The force of law as a social problem

In this paper, the author aims to respond to the urgings in the book \u201cThe Force of Law\u201d by Frederick Schauer breaking from the paradigm of analytical jurisprudence, insofar as the University of Virginia philosopher states having found sociological bases for his own logical/reconstructive architecture. The author, on the one hand, intend to develop a critique of Schauer\u2019s approach that is not merely theoretical, but sociological as well; on another hand, Hart\u2019s thesis on force in law\u2014strongly criticized by contemporary analytical philosophers\u2014is not therefore rebuffed by sociological analysis but somehow finds confirmation. In a nutshell, whether the use of force is sociologically necessary to control isolated resistance to the rules shared by the majority, or to reinforce a law, that aims to trigger necessary social change, but such a strong limitation of human freedom must be justified; and this legitimacy can only derive from the need for Justic

Derechos subjetivos y derechos conflictivos. La Contribución de Herbert L.A. Hart y de Gino Germani a la compresión de los derechos subjetivos en la modernidad líquida

In this paper the Author will discuss the contributions made by Germani to the understanding of rights from a sociological point of view, in modernized societies and in a global context, starting from the famous definition of Marginality as \u201clack of participation\u201d or \u201cexclusion of rights\u201d. The Author will, then, delineate the meaning of "subjective right" in the realm of a modernized society in which the ideal type of elective action is prevailig. I will deal with this difficult task by illustrating the Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart\u2019s theory of subjective rights. Hart's studies seem particularly useful because they are consistent with Germani's position. The two authors share a meta-theoretical premise: that human beings deserve to enjoy \u201cequal freedom\u201d. Both later also recognize in the "faculty of choice" of adult human beings, the step that characterizes contemporary society.En este trabajo se tratar\ue1n los aportes hechos por Germani a la comprensi\uf3n del sentido sociol\uf3gico de los derechos en las sociedades modernizadas y en un contexto global, partiendo de la c\ue9lebre definici\uf3n de Marginalidad como falta de participaci\uf3n o exclusi\uf3n de los derechos. Pasar\ue9 entonces a delinear el significado de \u201cderecho subjetivo\u201d en el \ue1mbito de una sociedad modernizada en la que prevalece el tipo ideal de la acci\uf3n electiva. Tratar\ue9 en esta nada f\ue1cil tarea ilustrando una teor\ueda de los derechos subjetivos, aquella de Herbert Lionel Adolphus Hart. Los estudios de Hart, parecen particularmente \ufatiles porque son coherentes con la postura de Germani. Los dos autores condividen una premisa meta-te\uf3rica, esto es que los seres humanos merecen gozar de una igual libertad. Ambos, despu\ue9s tambi\ue9n reconocen en la \u201cfacultad de elegir\u201d de los seres humanos adultos, el paso que caracteriza a la sociedad contempor\ue1nea

Measurement of (anti)deuteron and (anti)proton production in DIS at HERA

The first observation of (anti)deuterons in deep inelastic scattering at HERA has been made with the ZEUS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of 300--318 GeV using an integrated luminosity of 120 pb-1. The measurement was performed in the central rapidity region for transverse momentum per unit of mass in the range 0.3<p_T/M<0.7. The particle rates have been extracted and interpreted in terms of the coalescence model. The (anti)deuteron production yield is smaller than the (anti)proton yield by approximately three orders of magnitude, consistent with the world measurements.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figures, 5 tables, submitted to Nucl. Phys.

Forward jet production in deep inelastic ep scattering and low-x parton dynamics at HERA

Differential inclusive jet cross sections in neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering have been measured with the ZEUS detector. Three phase-space regions have been selected in order to study parton dynamics where the effects of BFKL evolution might be present. The measurements have been compared to the predictions of leading-logarithm parton shower Monte Carlo models and fixed-order perturbative QCD calculations. In the forward region, QCD calculations at order alpha_s^1 underestimate the data up to an order of magnitude at low x. An improved description of the data in this region is obtained by including QCD corrections at order alpha_s^2, which account for the lowest-order t-channel gluon-exchange diagrams, highlighting the importance of such terms in parton dynamics at low x.Comment: 25 pages, 4 figure

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Measurement of the inclusive isolated prompt photon cross-section in pp collisions at sqrt(s)= 7 TeV using 35 pb-1 of ATLAS data

A measurement of the differential cross-section for the inclusive production of isolated prompt photons in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy sqrt(s) = 7 TeV is presented. The measurement covers the pseudorapidity ranges |eta|<1.37 and 1.52<=|eta|<2.37 in the transverse energy range 45<=E_T<400GeV. The results are based on an integrated luminosity of 35 pb-1, collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The yields of the signal photons are measured using a data-driven technique, based on the observed distribution of the hadronic energy in a narrow cone around the photon candidate and the photon selection criteria. The results are compared with next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations and found to be in good agreement over four orders of magnitude in cross-section.Comment: 7 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 4 tables, final version published in Physics Letters

Search for direct production of charginos and neutralinos in events with three leptons and missing transverse momentum in √s = 7 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for the direct production of charginos and neutralinos in final states with three electrons or muons and missing transverse momentum is presented. The analysis is based on 4.7 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data delivered by the Large Hadron Collider and recorded with the ATLAS detector. Observations are consistent with Standard Model expectations in three signal regions that are either depleted or enriched in Z-boson decays. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set in R-parity conserving phenomenological minimal supersymmetric models and in simplified models, significantly extending previous results