Flood Modelling Studies Using River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) For Flood Plain Area in Muar City

Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when heavy precipitation for days or even weeks. Floods will cause extensive destruction, resulting in loss of life and disruption to personal property and vital infrastructure for public health. In this study, HEC-RAS model was used to identify the flood prone area and to determine cross section at floodplain area along the stream network. The study was conducted in the area Muar, Johor. The methodology involved collection of parameters such as length of stream, lateral & elevation of coordinates, streamline and flow data to perform a hydraulic simulation. Different value of flowrate had been used by using the manning equation to estimate the drainage or channel capability to manage the flowrate. The number of station for each cross section need to locate in order to simulate the cross section along the river or channel. Meanwhile, the result outcome will show the cross section for each station. From the result, the analysis of the cross section include with the affected area of floodplain was identified. According to the hydraulic model generated by HEC-RAS software, 7 of 20 stations found will be flood for the 10 years return period since they were unable to accommodate the water flow. By doing this research, the flood model will be developed and HEC-RAS software is one of the tool that can analyse and model for the floodplain area. In a meantime, the government can control and give an early warning about the flood incident

Flood Modelling Studies Using River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) For Flood Plain Area in Muar City

Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster and occur when heavy precipitation for days or even weeks. Floods will cause extensive destruction, resulting in loss of life and disruption to personal property and vital infrastructure for public health. In this study, HEC-RAS model was used to identify the flood prone area and to determine cross section at floodplain area along the stream network. The study was conducted in the area Muar, Johor. The methodology involved collection of parameters such as length of stream, lateral & elevation of coordinates, streamline and flow data to perform a hydraulic simulation. Different value of flowrate had been used by using the manning equation to estimate the drainage or channel capability to manage the flowrate. The number of station for each cross section need to locate in order to simulate the cross section along the river or channel. Meanwhile, the result outcome will show the cross section for each station. From the result, the analysis of the cross section include with the affected area of floodplain was identified. According to the hydraulic model generated by HEC-RAS software, 7 of 20 stations found will be flood for the 10 years return period since they were unable to accommodate the water flow. By doing this research, the flood model will be developed and HEC-RAS software is one of the tool that can analyse and model for the floodplain area. In a meantime, the government can control and give an early warning about the flood incident

Population dynamics of yellowtail scad, Atule mate (Cuvier 1833) in Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia

The yellowtail scad, Atule mate, forms important fisheries throughout the Indo-Pacific region. To know about the stock status of A. mate in Malaysia, various population parameters were measured, by utilizing length-frequency data, that included asymptotic length (L∞), growth coefficient (K), mortality rates (Z, F and M), exploitation level (E) and recruitment pattern of this species from Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia. Total length and body weight relationship was estimated as W = 0.007TL3.148 (R2 = 0.937). The asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated 27.80 cm and 1.50 yr−1, respectively. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were found to be 4.53, 2.46 and 2.07 yr−1, respectively. The exploitation level (E) was estimated 0.46. It was showed that the recruitment pattern was continuous with two major peaks per year. Relative yield per recruit predicted a maximum exploitation rate (Emax) which was 0.55. The current E value (0.46) is lower than the optimum exploitation (E = 0.50) as well predicted Emax. Therefore, it could be concluded that stock of A. mate in the investigated area of Marudu Bay, Sabah is under exploited

ETR 300 : Rancangan Perniagaan : Northen Seaweed Enterprise / Afif Sulaiman...[et al.]

Northen Seaweed Enterprise adalah Penternakan Rumpai Laut kering kepada pengusaha industri pemakanan, tekstil dan sebangainya. Perniagaan ini beralamat Lot 11A, Jalan Lintasan Semarak, 08000 Sungai Petani, Kedah

Length-weight and length-length relationship models of four carangid fishes from the Matang Mangrove Estuaries, Perak, Malaysia

Four species of Carangid fishes from Matang Mangrove Estuaries, Perak, Peninsular Malaysia were selected for the study of length-weight relationships (LWR) and length-length relationships (LLR). A total of 308 individuals were collected from September 2015 to August 2016 by push net (mesh sizes ranges from 2.5 to 5.0 cm). Overall, the growth coefficient (b) values were 2.005, 3.014, 3.452 and 3.194 for Carangoides malabricus, Atule mate, Decapterus macrosoma and Selaroides leptolepis, respectively. Growth coefficient of three species (A. mate, D. macrosoma and S. leptolepis) in the present study were within expected range of 2.5 - 3.5 and this indicated that those species have normal growth pattern. This research serves as the first record of LWR and LLR data for four species of Carangid fishes in the Matang Mangrove Estuaries and surrounding ecosystem, Malaysia

Population dynamics of yellowtail scad, Atule mate (Cuvier 1833) in Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia

The yellowtail scad, Atule mate, forms important fisheries throughout the Indo-Pacific region. To know about the stock status of A. mate in Malaysia, various population parameters were measured, by utilizing length-frequency data, that included asymptotic length (L∞), growth coefficient (K), mortality rates (Z, F and M), exploitation level (E) and recruitment pattern of this species from Marudu Bay, Sabah, Malaysia. Total length and body weight relationship was estimated as W = 0.007TL3.148 (R2 = 0.937). The asymptotic length (L∞) and growth coefficient (K) were estimated 27.80 cm and 1.50 yr−1, respectively. Total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M) and fishing mortality (F) were found to be 4.53, 2.46 and 2.07 yr−1, respectively. The exploitation level (E) was estimated 0.46. It was showed that the recruitment pattern was continuous with two major peaks per year. Relative yield per recruit predicted a maximum exploitation rate (Emax) which was 0.55. The current E value (0.46) is lower than the optimum exploitation (E = 0.50) as well predicted Emax. Therefore, it could be concluded that stock of A. mate in the investigated area of Marudu Bay, Sabah is under exploited

Perception of tomorrow’s Health-Care connoisseur and front-runners of their educational environment utilizing DREEM inventory in Bahasa Melayu version, the native language of Malaysia

Background There have been a lot of reports throughout the world that medical students were abused during their undergraduate education and clerkship training. Thereafter, calls for intensifying the evaluation of medical and health schools’ curricula based on students’ perceptions of their educational environment. Several studies, methods, and instruments were developed including the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) inventory, to evaluate the medical educational environment in last five decades. The DREEM inventory has been translated into minimum eight different native tongues namely Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Persian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, and Turkish. Aims The objective of this study was to assess the educational environment of the UniSZA undergraduate medical program from the students’ perspective utilizing the DREEM inventory translated in Bahasa Melayu. Methods This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted among the medical students of session 2015-2016 to assess educational environment of the Faculty of Medicine, UniSZA. The study was conducted from December 2015 to January 2016. Universal sampling technique was adopted. Results A total of 277 (95.5 per cent) out of 290 students responded to the questionnaire; among them 27.4 per cent were male and 72.6 per cent were female respondents. The overall mean DREEM scores for both preclinical and clinical students were 67.41±24.06. The scores for pre-clinical and clinical were 64.02±25.10 and 69.65±23.15 respectively; however, no statistically significant (p=0.57) differences was observed between two phases. A significant difference was observed between gender of the respondents in students’ perceptions of teachers (p=0.005) and students’ social self-perceptions (p=0.046)

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Repositioning of the global epicentre of non-optimal cholesterol

High blood cholesterol is typically considered a feature of wealthy western countries(1,2). However, dietary and behavioural determinants of blood cholesterol are changing rapidly throughout the world(3) and countries are using lipid-lowering medications at varying rates. These changes can have distinct effects on the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and non-HDL cholesterol, which have different effects on human health(4,5). However, the trends of HDL and non-HDL cholesterol levels over time have not been previously reported in a global analysis. Here we pooled 1,127 population-based studies that measured blood lipids in 102.6 million individuals aged 18 years and older to estimate trends from 1980 to 2018 in mean total, non-HDL and HDL cholesterol levels for 200 countries. Globally, there was little change in total or non-HDL cholesterol from 1980 to 2018. This was a net effect of increases in low- and middle-income countries, especially in east and southeast Asia, and decreases in high-income western countries, especially those in northwestern Europe, and in central and eastern Europe. As a result, countries with the highest level of non-HDL cholesterol-which is a marker of cardiovascular riskchanged from those in western Europe such as Belgium, Finland, Greenland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and Malta in 1980 to those in Asia and the Pacific, such as Tokelau, Malaysia, The Philippines and Thailand. In 2017, high non-HDL cholesterol was responsible for an estimated 3.9 million (95% credible interval 3.7 million-4.2 million) worldwide deaths, half of which occurred in east, southeast and south Asia. The global repositioning of lipid-related risk, with non-optimal cholesterol shifting from a distinct feature of high-income countries in northwestern Europe, north America and Australasia to one that affects countries in east and southeast Asia and Oceania should motivate the use of population-based policies and personal interventions to improve nutrition and enhance access to treatment throughout the world.Peer reviewe