Ethical dilemmas experienced by early career educational psychologists in Australia and Aotearoa New Zealand : a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Educational Psychology, Institute of Education, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand

The ethical dilemmas confronting early career psychologists (those with less than five years’ experience) employed in school settings in Aotearoa New Zealand and in Australia, are explored in this research. Responses were sought through requests to professional bodies to publicise the survey to their members. Sixteen responses were received, seven from New Zealand, and nine from one state in Australia, giving a total of 14 eligible responses. The research was carried out with the goal of developing an understanding of the ethical situations confronting early career educational psychologists, and the processes used to resolve ethical challenges, with findings being used to inform training practices. Being aware of the types of challenges typically confronting educational psychologists allows educators to prepare them as well as possible for those challenges. Given the small data set, at most the study can be seen as a preliminary consideration of the ethical issues confronting early career educational psychologists in the two countries however the research has provided some foundations on which future research can build. It was found that the use of inappropriate assessment tools, and issues related to security of school records were the most commonly reported ethical transgressions, and issues related to interventions, such as failure to follow up on interventions were also encountered frequently by respondents. Uncertainty about contacting child protective services in cases of suspected child abuse was the most frequently experienced and highly challenging ethical dilemma, followed by challenges related to disclosure to parents of minors engaging in risky behaviour. iii Data suggest that increased collaboration between educational psychologists, the professional bodies representing them, school stakeholders, and other agencies representing students with educational challenges, is likely to be beneficial to all parties. Additionally, research to identify the strategies used by more experienced practitioners to cope with extensive work commitments and limited time is another area worthy of consideration. Exploration of the different types of supervision and their effectiveness is indicated to enhance the supervision process, and finally ensuring that educational psychologists are familiar with current best practice to ensure the security of electronic data is recommended

Value Creation in Health Care: The Case of the Princesse Grace Hospital (CHPG) Monaco

Health care has to make transitions to be truly effective in the modern world. A change in paradigm is needed. This requires that value - defined as the health outcome for a particular medical condition per unit of cost expended - must be applied and added to health care, and health care itself must be treated as a business that performs in a competitive environment to ultimately provide client or customer satisfaction. Health care today is typically service specific, necessitating that the client or patient visits different medical or clinical departments to get the range of treatment prescribed for his/her condition. We argue – following Porter and Teisberg - that health care should be patient-centric and that organization and treatment should be planned accordingly. Such planning must take into account the provision of a range of services directly accessible or networked regionally taking full advantage of technological advances in the field of medical technology and informational systems. We examine whether such principles are currently being applied in Monaco (specifically in the Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace) taking into account both Monaco’s unique positioning and its geographical context in relation to the French health system as well as the resulting interaction in networking relationships. We explore how value in healthcare is currently being added and investigate plans for augmenting such efforts. Aspects of preventative and innovative initiatives are also discussed as a means of enhancing value. Finally, we offer a set of recommendations that in the context of the local situation might be successfully applied. Continuous review of performance and the application of best practice and technologies are proposed to ensure that the provision of health care services can compete with the best in the world.Health care; value creation in health care; Monaco; Southern France

Views and Experiences of New Zealand Women with Gestational Diabetes in Achieving Glycaemic Control Targets: The Views Study

Introduction. Optimal glycaemic control in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) reduces maternal and infant morbidity. Method. A survey was administered to women diagnosed with GDM to explore their views and experiences in achieving optimal glycaemic control. Results. Sixty women participated. Enablers included being taught to test capillary blood glucose in group settings where the health professional demonstrated this on themselves first (60, 100%); health professionals listening (41, 68%); being reminded to perform blood glucose testing (33, 55%); and being provided healthy meals by friends and family (28, 47%). Barriers included not having information in a woman’s first language (33, 55%); being offered unhealthy food (19, 31%); not being believed by health professionals (13, 21%); receiving inconsistent information by health professionals (10, 16%); never being seen twice by the same health professional (8, 13%); and long waiting hours at clinics (7, 11%). Two-thirds of women (37, 62%) reported that food costs were not a barrier, but that they were always or frequently hungry. Conclusion. Optimising experiences for women with GDM for achieving glycaemic control and overcoming barriers, regardless of glycaemic targets, requires further focus on providing meaningful health literacy and support from health professionals, family, friends, and work colleague

Optimal treatments and experiences for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): improving health for mothers and babies

Aims: To provide insights into optimal treatments, glycaemic targets, and experiences of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to guide clinical management. Optimal treatments for women with GDM Method: An overview of Cochrane systematic reviews to synthesise evidence on treatments for women with GDM. Findings: Eight systematic reviews were eligible and included a total of 62 randomised trials involving 9133 women, 8373 babies and 767 children. High-quality evidence suggested that lifestyle interventions were ineffective for reducing the likelihood of induction of labour compared with usual diet/diet alone. Exercise compared with control was ineffective in improving the return to pre-pregnancy weight. No other high-quality evidence was found. Promising interventions included lifestyle interventions (reduced risk of large for gestational age) and the DASH diet (reduced rate of caesarean section). Glycaemic treatment targets for women with GDM Method: A Cochrane systematic review to synthesise evidence from randomised controlled trials on the effect of different glycaemic targets for women with GDM and their children. Findings: One randomised trial with 180 women was eligible and included. Based on limited data it remains unclear which glycaemic targets to recommend for women with GDM for improving their health and that of their babies. Views, experiences, barriers, and enablers of women with GDM on achieving optimal glycaemic control Methods: Sixty women with GDM completed the survey and semi-structured interview. Findings: The survey highlighted how the 60 women viewed adherence to their glycaemic targets and identified ten enablers and nine barriers. Thematic analysis using the Theoretical Domains Framework from the semi-structured interviews provided insights of the women’s first reaction to a diagnosis of GDM and identified multiple barriers and enablers for women with GDM trying to achieve optimal glycaemic control within ten relevant Theoretical Domains. Conclusions This thesis found limited evidence for effective treatments and glycaemic targets for women with GDM. A need for high-quality research with long-term follow-up was identified. Women with GDM in New Zealand identified multiple enablers and barriers to achieving optimal glycaemic control that need to be considered when providing health care

Tradisi Rapek Karambie di Paninjauan dalam Komposisi Musik Karawitan

Paninjauan is a Nagari located in District X Koto , Tanah Datar , West Sumatra Province . Most of the population are farmers , then civil servants and merchants . In living everyday life governed by Indigenous or rules applicable in Nagari Paninjaun . Indigenous or the rules has become a tradition and culture for Paninjauan Society . This can be seen on a daily basis in the implementation , farming , bergontong mutual , in the implementation of worship , in a custom implementation , such as ; cultural implementation of circumcision , marriage , how to dress and so on . Including traditional search or choose minantu / sumando , namely to find a mate a girl who will be married in Nagari Paninjauan . The procession is not easy , because the people who will be made minantu / sumando is really scrutinized and approved by the immediate family of the girl , then the custom is as mamak , and the father as the nearest sumando urang also urang sumando sekaum . Looking minantu / sumando in Paninjauan likened to find a core process of starch in a karambie ( coconut ) . Decisions taken in consensus karambie together and decided by pengulu to embed the principles of prudence

Settlement Experiences of Post-1995 Male Migrants from India in New Zealand

This ethnographic study of 20 male migrants from India to New Zealand since 1995, examined their settlement experiences including challenges, struggles and conflicts and how they managed and overcame these challenges. The study also explored how migrants coped with the stressors that migration posed. The results documented narratives of fortitude and resilience and the use of familial, collective and spiritual strategies in overcoming the formidable barriers faced by migrants during their resettlement to New Zealand