Tonal Activity in Kara, an Austronesian language spoken in New Britain

This paper presents the results of a small phonetic investigation of tonal activity in Kara, a little-known Austronesian language spoken in Papua New Guinea. Sketchy reports of some kind of tonal contrast in this language surfaced in the 1960s and 1970s, only to disappear in later published references to the language. Our auditory and acoustic investigations confirm the existence of contrastive tone in Kara. Native speaker intuitions also support such a conclusion. At least two tonemes (high and low) are identified. A third tone level (mid) is also noted but appears to be a variant of the low toneme

How pervasive is preaspiration? Investigating sonorant devoicing in Sienese Italian

We have recently found that voiceless geminates in Sienese Italian are frequently preaspirated, eg. /sette/ > [sehte] 'seven'. Within the few (mostly Scandinavian) languages that are reported to have preaspirated voiceless stops, a phonetically similar process of sonorant devoicing before voiceless stops is often reported to occur, eg. Icelandic /vitt/ [viht] ‘breadth’ and /lampi/ [lam8pI] 'lamp' (Hansson, 2001:157). Given that voiceless geminate stops are also frequently preaspirated in Sienese Italian, in this pilot study we investigate whether devoicing of sonorants might also occur, given the cooccurrence of the two phenomena in other preaspirating languages. Our preliminary investigation of /lt/ sequences in spontaneous speech (6 speakers) shows that sonorant devoicing is very frequent, occurring in 85% of all tokens analysed. We provide specific details of its frequency according to speaker, and context, as well as information about its acoustic characteristics

On the Acoustic Characterization of Ejective Stops in Waima’a

We examine some acoustic properties of ejective stops in Waima’a (an Austronesian language spoken in East Timor), and compare them with other voiceless stop types that occur in the language. Previous studies of ejectives in other languages have suggested that they may fall into two classes, strong and weak. We compare our Waima’a results with some existing findings in the literature, and suggest that while Waima’a ejectives might appear to be more appropriately characterized as strong on some criteria, they do not sit squarely in either category

Capacity per Unit Energy of Fading Channels with a Peak Constraint

A discrete-time single-user scalar channel with temporally correlated Rayleigh fading is analyzed. There is no side information at the transmitter or the receiver. A simple expression is given for the capacity per unit energy, in the presence of a peak constraint. The simple formula of Verdu for capacity per unit cost is adapted to a channel with memory, and is used in the proof. In addition to bounding the capacity of a channel with correlated fading, the result gives some insight into the relationship between the correlation in the fading process and the channel capacity. The results are extended to a channel with side information, showing that the capacity per unit energy is one nat per Joule, independently of the peak power constraint. A continuous-time version of the model is also considered. The capacity per unit energy subject to a peak constraint (but no bandwidth constraint) is given by an expression similar to that for discrete time, and is evaluated for Gauss-Markov and Clarke fading channels.Comment: Journal version of paper presented in ISIT 2003 - now accepted for publication in IEEE Transactions on Information Theor

Post-aspiration in standard Italian

Voiceless geminate stops in Italian are typically described as unaspirated in all positions (e.g. [1, 2]). However, recent acoustic phonetic analysis of part of a corpus of standard Italian speech data has shown that the geminate voiceless stops /pp tt kk/ are frequently realized with both preaspiration i.e. [hp: ht: hk:] (cf. [3]) and post-aspiration. This paper focuses on the latter phenomenon, presenting acoustic phonetic evidence in the form of VOT duration values for /pp tt kk/ tokens recorded in 15 Italian cities (based on the CLIPS corpus of spoken Italian [4, 5]). The co-occurrence of post-aspiration with preaspiration is considered and results are discussed with a focus on regional patterns