Oumer Sada
- Mukhopadhyay Satinath
- Muller Kate
- Mumford John Everett
- Murray Christopher J L
- Murthy G V S
- Musa Kamarul Imran
- Mustafa Ghulam
- März Winfried
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- Nagel Gabriele
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- Naheed Aliya
- Nahvijou Azin
- Naik Gurudatta
- Najafi Farid
- Nam Hae Sung
- Nangia Vinay
- Nansseu Jobert Richie
- Neamati Nahid
- Negoi Ionut
- Negoi Ruxandra Irina
- Neupane Subas
- Newton Charles Richard James
- Ngunjiri Josephine W
- Nguyen Anh Quynh
- Nguyen Grant
- Nguyen Ha Thu
- Nguyen Huong Lan Thi
- Nguyen Huong Thanh
- Nguyen Long Hoang
- Nguyen Minh
- Nguyen Nam Ba
- Nguyen Son Hoang
- Nichols Emma
- Ningrum Dina Nur Anggraini
- Nixon Molly R
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- Noroozi Mehdi
- Norrving Bo
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- Nsoesie Elaine O
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- Odell Christopher M
- Ofori-Asenso Richard
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- Olsen Helen Elizabeth
- Olusanya Bolajoko Olubukunola
- Olusanya Jacob Olusegun
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- Ortiz Alberto
- Ota Erika
- Otstavnov Stanislav S
- Owolabi Mayowa Ojo
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- Pesudovs Konrad
- Petzold Max
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- Polinder Suzanne
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- Rahimi-Movaghar Afarin
- Rahimi-Movaghar Vafa
- Rahman Mahfuzar
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- Rothenbacher Dietrich
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- Sadat Nafis
- Sadeghi Ehsan
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- Safdarian Mahdi
- Safi Sare
- Safiri Saeid
- Sagar Rajesh
- Sahebkar Amirhossein
- Sahraian Mohammad Ali
- Sajadi Haniye Sadat
- Salam Nasir
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- Salamati Payman
- Saleem Zikria
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- Salvi Sundeep Santosh
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- Sao Jose Bruno Piassi
- Sardana Mayank
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- Sarmiento-Suárez Rodrigo
- Sarrafzadegan Nizal
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- Sarvi Shahabeddin
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- Shabaninejad Hosein
- Shafieesabet Azadeh
- Shahbazi Mehdi
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- Shaikh Masood Ali
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- Shamsi Mohammadbagher
- Sharafi Heidar
- Sharafi Kiomars
- Sharif Mehdi
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- Sharma Jayendra
- Sharma Rajesh
- She Jun
- Sheikh Aziz
- Shi Peilin
- Shiadeh Malihe Nourollahpour
- Shibuya Kenji
- Shiferaw Mekonnen Sisay
- Shigematsu Mika
- Shiri Rahman
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- Shiue Ivy
- Shokoohinia Yalda
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- Tehrani-Banihashemi Arash
- Tekalign Tigist Gashaw
- Tekelemedhin Shishay Wahdey
- Tekle Merhawi Gebremedhin
- Temsah Mohamad-Hani
- Temsah Omar
- Terkawi Abdullah Sulieman
- Tessema Belay
- Teweldemedhin Mebrahtu
- Thankappan Kavumpurathu Raman
- Theis Andrew
- Thirunavukkarasu Sathish
- Thomas Nihal
- Tilahun Binyam
- To Quyen G
- Tonelli Marcello
- Topor-Madry Roman
- Torre Anna E
- Tortajada-Girbés Miguel
- Touvier Mathilde
- Tovani-Palone Marcos Roberto
- Towbin Jeffrey A
- Tran Bach Xuan
- Tran Khanh Bao
- Troeger Christopher E
- Tsadik Afewerki Gebremeskel
- Tsoi Derrick
- Tudor Car Lorainne
- Tyrovolas Stefanos
- Ukwaja Kingsley Nnanna
- Ullah Irfan
- Undurraga Eduardo A
- Updike Rachel L
- Usman Muhammad Shariq
- Uthman Olalekan A
- Vaduganathan Muthiah
- Vaezi Afsane
- Valdez Pascual R
- Varavikova Elena
- Varughese Santosh
- Vasankari Tommi Juhani
- Venketasubramanian Narayanaswamy
- Villafaina Santos
- Violante Francesco S
- Vladimirov Sergey Konstantinovitch
- Vlassov Vasily
- Vollset Stein Emil
- Vos Theo
- Vosoughi Kia
- Vujcic Isidora S
- Wagnew Fasil Shiferaw
- Waheed Yasir
- Wang Yafeng
- Wang Yuan-Pang
- Weiderpass Elisabete
- Weintraub Robert G
- Weiss Daniel J
- Weldegebreal Fitsum
- Weldegwergs Kidu Gidey
- Werdecker Andrea
- West T Eoin
- Westerman Ronny
- Whiteford Harvey A
- Widecka Justyna
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Williams Hywel C
- Wilner Lauren B
- Wilson Shadrach
- Winkler Andrea Sylvia
- Wiyeh Alison B
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wolfe Charles D A
- Woolf Anthony D
- Wyper Grant M A
- Xavier Denis
- Xu Gelin
- Yadgir Simon
- Yahyazadeh Jabbari Seyed Hossein
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yan Lijing L
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasin Yasin Jemal
- Yeshaneh Alex
- Yimer Ebrahim M
- Yip Paul
- Yisma Engida
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- Yotebieng Marcel
- Younis Mustafa Z
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zadnik Vesna
- Zaidi Zoubida
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zandian Hamed
- Zar Heather J
- Zenebe Zerihun Menlkalew
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zipkin Ben
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Zucker Inbar
- Zuhlke Liesl Joanna
- Ärnlöv Johan
- Øverland Simon
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
How long one lives, how many years of life are spent in good and poor health, and how the population's state of health and leading causes of disability change over time all have implications for policy, planning, and provision of services. We comparatively assessed the patterns and trends of healthy life expectancy (HALE), which quantifies the number of years of life expected to be lived in good health, and the complementary measure of disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), a composite measure of disease burden capturing both premature mortality and prevalence and severity of ill health, for 359 diseases and injuries for 195 countries and territories over the past 28 years. Methods We used data for age-specific mortality rates, years of life lost (YLLs) due to premature mortality, and years lived with disability (YLDs) from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 to calculate HALE and DALYs from 1990 to 2017. We calculated HALE using age-specific mortality rates and YLDs per capita for each location, age, sex, and year. We calculated DALYs for 359 causes as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We assessed how observed HALE and DALYs differed by country and sex from expected trends based on Socio-demographic Index (SDI). We also analysed HALE by decomposing years of life gained into years spent in good health and in poor health, between 1990 and 2017, and extra years lived by females compared with males. Findings Globally, from 1990 to 2017, life expectancy at birth increased by 7·4 years (95% uncertainty interval 7·1-7·8), from 65·6 years (65·3-65·8) in 1990 to 73·0 years (72·7-73·3) in 2017. The increase in years of life varied from 5·1 years (5·0-5·3) in high SDI countries to 12·0 years (11·3-12·8) in low SDI countries. Of the additional years of life expected at birth, 26·3% (20·1-33·1) were expected to be spent in poor health in high SDI countries compared with 11·7% (8·8-15·1) in low-middle SDI countries. HALE at birth increased by 6·3 years (5·9-6·7), from 57·0 years (54·6-59·1) in 1990 to 63·3 years (60·5-65·7) in 2017. The increase varied from 3·8 years (3·4-4·1) in high SDI countries to 10·5 years (9·8-11·2) in low SDI countries. Even larger variations in HALE than these were observed between countries, ranging from 1·0 year (0·4-1·7) in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (62·4 years [59·9-64·7] in 1990 to 63·5 years [60·9-65·8] in 2017) to 23·7 years (21·9-25·6) in Eritrea (30·7 years [28·9-32·2] in 1990 to 54·4 years [51·5-57·1] in 2017). In most countries, the increase in HALE was smaller than the increase in overall life expectancy, indicating more years lived in poor health. In 180 of 195 countries and territories, females were expected to live longer than males in 2017, with extra years lived varying from 1·4 years (0·6-2·3) in Algeria to 11·9 years (10·9-12·9) in Ukraine. Of the extra years gained, the proportion spent in poor health varied largely across countries, with less than 20% of additional years spent in poor health in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Burundi, and Slovakia, whereas in Bahrain all the extra years were spent in poor health. In 2017, the highest estimate of HALE at birth was in Singapore for both females (75·8 years [72·4-78·7]) and males (72·6 years [69·8-75·0]) and the lowest estimates were in Central African Republic (47·0 years [43·7-50·2] for females and 42·8 years [40·1-45·6] for males). Globally, in 2017, the five leading causes of DALYs were neonatal disorders, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, lower respiratory infections, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Between 1990 and 2017, age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 41·3% (38·8-43·5) for communicable diseases and by 49·8% (47·9-51·6) for neonatal disorders. For non-communicable diseases, global DALYs increased by 40·1% (36·8-43·0), although age-standardised DALY rates decreased by 18·1% (16·0-20·2)
Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
- Abate Degu
- Abate Degu
- Abate Kalkidan Hassell
- Abate Kalkidan Hassell
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasi Nooshin
- Abbasi Nooshin
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdela Jemal
- Abdela Jemal
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abebe Molla
- Abebe Molla
- Abebe Zegeye
- Abebe Zegeye
- Abera Semaw F.
- Abera Semaw F.
- Abil Olifan Zewdie
- Abil Olifan Zewdie
- Abraha Haftom Niguse
- Abraha Haftom Niguse
- Abrham Aklilu Roba
- Abrham Aklilu Roba
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abu-Raddad Laith Jamal
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M. E.
- Abu-Rmeileh Niveen M. E.
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Acharya Dilaram
- Acharya Dilaram
- Acharya Pawan
- Acharya Pawan
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adamu Abdu A.
- Adane Akikw Awoke
- Adane Akikw Awoke
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji
- Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Adekanmbi Victor
- Ademi Zanfina
- Ademi Zanfina
- Adetokunboh Olatunji
- Adetokunboh Olatunji
- Adib Mina G.
- Adib Mina G.
- Admasie Amha
- Admasie Amha
- Adsuar Jose C.
- Adsuar Jose C.
- Afanvi Kossivi Agbelenko
- Afanvi Kossivi Agbelenko
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshin Ashkan
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Agarwal Gina
- Aggarwal Anju
- Aggarwal Anju
- Aghayan Sargis Aghast
- Aghayan Sargis Aghast
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agrawal Sutapa
- Agrawal Sutapa
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadi Mehdi
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aichour Amani Nidhal
- Aichour Amani Nidhal
- Aichour Ibtihel
- Aichour Ibtihel
- Aichour Miloud Taki Eddine
- Aichour Miloud Taki Eddine
- Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil
- Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akinyemiju Tomi
- Akseer Nadia
- Akseer Nadia
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Aly Ziyad
- Al-Eyadhy Ayman
- Al-Eyadhy Ayman
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Al-Mekhlafi Hesham M.
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Khurshid
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Samiah
- Alam Tahiya
- Alam Tahiya
- Alandab Fares
- Alandab Fares
- Alashi Alaa
- Alashi Alaa
- Alavian Seyed Moayed
- Alavian Seyed Moayed
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Alene Kefyalew Addis
- Ali Komal
- Ali Komal
- Ali Syed Mustafa
- Ali Syed Mustafa
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alijanzadeh Mehran
- Alizadeh-Navaei Reza
- Alizadeh-Navaei Reza
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Aljunid Syed Mohamed
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alkerwi Ala'a
- Alla Francois
- Alla Francois
- Alsharif Ubai
- Alsharif Ubai
- Altirkawi Khalid
- Altirkawi Khalid
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Alvis-Guzman Nelson
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amare Azmeraw T.
- Amlov Johan
- Amlov Johan
- Ammar Walid
- Ammar Walid
- Anber Nahla Hamed
- Anber Nahla Hamed
- Anderson Jason A.
- Anderson Jason A.
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Andrei Catalina Liliana
- Androudi Sofia
- Androudi Sofia
- Anh Quynh Nguyen
- Anh Quynh Nguyen
- Animut Megbaru Debalkie
- Animut Megbaru Debalkie
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Anjomshoa Mina
- Ansha Mustafa Geleto
- Ansha Mustafa Geleto
- Anto Josep M.
- Anto Josep M.
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Antonio Carl Abelardo T.
- Anwari Palwasha
- Anwari Palwasha
- Appiah Lambert Tetteh
- Appiah Lambert Tetteh
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Appiah Seth Christopher Yaw
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arabloo Jalal
- Aremu Olatunde
- Aremu Olatunde
- Artaman Al
- Artaman Al
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Aryal Krishna K.
- Asayesh Hamid
- Asayesh Hamid
- Ataro Zerihun
- Ataro Zerihun
- Ausloos Marcel
- Ausloos Marcel
- Avokpaho Euripide F. G. A.
- Avokpaho Euripide F. G. A.
- Awasthi Ashish
- Awasthi Ashish
- Ayer Rakesh
- Ayer Rakesh
- Ayuk Tanabe B.
- Ayuk Tanabe B.
- Azzopardi Peter S.
- Azzopardi Peter S.
- Babazadeff Arefeh
- Babazadeff Arefeh
- Badali Hamid
- Badali Hamid
- Badawi Alaa
- Badawi Alaa
- Balakrishnan Kalpana
- Balakrishnan Kalpana
- Bali Ayele Geleto
- Bali Ayele Geleto
- Ball Kylie
- Ball Kylie
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- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wolfe Charles D. A.
- Wolfe Charles D. A.
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wong Tien Yin
- Wu Shoaling
- Wu Shoaling
- Xavier Denis
- Xavier Denis
- Xu Gelin
- Xu Gelin
- Yadgir Simon
- Yadgir Simon
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yan Lijing L.
- Yan Lijing L.
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yano Yuichiro
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasin Jemal Yasin
- Yasin Jemal Yasin
- Yeshanely Alex
- Yeshanely Alex
- Yimer Ebrahim M.
- Yimer Ebrahim M.
- Yip Paul
- Yip Paul
- Yisma Engida
- Yisma Engida
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- Yoon Seok-Jun
- Yotebieng Marcel
- Yotebieng Marcel
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Younis Mustafa Z.
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yu Chuanhua
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zaidi Zoubida
- Zaidi Zoubida
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zavala-Arciniega Luis
- Zavala-Arciniega Luis
- Zhang Anthony Lin
- Zhang Anthony Lin
- Zhang Hao
- Zhang Hao
- Zhang Kai
- Zhang Kai
- Zimsen Stephanie M.
- Zimsen Stephanie M.
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Zodpey Sanjay
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2018
- Field of study
Background
The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations.
Methods
We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
Findings
In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low.
Interpretation
By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning
Estimating global injuries morbidity and mortality : methods and data used in the Global Burden of Disease 2017 study
- Author
- Abd El Razek Muhammed M.
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdeldayem Amer Yasser S.
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan S.
- Abedi Aidin
- Abegaz Kedir H.
- Abosetugn Akine E.
- Abushouk Abdelrahman I.
- Adebayo Oladimeji M.
- Adema Bereket D.
- Adsuar Jose C.
- Advani Shailesh M.
- Agudelo-Botero Marcela
- Ahmad Tauseef
- Ahmed Muktar B.
- Ahmed Rushdia
- Aichour Miloud T.
- Alahdab Fares
- Alanezi Fahad M.
- Alema Niguse M.
- Alemu Biresaw W.
- Alghnam Suliman A.
- Ali Beriwan A.
- Ali Saqib
- Alinia Cyrus
- Alipour Vahid
- Aljunid Syed M.
- Almasi-Hashiani Amir
- Almasri Nihad A.
- Altirkawi Khalid
- Andrei Catalina L.
- Ansari-Moghaddam Alireza
- Antonio Carl A.
- Anvari Davood
- Appiah Seth C.
- Arab-Zozani Morteza
- Arabloo Jalal
- Arefi Zohreh
- Aremu Olatunde
- Ariani Filippo
- Arora Amit (R18073)
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- Ayano Getinet
- Ayanore Martin A.
- Azarian Ghasem
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- Barker-Collo Suzanne L.
- Barnighausen Till W.
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- Catala-Lopez Ferran
- Cerin Ester
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- Driscoll Tim R.
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- El Sayed Zaki Maysaa
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- Ellingsen Christian L.
- Eskandarieh Sharareh
- et al .
- Eyawo Oghenowede
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- Fischer Florian
- Folayan Morenike O.
- Fomenkov Artem A.
- Foroutan Masoud
- Fox Jack T.
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- Fukumoto Takeshi
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- Gebremedhin Ketema B.
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- Kumar Manasi
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- Latifi Arman
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- Li Shanshan
- Liu Xuefeng
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- Menezes Ritesh G.
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- Meretoja Atte
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- Mestrovic Tomislav
- Miazgowski Bartosz
- Miazgowski Tomasz
- Miller Ted R.
- Mini G. K.
- Mirica Andreea
- Mirrakhimov Erkin M.
- Mirzaei-Alavijeh Mehdi
- Mithra Prasanna
- Moazen Babak
- Moghadaszadeh Masoud
- Mohamadi Efat
- Mohammad Yousef
- Mohammadian-Hafshejani Abdollah
- Mohammadpourhodki Reza
- Mohammed Jemal A.
- Mohammed Shafiu
- Mohebi Farnam
- Mohseni Bandpei Mohammad A.
- Molokhia Mariam
- Monasta Lorenzo
- Moodley Yoshan
- Moradi Ghobad
- Moradi Masoud
- Moradi-Lakeh Maziar
- Moradzadeh Rahmatollah
- Morawska Lidia
- Moreno Velasquez Ilais
- Morrison Shane D.
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- Mustafa Ghulam
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- Nasab Mostafa D.
- Nascimento Bruno R.
- Naserbakht Morteza
- Nayak Vinod
- Nazari Javad
- Ndwandwe Duduzile E.
- Negoi Ionut
- Ngunjiri Josephine W.
- Nguyen Cuong T.
- Nguyen Diep N.
- Nguyen Huong L.
- Nguyen Trang H.
- Nikbakhsh Rajan
- Ningrum Dina N.
- Nnaji Chukwudi A.
- Ofori-Asenso Richard
- Ogbo Felix A. (R18978)
- Roberts Nicholas L.
- Sylte Dillon O.
- Publication venue
- 'BMJ'
- Publication date
- 01/01/2020
- Field of study
Background: While there is a long history of measuring death and disability from injuries, modern research methods must account for the wide spectrum of disability that can occur in an injury, and must provide estimates with sufficient demographic, geographical and temporal detail to be useful for policy makers. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017 study used methods to provide highly detailed estimates of global injury burden that meet these criteria. Methods: In this study, we report and discuss the methods used in GBD 2017 for injury morbidity and mortality burden estimation. In summary, these methods included estimating cause-specific mortality for every cause of injury, and then estimating incidence for every cause of injury. Non-fatal disability for each cause is then calculated based on the probabilities of suffering from different types of bodily injury experienced. Results: GBD 2017 produced morbidity and mortality estimates for 38 causes of injury. Estimates were produced in terms of incidence, prevalence, years lived with disability, cause-specific mortality, years of life lost and disability-adjusted life-years for a 28-year period for 22 age groups, 195 countries and both sexes. Conclusions: GBD 2017 demonstrated a complex and sophisticated series of analytical steps using the largest known database of morbidity and mortality data on injuries. GBD 2017 results should be used to help inform injury prevention policy making and resource allocation. We also identify important avenues for improving injury burden estimation in the future
Erratum: Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990–2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- Author
- Abate Degu
- Abate Kalkidan Hassen
- Abbafati Cristiana
- Abbasi Nooshin
- Abbastabar Hedayat
- Abd-Allah Foad
- Abdela Jemal
- Abdelalim Ahmed
- Abdollahpour Ibrahim
- Abdulkader Rizwan Suliankatchi
- Abebe Molla
- Abebe Zegeye
- Abera Semaw Ferede
- Abil Olifan Zewdie
- Abraha Haftom Niguse
- Abu Raddad Laith J
- Abun Rmeileh Niveen M.E
- Accrombessi Manfred Mario Kokou
- Acharya Dilaram
- Acharya Pawan
- Adamu Abdu Abdullahi
- Adane Akilew Awoke
- Adebayo Oladimeji
- Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji
- Adekanmbi Victor T
- Ademi Zanfina
- Adetokunboh Olatunji O
- Adib Mina G
- Admasie Amha
- Adsuar Jose C
- Afanvi Kossivi Agbélénko
- Afarideh Mohsen
- Afshin Ashkan
- Agarwal Gina
- Aggarwal Anju
- Aghayan Sargis A
- Agrawal Anurag
- Agrawal Sutapa
- Ahmadi Moghadam M
- Ahmadi Alireza
- Ahmadieh Hamid
- Ahmed Muktar Beshir
- Aichour Amani Nidhal
- Aichour Ibtihel
- Aichour Miloud Taki Eddine
- Akbari Mohammad Esmaeil
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- Ali Syed Mustafa
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- Alizadeh Navaei Reza
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- Wang Yanping
- Wang Yuan Pang
- Weiderpass Elisabete
- Weintraub Robert G
- Weldegebreal Fitsum
- Werdecker Andrea
- Werkneh Adhena Ayaliew
- West James Jason
- Westerman Ronny
- Whiteford Harvey A
- Widecka Justyna
- Wijeratne Tissa
- Winkler Andrea Sylvia
- Wiyeh Alison Beriliy
- Wiysonge Charles Shey
- Wong Tienyin
- Wu Shouling
- Wu Shouling
- Xavier Denis
- Xu Gelin
- Yadgir Simon
- Yadollahpour Ali
- Yahyazadeh Jabbari Seyed Hossein
- Yamada Tomohide
- Yan Lijing L
- Yano Yuichirou
- Yaseri Mehdi
- Yasin Yasin Jemal
- Yeshaneh Alex
- Yimer Ebrahim M
- Yip Paul S.F
- Yisma Engida
- Yonemoto Naohiro
- Yoon Seokjun
- Yotebieng Marcel
- Younis Mustafa Z.“Mike”
- Yousefifard Mahmoud
- Yu Chuanhua
- Zaidi Zoubida
- Zaman Sojib Bin
- Zamani Mohammad
- Zavala-Arciniega Luis
- Zhang Anthonylin
- Zhang Hao
- Zhang Kai
- Zhou Maigeng
- Zimsen Stephanie R.M
- Zodpey Sanjay P
- Øverland Simon
- Šantrić Milićević Milena M.M
- Šekerija Mario
- Publication venue
- 'Elsevier BV'
- Publication date
- 28/06/2019
- Field of study
Interpretation: By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning
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