Synthesis of some new quinoxalines with expected pharmacological activities

4-Methylphenylenediamine 1 was reacted with α-dicarbonylsto give quinoxalines 2a-g, 4a-d and/or 7a-c.Quinoxalines 7a-c were converted into dihydropyridazinoquinoxalines 9a-c, thienoquinoxalines 10a-c and/or dichloroquinoxalines 11a-c. Compounds 11a-c were converted into ethoxyquinoxalines 12a-c, arylaminoquinoxalines13a-f and/or quinazolinoquinoxalines 14a-c. The reaction of 11a-c with semicarbazide and/or sodium azide was also described

Models for Light-Cone Meson Distribution Amplitudes

Leading-twist distribution amplitudes (DAs) of light mesons like pi,rho etc. describe the leading nonperturbative hadronic contributions to exclusive QCD reactions at large energy transfer, for instance electromagnetic form factors. They also enter B decay amplitudes described in QCD factorisation, in particular nonleptonic two-body decays. Being nonperturbative quantities, DAs cannot be calculated from first principles, but have to be described by models. Most models for DAs rely on a fixed order conformal expansion, which is strictly valid for large factorisation scales, but not always sufficient in phenomenological applications. We derive models for DAs that are valid to all orders in the conformal expansion and characterised by a small number of parameters which are related to experimental observables.Comment: 19 pages, 10 figure

Molecular genetic diversity and conservation priorities of Egyptian rabbit breeds

[EN] The limited rabbit resources in Egypt are threatened by the danger of extinction, whereas genetic diversity studies of native breeds could play a vital role in conservation and improvement of these breeds. In this study, 3 native rabbit breeds: Gabali (G), Baladi Red (BR) and Baladi Black (BB), in addition to New Zealand White (NZW), were genotyped using 12 microsatellite markers. All the typed microsatellites were polymorphic by average number of alleles 5.25 per locus. Observed and expected heterozygosity per locus averaged 0.62 and 0.68, respectively. The average polymorphic information content was 0.71 and the highest polymorphic information content was recorded in locus SOL33 by 0.85. All the studied loci except SAT7 and SAT2 showed deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with significant level. The inbreeding coefficient of the individuals relative to the total population was 0.07. The within-population heterozygote deficit averaged 0.07 and ranged from 0.141 in BR to 0.015 in BB breeds. The highest pairwise differentiation among the populations was recorded between BB and NZW (0.071), while the lowest value was recorded between BR and both of G (0.038) and BB (0.039). The lowest pairwise Nei’s genetic distance was recorded between BR and BB (0.190), while the highest was recorded between NZW and BB breeds (0.409). BR and G populations were clustered together forming an admixed mosaic cluster. BR recorded the highest contribution in the aggregate genetic diversity based on the three prioritisation methods used.Badr, O.; El-Shawaf, I.; Khalil, M.; Refaat, M.; Ramadan, S. (2019). Molecular genetic diversity and conservation priorities of Egyptian rabbit breeds. World Rabbit Science. 27(3):135-141. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2019.8923SWORD135141273Abdel-Kafy E.S.M., Ahmed S.S.E.D., El-Keredy A., Ali N.I., Ramadan S. , Farid A. 2018. Genetic and phenotypic characterization of the native rabbits in Middle Egypt. Vet. World, 11: 1120. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.1120-1126Bruford M.W., Wayne R.K. 1993. Microsatellites and their application to population genetic studies. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 3: 939-943. https://doi.org/10.1016/0959-437X(93)90017-JCaballero A., Toro M.A. 2002. Analysis of genetic diversity for the management of conserved subdivided populations. Conserv. Genet., 3: 289-299.Crispim B.d.A., Seno L.d.O., Egito A.A.d., Vargas Jr F.M.d., Grisolia A.B. 2014. Application of microsatellite markers for breeding and genetic conservation of herds of Pantaneiro sheep. Electron. J. Biotechnol., 17: 317-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2014.09.007El-Aksher S.H., Sherif H., Khalil M., El-Garhy H.A., Ramadan S. 2017. Molecular analysis of a new synthetic rabbit line and their parental populations using microsatellite and SNP markers. Gene Reports, 8: 17-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genrep.2017.05.001Emam A., Azoz A., Mehaisen G., Ferrand N. , Ahmed N. 2017. Diversity assessment among native Middle Egypt rabbit populations in North Upper-Egypt province by microsatellite polymorphism. World rabbit Sci., 25: 9-16. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2017.5298Galal S. 2007. Farm animal genetic resources in Egypt: fact sheet. Egypt. J. Anim. Prod., 44: 1-23.Grimal A., Safaa H., Saenz-de-Juano M., Viudes-de-Castro M., Mehaisen G., Elsayed D., Lavara R., Marco-Jiménez F., Vicente J. 2012. Phylogenetic relationship among four Egyptian and one Spanish rabbit populations based on microsatellite markers. In Proc.: 10th World Rabbit Congress, Sharm El-Sheikh, Egypt, 3-6 September, 2012. 3-6.Jakobsson M., Rosenberg N. A. 2007. CLUMPP: a cluster matching and permutation program for dealing with label switching and multimodality in analysis of population structure. Bioinformatics, 23: 1801-1806. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btm233Kalinowski S.T., Taper M.L. , Marshall T.C. 2007. Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment. Mol. Ecol., 16: 1099-1106. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2007.03089.xKhalil M. 1999. Rabbit genetic resources of Egypt. Anim. Genet. Resour., 26: 95-111. https://doi.org/10.1017/S101423390000122XKhalil M., Baselga M. 2002. Rabbit genetic resources in Mediterranean countries, CIHEAM-IAMZ.Khalil M., Motawei M., Al-Saef A., Al-Sobayil K., El-Zarei M. 2008. RAPD markers linked to litter, lactation and growth traits in rabbits. In Proc.: 9th World Rabbit Congress, Verona, Italy, 10-13 June, 2008, 143-148.Lai F.Y., Ding S.T., Tu P.A., Chen R.S., Lin D.Y., Lin E.C., Wang P.H. Population structure and phylogenetic analysis of laboratory rabbits in Taiwan based on microsatellite markers. World Rabbit Sci., 26: 57-70. https://doi.org/10.4995/wrs.2018.7362MacHugh D.E., Shriver M.D., Loftus R.T., Cunningham P., Bradley D.G. 1997. Microsatellite DNA variation and the evolution, domestication and phylogeography of taurine and zebu cattle (Bos taurus and Bos indicus). Genetics, 146: 1071-1086.Marsjan P., Oldenbroek J. 2007. Molecular markers, a tool for exploring genetic diversity (Section C in part 4). The State of the World's Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. FAO.Nei M., Tajima F., Tateno Y. 1983. Accuracy of estimated phylogenetic trees from molecular data. J. Mol. Evol., 19: 153-170. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02300753Ollivier L., Foulley J.L. 2005. Aggregate diversity: new approach combining within-and between-breed genetic diversity. Livest. Prod. Sci., 95: 247-254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livprodsci.2005.01.005Peakall R., Smouse P.E. 2006. GENALEX 6: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research. Mol. Ecol. Notes., 6: 288-295. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.01155.xPetit R.J., El Mousadik A., Pons O. 1998. Identifying populations for conservation on the basis of genetic markers. Conserv. Biol., 12: 844-855. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1998.96489.xRamadan S., Kayang B.B., Inoue E., Nirasawa K., Hayakawa H., Ito S.I. , Inoue-Murayama M. 2012. Evaluation of genetic diversity and conservation priorities for Egyptian chickens. O.J.A.S., 2: 183. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2012.23025Raymond M. 1995. GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. J. Hered., 86: 248-249. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jhered.a111573Rosenberg N.A. 2004. DISTRUCT: a program for the graphical display of population structure. Mol. Ecol. Notes, 4: 137-138. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00566.xSaitou N., Nei M. 1987. The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol. Biol. Evol., 4: 406-425. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040454Weir B.S., Cockerham C.C. 1984. Estimating F‐statistics for the analysis of population structure. Evolution, 38: 1358-1370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1558-5646.1984.tb05657.

Pharmacotherapeutic management of paediatric heart failure and ACE-I use patterns: A European survey

Objective To characterise heart failure (HF) maintenance pharmacotherapy for children across Europe and investigate how angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) are used in this setting. Methods A Europe-wide web-based survey was conducted between January and May 2015 among European paediatricians dedicated to cardiology. Results Out of 200-eligible, 100 physicians representing 100 hospitals in 27 European countries participated. All participants reported prescribing ACE-I to treat dilated cardiomyopathy-related HF and 97% in the context of congenital heart defects; 87% for single ventricle physiology. Twenty-six per cent avoid ACE-I i

Electron-positron Annihilation Lines and Decaying Sterile Neutrinos

If massive sterile neutrinos exist, their decays into photons and/or electron-positron pairs may give rise to observable consequences. We consider the possibility that MeV sterile neutrino decays lead to the diffuse positron annihilation line in the Milky Way center, and we thus obtain bounds on the sterile neutrino decay rate $\Gamma_e \ge 10^{-28}$ s$^{-1}$ from relevant astrophysical/cosmological data. Also, we expect a soft gamma flux of $1.2 \times 10^{-4}-9.7 \times 10^{-4}$ ph cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ from the Milky Way center which shows up as a small MeV bump in the background photon spectrum. Furthermore, we estimate the flux of active neutrinos produced by sterile neutrino decays to be $0.02-0.1$ cm$^{-2}$ s$^{-1}$ passing through the earth.Comment: Accepted for publication in Astrophysics & Space Scienc

DESIGNING AN INTEGRATED COMPUTER PROGRAM FOR VEGETABLE PRODUCTION IN THE KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA

Vegetable production provide great value in the agricultural production sector in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Growers and agricultural engineers need a comprehensive database in Arabic lan-guage that can be available for use any time any where. Therefore, this research project was initiat-ed. The computer program was developed using Visual Basic Net 2005 which is one of the ad-vanced visual programming languages. We took into consideration easy usage and coherence be-tween all program components. Main results in-clude computer program with the data base, which includes: vegetable crops, diseases, insect pests and other pests that attacks vegetable crops, management tactics, cultural practices, irrigation requirements, planting dates, data search. Fur-thermore, field trips have been carried out to some vegetable farms in all the Kingdom regions. A digit-ized map of the Kingdom has been added to the program in addition to crop water and heat re-quirements. Various search capabilities have been developed in the program. After the completion of the program build up, verification trips have been carried out for five regions in the presence of farm-ers and extension specialists of the different direc-torate of the Ministry of Agriculture to test the accu-racy of steps used in the program. A manual for the computer program as well as leaflet on pro-gram set up and usage have been included. It is recommended to make this program available at the internet and distribute copies to the Ministry of Agriculture and its directorates as well as farmers

Exploring flavor structure of supersymmetry breaking from rare B decays and unitarity triangle

We study effects of supersymmetric particles in various rare B decay processes as well as in the unitarity triangle analysis. We consider three different supersymmetric models, the minimal supergravity, SU(5) SUSY GUT with right-handed neutrinos, and the minimal supersymmetric standard model with U(2) flavor symmetry. In the SU(5) SUSY GUT with right-handed neutrinos, we consider two cases of the mass matrix of the right-handed neutrinos. We calculate direct and mixing-induced CP asymmetries in the b to s gamma decay and CP asymmetry in B_d to phi K_S as well as the B_s--anti-B_s mixing amplitude for the unitarity triangle analysis in these models. We show that large deviations are possible for the SU(5) SUSY GUT and the U(2) model. The pattern and correlations of deviations from the standard model will be useful to discriminate the different SUSY models in future B experiments.Comment: revtex4, 36 pages, 10 figure

Search for the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in pp collisions at sqrt(s)=7 TeV

A search for a Higgs boson decaying into two photons is described. The analysis is performed using a dataset recorded by the CMS experiment at the LHC from pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, which corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 4.8 inverse femtobarns. Limits are set on the cross section of the standard model Higgs boson decaying to two photons. The expected exclusion limit at 95% confidence level is between 1.4 and 2.4 times the standard model cross section in the mass range between 110 and 150 GeV. The analysis of the data excludes, at 95% confidence level, the standard model Higgs boson decaying into two photons in the mass range 128 to 132 GeV. The largest excess of events above the expected standard model background is observed for a Higgs boson mass hypothesis of 124 GeV with a local significance of 3.1 sigma. The global significance of observing an excess with a local significance greater than 3.1 sigma anywhere in the search range 110-150 GeV is estimated to be 1.8 sigma. More data are required to ascertain the origin of this excess.Comment: Submitted to Physics Letters

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results

Jet size dependence of single jet suppression in lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s(NN)) = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions at the LHC provide direct sensitivity to the physics of jet quenching. In a sample of lead-lead collisions at sqrt(s) = 2.76 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of approximately 7 inverse microbarns, ATLAS has measured jets with a calorimeter over the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.1 and over the transverse momentum range 38 < pT < 210 GeV. Jets were reconstructed using the anti-kt algorithm with values for the distance parameter that determines the nominal jet radius of R = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5. The centrality dependence of the jet yield is characterized by the jet "central-to-peripheral ratio," Rcp. Jet production is found to be suppressed by approximately a factor of two in the 10% most central collisions relative to peripheral collisions. Rcp varies smoothly with centrality as characterized by the number of participating nucleons. The observed suppression is only weakly dependent on jet radius and transverse momentum. These results provide the first direct measurement of inclusive jet suppression in heavy ion collisions and complement previous measurements of dijet transverse energy imbalance at the LHC.Comment: 15 pages plus author list (30 pages total), 8 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Physics Letters B. All figures including auxiliary figures are available at http://atlas.web.cern.ch/Atlas/GROUPS/PHYSICS/PAPERS/HION-2011-02