Organogenesis of Phaseolus angularis L.: high efficiency of adventitious shoot regeneration from etiolated seedlings in the presence of N6-benzylaminopurine and thidiazuron

A step-wise procedure for the regeneration of fertile plants by organogenesis from cultures of the economically important Phaseolus angularis L., cultivars: KS-6, KS-7 and KS-8 using etiolated seedlings was established. Pre-culture of 5-day old seedling explants with MS (Murashige and Skoog (1962) Physiol Plant 15:473-493) + B-5-vitamins (Gamborg et al. (1968) Exp Cell Res 50:151-158) liquid medium containing either 5.0 mu M TDZ or 5.0 mu M BAP under dark condition was essential for organogenesis. Bud growth and shoot multiplication were stimulated by reducing the BAP concentrations from 5.0 to 2.5 mu M after 3 weeks. The maximum frequency of shoot induction was 65.2% (33.8 +/- 2.54 shoots/explant) in cultivar KS-8 followed by KS-7 34.6% (23.4 +/- 1.91 shoots/explant) and KS-6 30.6% (21.2 +/- 2.28 shoots/explant). The multiplied buds elongated after transferring to solid MSB5 medium supplemented with 4.0 mu M GA(3), 12.5 mu M AgNO3 and 0.4 mu M IBA. Up to 98% rooting efficiency of was obtained when the shoots were pulse-treated with liquid medium containing 4.5 mu M IBA for 10 min. The rooted plantlets were transferred to pots in the greenhouse, where they grew, mature, flowered and bared pod normally. The efficient shoot bud induction capability was found to be cultivar dependent. All the three cultivars tested formed multiple shoots. This efficient and rapid regeneration system may also be helpful for Agrobacterium- or particle gun-mediated transformation for this important legume crop

Comparing Poynting flux dominated magnetic tower jets with kinetic-energy dominated jets

Magnetic Towers represent one of two fundamental forms of MHD outflows. Driven by magnetic pressure gradients, these flows have been less well studied than magneto-centrifugally launched jets even though magnetic towers may well be as common. Here we present new results exploring the behavior and evolution of magnetic tower outflows and demonstrate their connection with pulsed power experimental studies and purely hydrodynamic jets which might represent the asymptotic propagation regimes of magneto-centrifugally launched jets. High-resolution AMR MHD simulations (using the AstroBEAR code) provide insights into the underlying physics of magnetic towers and help us constrain models of their propagation. Our simulations have been designed to explore the effects of thermal energy losses and rotation on both tower flows and their hydro counterparts. We find these parameters have significant effects on the stability of magnetic towers, but mild effects on the stability of hydro jets. Current-driven perturbations in the Poynting Flux Dominated (PDF) towers are shown to be amplified in both the cooling and rotating cases. Our studies of the long term evolution of the towers show that the formation of weakly magnetized central jets within the tower are broken up by these instabilities becoming a series of collimated clumps which magnetization properties vary over time. In addition to discussing these results in light of laboratory experiments, we address their relevance to astrophysical observations of young star jets and outflow from highly evolved solar type stars.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in the High Energy Density Physics Journal corresponding to the proceedings of the 9th International Conference on High Energy Density Laboratory Astrophysics, May 4, 2012, Tallahassee Florid

Исследовательские тормозные стенды для испытаний малогабаритных ДВС

The urgency of a problem of creation of research stands for testing small sized IСE is defined by a wide circulation of engines of such type for mechanization of the manual skills, intended for use in structure of mobile vehicles and means of mechanization of auxiliary operations. During too time carrying out of tests of such type of engines at typical brake stands with the maximal rated power tested ICE 50-100 kW unfairly neither from the economic point of view, nor from the point of view of maintenance of comprehensible metrological characteristics. In article the basic approaches to create of the small sized stand basis of serially let out devices and known technological decisions are considered.Актуальность задачи создания исследовательских тормозных стендов для испытаний малогабаритных ДВС определяется широким распространением двигателей такого типа для механизации ручного труда, использования в качестве привода мобильных транспортных средств и средств малой механизации. В то же время проведение испытаний такого типа двигателей на типовых тормозных стендах с максимальной номинальной мощностью испытываемых ДВС, как правило, не менее 50-100 кВт неоправданно ни с экономической точки зрения, ни с точки зрения обеспечения приемлемых метрологических характеристик. В статье рассмотрены основные подходы к созданию малогабаритного стенда на основе серийно выпускаемых устройств и известных технологических решений

Laboratory evaluation of a specimen transport medium for downstream molecular processing of sputum samples to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis

BACKGROUND : Modern molecular-based approaches for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples promise quicker and more accurate detection of cases. However, processing sputum samples at central diagnostic facilities provides a diagnostic approach, but requires a safe and efficient system that is not affected by transport delays and ambient temperature to be feasible. We evaluated the technical properties of PrimeStore®-Molecular Transport Medium(PS-MTM) for its ability to inactivate mycobacteria, ensuring stability of DNA over time at ambient temperatures and to assess the compatibility of the transport medium with DNA extraction systems. METHODS : Assessment of the transport medium for application of sputum samples processed for the detection of M. tuberculosis included the inactivation of M. tuberculosis in spiked sputum samples, compatibility of the medium with three commercial nucleic extraction systems and stability of DNA in the medium at ambient temperature over 28 days. We further performed a clinical laboratory evaluation on 256 sputum specimens sent for tuberculosis investigation. RESULTS : Complete inactivation ofM. tuberculosis occurredwithin 30 min of exposure at a ratio of 1:3 for sputumto PS-MTM. Sputum specimen in PS-MTMshowed very good compatibility with automated bead-based extraction systems, producing high DNA output (estimated lower limits of detection: ~170 CFU/ml). Furthermore, PS-MTM samples remained stable over 28 days at ambient temperature displaying no significant change over time in Ctvalues (b5% on a mean starting value of 22.47). Of the 256 clinical sputumspecimens, 10.2%were culture positive and 11.0% were positive by real-time PCR of PS-MTM samples. CONCLUSIONS : Collecting and transporting sputum from TB suspects in PS-MTM offer safe transport at ambient temperature, DNA stability for extended periods without cooling and specimens directly suitable for molecular testing. This novel approach may support introduction and further scale-up of molecular diagnostics for TB in resource-limited settings.http://www.elsevier.com/locate/jmicmeth2016-10-31hb201

High-voltage pulse generator based on sequentially charged MMC-SMs operating in a voltage-boost mode

Pulse forming networks and Marx generators are the classical rectangular waveform pulse generators (PGs). They are inflexible and their capacitors must be fully charged to the required voltage from 0V before delivering each high-voltage (HV) pulse. They are only able to generate unipolar pulses; if bipolar pulses are sought another generator fed from a negative supply voltage is added. Recently, several power electronics based PGs have been proposed. This paper presents an HV power electronics based PG, which is based on Half-Bridge Modular Multilevel Converter (HB-MMC) sub-modules (SMs) charged sequentially in a voltage boost mode. Each SM capacitor and main switch form a boost converter with the charging input supply and inductor. As a result, all SM capacitors are charged to a voltage greater than the input. During the discharging process the SM capacitors are connected in series, producing a rectangular HV pulse across the load. The proposed charging method allows a reduction in the converter footprint in comparison with recently proposed MMC sequentially charged PG topologies. Although only rectangular pulse waveforms are sought in this paper, a SM capacitor voltage balance method allows multilevel pulse generation. The viability of the proposed converter is confirmed by MATLAB/Simulink simulation and scaled-down experimentation

A Burkholderia pseudomallei toxin inhibits helicase activity of translation factor eIF4A

The structure of BPSL1549, a protein of unknown function from Burkholderia pseudomallei, reveals a similarity to Escherichia coli cytotoxic necrotizing factor 1. We found that BPSL1549 acted as a potent cytotoxin against eukaryotic cells and was lethal when administered to mice. Expression levels of bpsl1549 correlate with conditions expected to promote or suppress pathogenicity. BPSL1549 promotes deamidation of glutamine-339 of the translation initiation factor eIF4A, abolishing its helicase activity and inhibiting translation. We propose to name BPSL1549 Burkholderia lethal factor 1

Biomarkers of Multiple Sclerosis

The search for an ideal multiple sclerosis biomarker with good diagnostic value, prognostic reference and an impact on clinical outcome has yet to be realized and is still ongoing. The aim of this review is to establish an overview of the frequent biomarkers for multiple sclerosis that exist to date. The review summarizes the results obtained from electronic databases, as well as thorough manual searches. In this review the sources and methods of biomarkers extraction are described; in addition to the description of each biomarker, determination of the prognostic, diagnostic, disease monitoring and treatment response values besides clinical impact they might possess. We divided the biomarkers into three categories according to the achievement method: laboratory markers, genetic-immunogenetic markers and imaging markers. We have found two biomarkers at the time being considered the gold standard for MS diagnostics. Unfortunately, there does not exist a single solitary marker being able to present reliable diagnostic value, prognostic value, high sensitivity and specificity as well as clinical impact. We need more studies to find the best biomarker for MS.publishersversionPeer reviewe

Geographical and temporal distribution of SARS-CoV-2 clades in the WHO European Region, January to June 2020

We show the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 genetic clades over time and between countries and outline potential genomic surveillance objectives. We applied three available genomic nomenclature systems for SARS-CoV-2 to all sequence data from the WHO European Region available during the COVID-19 pandemic until 10 July 2020. We highlight the importance of real-time sequencing and data dissemination in a pandemic situation. We provide a comparison of the nomenclatures and lay a foundation for future European genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2.Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying into a vector boson and a Higgs boson in final states with charged leptons, neutrinos, and b quarks

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