El Geoparc Mundial de la UNESCO "Comarca Minera, Hidalgo": Un resultat de la cooperació científica entre Mèxic i Catalunya

La Comarca Minera de l'Estat d'Hidalgo, a la zona centreoriental de Mèxic, va rebre la designació de Geoparc Mundial de la UNESCO el 5 de maig de 2017. Aquest reconeixement va culminar un projecte transdisciplinari de tres anys, el qual va implicar una intensa cooperació entre diverses institucions de recerca mexicanes i catalanes. El projecte, encapçalat per la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), va reunir un grup nombrós d'especialistes en ciències de la Terra, i també en d'altres disciplines totalment alienes a la geologia, i va fomentar la participació d'organitzacions agràries (ejidos) i civils, a més de la col·laboració d'estudiants i voluntaris. Actualment la Comarca Minera es un dels sis únics geoparcs d'Amèrica (i un dels dos que hi ha a Mèxic), i conté un geopatrimoni excepcional, l'eix del qual es la mineria del districte argentífer històric de Pachuca-Real del Monte. A més dels excepcionals dipòsits de tipus epitermal, que es compten entre els més grans del món, el geoparc presenta els següents elements geològics de rellevància mundial: (a) la localitat tipus de la cristobalita i de la tridimita, (b) els basalts amb disjunció columnar de Huasca de Ocampo, descrits pel naturalista prussià Alexander von Humboldt l'any 1803, i (c) l'obsidiana del Cerro de Las Navajas, explotada ininterrompudament des d'abans del Virregnat i que fou estratègica pel comerç de diverses cultures de Mesoamèrica.The Comarca Minera, Hidalgo UNESCO Global Geopark (Mexico) was formally designated on May 5th, 2017. This achievement was the result of a transdisciplinary, three-year project, for which there has been close cooperation among Mexican and Catalan universities, as well as Hidalgo's government institutions. The project was leaded by the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM in its Spanish acronym) and brought together geoscientists of all disciplines, as well as specialists outside geology. It also prompted the collaboration of agrarian (ejidos) and civil organizations, as well as of students and volunteers. At present Comarca Minera is one of the six geoparks in America, treasuring an outstanding geoheritage around the silver mining of the historical district of Pachuca-Real del Monte. In addition, the geoheritage includes the follow highlights: (a) the type locality of cristobalite and tridymite, (b) the columnar jointed basalts of Huasca de Ocampo, described for the first time by the Prussian naturalist Alexander von Humboldt in 1803, and (c) Cerro de Las Navajas, which was one of the most important obsidian deposits for Mesoamerican cultures.El Geoparque Mundial de la UNESCO Comarca Minera, Hidalgo (México) fue designado oficialmente el 5 de mayo de 2017, culminando de esta manera un proyecto transdisciplinario de tres años, periodo durante el cual se mantuvo una intensa cooperación entre instituciones de educación superior y gubernamentales mexicanas y universidades catalanas. El proyecto, liderado por la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), aglutinó un nutrido grupo de especialistas en geociencias y en disciplinas totalmente ajenas a estas, y promovió la participación de organizaciones campesinas (ejidos) y de la sociedad civil, así como de voluntarios y estudiantes de diversas licenciaturas

Social assessment of landscapes of the Comarca Minera UNESCO Global Geopark, Hidalgo (Mexico)

Para evaluar la percepción social de los paisajes de Hidalgo, se desarrolló un cuestionario electrónico que se aplicó en dos instituciones de enseñanza media superior del Geoparque ‘Comarca Minera’. El tamaño de la muestra fue de 197 individuos (116 corresponden a una escuela rural y 81 a una urbana). El sitio preferido por su paisaje es el geositio emblemático ‘Prismas Basálticos’. Éste aparece también como el que más preocupa por su conservación. Huasca de Ocampo, Mineral del Monte y Mineral del Chico son las entidades preferidas; los tres son municipios del geoparque con la designación turística de ‘Pueblos Mágicos’. También se observa una preferencia por bosques y montañas, elementos característicos de los paisajes hidalguenses. El cuestionario no reflejó un peso de los factores edad, género, ambiente urbano o rural y municipio de residencia sobre la selección de los paisajes, mientras que la categoría académica (estudiante o docente) y el lugar de nacimiento sí tuvieron efecto. La diferencia más acusada es que los nacidos en Hidalgo mencionan más sitios. En cuanto al significado del geoparque, se manifiestan emociones relacionadas con valores de conservación y protección del territorio, así como con distintos atributos, entre los cuales la geología es el más mencionado.To assess the social perception of landscapes in Hidalgo state (Mexico), we developed a digital questionnaire that was answered by 197 people (mostly students) from two high-school centers located in the ‘Comarca Minera’ UNESCO Global Geopark. The preferred landscape site from Hidalgo is ‘Prismas Basálticos’, the emblematic geosite of the geopark. This geosite, also, raises most concerns for its conservation. Huasca de Ocampo, Mineral del Monte and Mineral del Chico are the preferred municipal areas mentioned; these possess the touristic brand as ‘Pueblos Mágicos’ (Magic Towns). On the other hand, a conspicuous preference for forests and mountains is observed, distinctive features of Hidalgo landscapes. Questionnaire results do not reflect a link of landscape preference to age, genre, environment (urban or rural) nor home municipality, whereas academic category (student or teacher) and birthplace (Hidalgo or elsewhere) played a role in the preferences. A pronounced difference is that those born in Hidalgo refer to a wider variety of sites, reflecting a greater knowledge of the territory. In terms of geopark meanings, manifested emotions relate to conservation values, care and protection of land, but also to other attributes, among which geology is the most cited

Pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of flow harmonics in pPb and PbPb collisions

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

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Inclusive search for supersymmetry using razor variables in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

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Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

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