Plan de mejoramiento del proceso productivo de la empresa Alimentos del Valle S.A a partir de un estudio de métodos y tiempos

En el presente trabajo se realizara un diagnostico en la empresa Alival S.A sucursal de Pereira, por medio de encuestas y haciendo uso de la observación, con lo cual se identificaran las diferentes problemáticas en el proceso productivo. Para ello es necesario conocer más afondo la empresa, planteando una descripción general del proceso. Esto se dará a partir del dialogo con los empleados, asistiendo frecuentemente a la empresa, observando y tomando evidencia. Además al desarrollar el diagnostico general nos daremos cuenta de algunos de los problemas, siendo este el objetivo de la primera parte que es el reconocimiento de donde se va a realizar el trabajo

Diseño de aplicación móvil como propuesta de manual terapéutico farmacológico, para automedicación responsable, dirigida a la población nicaragüense, Agosto 2021–Abril 2022

La automedicación se ha definido como el consumo de medicamentos, hierbas o remedios caseros por iniciativa propia o por consejo de otra persona, sin consultar con el médico. Esta práctica es un tema controvertido, debido a que existen personas que la rechazan, argumentando los daños que puede generar a la sociedad el uso indiscriminado y sin orientación médica de los medicamentos; y personas que la defienden, aduciendo que es la forma de optimizar y equiparar la atención en salud a toda la población. El presente estudio se realizó en el Barrio Altagracia Managua durante el periodo de agosto 2021- abril 2022, teniendo por finalidad conocer el diseño de una aplicación móvil como propuesta de manual terapéutico farmacológico, para automedicación responsable. De acuerdo con la Organización Mundial de la Salud, la automedicación responsable es la práctica mediante la cual los individuos tratan sus enfermedades y condiciones con medicamentos que están probados y disponibles sin prescripción, y que son seguros y efectivos cuando se usan según las indicaciones. Señala también la OMS que la automedicación responsable requiere de: Medicamentos que tengan seguridad, calidad y eficacia probadas. Se realiza un estudio de tipo descriptivo-cualitativo, utilizando la fórmula para población finita dando una muestra de 306 personas mayores de 18 años, por medio de este estudio se pudo alcanzar el objetivo propuesto para demostrar el grado de aceptación de la aplicación móvil Medi-R en la población en estudio, indicando que el 80% aceptó la propuesta y dijeron que si utilizarían la aplicación móvil, porque es más rápido el acceso a la información y tiene familiares que consumen diversos medicamentos, sin saber las reacciones de los mismos y un 20% de rechazo, porque consideraron que el cuidado de la salud debe evaluarse de manera presencial por profesionales de la salud y los adultos mayores argumentaron no poder utilizar los dispositivos inteligentes y padecer de problemas en la vista por lo que no la utilizaría

An efficient multi-objective evolutionary approach for solving the operation of multi-reservoir system scheduling in hydro-power plants

This paper tackles the short-term hydro-power unit commitment problem in a multi-reservoir system ? a cascade-based operation scenario. For this, we propose a new mathematical modeling in which the goal is to maximize the total energy production of the hydro-power plant in a sub-daily operation, and, simultaneously, to maximize the total water content (volume) of reservoirs. For solving the problem, we discuss the Multi-objective Evolutionary Swarm Hybridization (MESH) algorithm, a recently proposed multi-objective swarm intelligence-based optimization method which has obtained very competitive results when compared to existing evolutionary algorithms in specific applications. The MESH approach has been applied to find the optimal water discharge and the power produced at the maximum reservoir volume for all possible combinations of turbines in a hydro-power plant. The performance of MESH has been compared with that of well-known evolutionary approaches such as NSGA-II, NSGA-III, SPEA2, and MOEA/D in a realistic problem considering data from a hydro-power energy system with two cascaded hydro-power plants in Brazil. Results indicate that MESH showed a superior performance than alternative multi-objective approaches in terms of efficiency and accuracy, providing a profit of $412,500 per month in a projection analysis carried out.European CommissionAgencia Estatal de InvestigaciónComunidad de Madri

Impacto de las variedades obonuco andina y San Isidro en el departamento de Nariño, Colombia

This research estimated the adoption and impact of the Obonuco Andean and Obonuco San Isidro pea varieties in the department of Nariño, during the period 2017 - 2019. Semi-structured interviews, life stories and focus groups were conducted with key actors; economic estimation of the additional benefit for the producers due to the use of the technology and the estimation of socio-environmental impacts with the Ambitec-Agro method. Among the factors for the adoption of these varieties is their high productivity and performance compared to other materials available in the region, the opening of markets to green grain varieties and low oxidation; As indirect factors, the generation of rural employment is observed due to the diversification of productive roles and the involvement of women and their specialization in tutoring activities. It is estimated, during the evaluated period, an average annual additional benefit for producers, due to the use of technology, of 49,079,940,000 COP, from 12,900 hectares planted per year. Regarding the socio-environmental impacts, the following stand out: improvement in gender and age equity, job creation and qualification, income generation, increase in social capital and improvement in food security. Negative impacts are estimated: greater use of agricultural inputs; loss in air, soil and water quality; decline in biodiversity conservation; that infer the need to work on research processes aimed at improving the sustainability and resilience of the productive system with its natural environment.Esta investigación estimó la adopción e impacto de las variedades de arveja Obonuco Andina y Obonuco San Isidro en el departamento de Nariño, durante el período 2017 - 2019. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas, historias de vida y grupos focales con actores clave; estimación económica del beneficio adicional para los productores por el uso de la tecnología y la estimación de impactos socioambientales con el método Ambitec – Agro. Entre los factores de adopción de estas variedades se encuentran su alta productividad y rendimiento frente a otros materiales disponibles en la región, la apertura de mercados a variedades de grano verde y baja oxidación. Como factores indirectos se observan la generación de empleo rural por la diversificación de roles productivos e involucramiento de la mujer y su especialización en las actividades de tutorado. Se estima, durante el período evaluado, un beneficio adicional anual promedio para los productores, por el uso de la tecnología, de 49.079.940.000 COP, a partir de 12.900 hectáreas anuales sembradas. Respecto a los impactos socioambientales se destacan: mejora en equidad de género y etaria, creación y cualificación del empleo, generación de ingresos, incremento del capital social y mejora en la seguridad alimentaria. Como impactos negativos se estima: mayor uso de insumos agrícolas; pérdida en la calidad del aíre, del suelo y el agua; disminución en la conservación de la biodiversidad; que sugieren la necesidad de investigaciones orientadas a mejorar la sostenibilidad y resiliencia del sistema productivo con su entorno natural

Dynamic Electric Dispatch for Wind Power Plants: A New Automatic Controller System Using Evolutionary Algorithms

In this paper, we use an evolutionary swarm intelligence approach to build an automatic electric dispatch controller for an offshore wind power plant (WPP). The optimal power flow (OPF) problem for this WPP is solved by the Canonical Differential Evolutionary Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (C-DEEPSO). In this paper, C-DEEPSO works as a control system for reactive sources in energy production. The control operation takes place in a daily energy dispatch, scheduled into 15 min intervals and resulting in 96 operating test scenarios. As the nature of the optimization problem is dynamic, a fine-tuning of the initialization parameters of the optimization algorithm is performed at each dispatch interval. Therefore, a version of the C-DEEPSO algorithm has been built to automatically learn the best set of initialization parameters for each scenario. For this, we have coupled C-DEEPSO with the irace tool (an extension of the iterated F-race (I/F-Race)) by using inferential statistic techniques. The experiments carried out showed that the methodology employed here is robust and able to tackle this OPF-like modeling. Moreover, the methodology works as an automatic control system for a dynamic schedule operation

Trabajo social comunitario: acciones desde lo rural.

Con el ánimo de conversar al respecto acerca de nuevas posibilidades de actuación desde lo comunitario en escenarios rurales, se llevó a cabo en mayo del 2014 el iv Seminario Internacional de Trabajo Social Comunitario: Acciones desde lo Rural, el cual buscaba establecer diálogos entre espacios académicos y populares, todo esto a partir de los saberes de las comunidades en territorios rurales, con la intención de comprender el campo de acción del trabajo social en este escenario a nivel regional, nacional e internacional

Trabajo social comunitario: acciones desde lo rural.

Con el ánimo de conversar al respecto acerca de nuevas posibilidades de actuación desde lo comunitario en escenarios rurales, se llevó a cabo en mayo del 2014 el iv Seminario Internacional de Trabajo Social Comunitario: Acciones desde lo Rural, el cual buscaba establecer diálogos entre espacios académicos y populares, todo esto a partir de los saberes de las comunidades en territorios rurales, con la intención de comprender el campo de acción del trabajo social en este escenario a nivel regional, nacional e internacional

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic