Chronic Hepatitis B Finite Treatment: similar and different concerns with new drug classes

Chronic hepatitis B, a major cause of liver disease and cancer, affects over 250 million people worldwide. Currently there is no cure, only suppressive therapies. Efforts to develop finite curative HBV therapies are underway, consisting of combinations of multiple novel agents +/- nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The HBV Forum convened a webinar in July 2021, and subsequent working group discussions to address how and when to stop finite therapy for demonstration of sustained off-treatment efficacy and safety responses. Participants included leading experts in academia, clinical practice, pharmaceutical companies, patient representatives and regulatory agencies. This Viewpoint outlines areas of consensus within our multi-stakeholder group for stopping finite therapies in chronic Hepatitis B investigational studies, including trial design, patient selection, outcomes, biomarkers, pre-defined stopping criteria, pre-defined retreatment criteria, duration of investigational therapies, and follow up after stopping therapy. Future research of unmet needs are discussed

Cardiac glands with a difference- scanning electron microscopy of the cardiac gland region in the stomach of the babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa), domestic pig (Sus scrofa domestica), white-lipped peccary (Tayassu pecari) and Bennet's wallaby (Macropus rufogriseus)

The stomach of the babirusa differs from that of other pigs: it is larger and possesses a large diverticulum ventriculi, the gastric glands are confined to a small section at the end od the corpus ventriculi, the cardiac glands occupy a much larger surface area within teh stomach (>70% v. ~ 30% in the domestic pig) and there are some variations in the distribution of endocrine cells. It was hypothesised that the babirusa is a non-ruminant foregut fermenting frugivore/concentrate selector. Scanning electron microscopy of very freshly fixed cardiac gland tissue from the stomachs of nine babirusa revealed that the surface of the whole of the cardiac gland region was characterised by a honeyconb pattern

Light and electron microscopy of the cardiac gland region of the stomach of the babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa – Suidae, Mammalia).

Previous studies have indicated that the gross anatomical structure of the stomach of the babirusa (Babyrousa babyrussa) differs markedly from that of all other pigs. This light and scanning electron microscopic study revealed a previously unknown, microscopic structure characterised by a 'honeycomb' pattern at the luminal surface of the tunica mucosa. The walls of the 'honeycomb' were about 0.20-0.25 mm high and appeared almost entirely composed of various types of bacteria. underneath the bacteria the walls were formed by thin tubes composed of non-glandular squamous epithelial-like cells, extending from the tops of the ridges between each glandular pit. There is as yet no evidence of a comparable structure in the stomach of any other pig, or to our knowledge any other forestomach-fermenting mammal

Metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks as single-site catalysts

[EN] Heterogeneous single-site catalysts consist of isolated, well-defined, active sites that are spatially separated in a given solid and, ideally, structurally identical. In this review, the potential of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as platforms for the development of heterogeneous single-site catalysts is reviewed thoroughly. In the first part of this article, synthetic strategies and progress in the implementation of such sites in these two classes of materials are discussed. Because these solids are excellent playgrounds to allow a better understanding of catalytic functions, we highlight the most important recent advances in the modelling and spectroscopic characterization of single-site catalysts based on these materials. Finally, we discuss the potential of MOFs as materials in which several single-site catalytic functions can be combined within one framework along with their potential as powerful enzyme-mimicking materials. The review is wrapped up with our personal vision on future research directions.S. M. J. Rogge, J. Hajek, and V. Van Speybroeck acknowledge the Fund for Scientific Research - Flanders (FWO), the Research Board of Ghent University (BOF) and BELSPO in the frame of IAP/7/05 for financial support. V. Van Speybroeck acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (consolidator ERC grant agreement no. 647755 - DYNPOR (2015-2020)). This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 641887 (project acronym: DEFNET). W. Dewitte and C. Caratelli are acknowledged for technical support with the figures. J. Gascon acknowledges funding from the European Union's 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC grant agreement no. 335746 - CrystEng-MOF-MMM) and from the Dutch Organization for Scientific Research (NWO, VIDI grant agreement 723.012.107 - MetMOFCat).Rogge, SMJ.; Bavykina, A.; Hajek, J.; García Gómez, H.; Olivos-Suarez, AI.; Sepulveda-Escribano, A.; Vimont, A.... (2017). Metal-organic and covalent organic frameworks as single-site catalysts. Chemical Society Reviews. 46(11):3134-3184. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7cs00033bS31343184461

Квитанция по принятию объявление в газету "Вечернее Тбилиси"

Русудан Багратион-Мухранская - дочка Нико Бур