Conhecimento de pais e responsáveis de crianças na primeira infância sobre a relação entre alimentação e doença cárie

Introdução: a dieta assume um papel importante na instalação da doença cárie e essa correlação deve ser bem conhecida por pais e responsáveis de crianças na primeira infância, a fim de evitar a cárie precoce da infância. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar o conhecimento de pais e responsáveis de crianças de 0 a 71 meses sobre a correlação da existência entre doença cárie e a alimentação. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que utilizou a técnica do grupo focal para coleta de dados. A pesquisa aconteceu na creche onde as crianças eram matriculadas. 11 participantes compuseram o estudo, sendo 5 responsáveis de crianças com experiência de cárie (CEC) e 6 responsáveis de crianças sem experiência de cárie (SEC). Utilizou-se um questionário semi-estruturado para nortear a interação do grupo. Resultados: os participantes do grupo SEC possuem melhor conhecimento sobre o papel da alimentação na instalação da cárie dentária, melhor controle da dieta de seus filhos e maior instrução quanto a higiene bucal, diferente do grupo CEC, que mesmo tendo um considerável conhecimento sobre o papel da alimentação na doença cárie, relataram menor controle sobre a alimentação e higiene bucal. Conclusões: responsáveis de crianças do grupo CEC demonstraram menos conhecimento sobre o papel da alimentação e higiene bucal no surgimento da doença cárie, diferente dos responsáveis de crianças do grupo SEC. Programas como o Saúde na Escola e o Melhor em Casa são estratégias importantes para a ampliação da prevenção e promoção de saúde bucal ao núcleo familiar

Capacitação em propriedade intelectual e prospecção tecnológica por meio de patentes: análise da elaboração de método inovador/ Capacity building in intellectual property and technological prospection through patents: analysis of the elaboration of an innovative method

A divulgação dos conhecimentos contidos no documento de patente parte da perspectiva de que o conhecimento das novas tecnologias sirva de base para novas soluções, favorecendo o ciclo virtuoso de desenvolvimento tecnológico e inovação. Partindo do pressuposto que as Instituições e Ciência e Tecnologia (ICTs) se caracterizam por ambientes majoritariamente acadêmicos, verifica-se que a cultura nestes locais tradicionalmente aponta para a utilização de fonte clássicas de informação, como artigos científicos e livros. Isto posto, o objetivo que norteou esse estudo foi desenvolver um método para difundir conhecimentos acerca da relevância da utilização da informação tecnológica das patentes. Para tanto, procedeu-se uma revisão do estudo produzido por Baltazar et al. (2017) verificando o nível de utilização de informação tecnológica oriunda de documentos de patente. Em seguida, procedeu-se uma análise SWOT para a elaboração de um novo método de capacitação de pesquisadores de ICTs em propriedade intelectual, patentes e prospecção tecnológica por meio de patentes. Por fim, realizou-se a elaboração de um novo método de capacitação para análise de patentes e prospecção tecnológica a partir de patentes

Estudo de caso: análise dos procedimentos executivos dos sistemas de estabilização de inclinação e do sistema de proteção contra queda de blocos / Case study: analysis of executive procedures for tilt stabilization systems and block fall protection system

O Brasil possui aproximadamente 30.000 km de malha ferroviária, que visam o transporte de passageiros, minério, produtos industrializados, entre outros. Esse fato evidencia a necessidade de monitorar a estabilidade dos taludes, a fim de se evitar acidentes com graves consequências ambientais, sociais e econômicas. São apresentados no presente trabalho relatos do acompanhamento de uma obra de contenção realizada no município de Belo Vale/MG, onde se efetuou o uso de três métodos diferentes de contenções, a fim de prevenir a existência de algum acidente na linha férrea, que transporta grande parte do minério extraído na região com destino aos portos. Os relatos das experiências vivenciadas permitiram a compreensão dos procedimentos necessários para a instalação dos sistemas de estabilização de inclinação SPIDER® e TECCO® e do sistema de proteção contra queda de blocos de rocha RXE-2000

Agricultural answers and chemical composition of Massai grass under different nitrogen doses and urea sources

Under the hypothesis that modifying nitrogen sources and doses could increase nitrogen fertilization efficiency and productivity and improve forage quality, this study aimed to evaluate the morphological composition, structural characteristics and chemical composition of Panicum maximum cv. Massai forage cultivated under different urea sources (common and coated with Policote®) and nitrogen doses (200, 400 and 600 kg ha-1 year-1) during the autumn, winter and spring of 2014 and the summer and autumn of 2015. The experiment was carried out in Seropédica, RJ, under a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement (3x2) + 1 with four replications. High nitrogen rates promoted higher percentages of leaf blade dry mass and lower percentages of dead material dry mass in the forage mass and provided higher tiller population density and forage accumulation rate of Massai grass during the studied seasons. The use of coated urea promoted higher levels of crude protein in the forage than did the use of common urea in all seasons. The intensification of nitrogen fertilization reduced the nitrogen use efficiency but benefitted the structural characteristics, forage accumulation and chemical composition of Massai grass forage. The use of coated urea promoted greater of nitrogen use efficiency during all seasons of the year

Photography-based taxonomy is inadequate, unnecessary, and potentially harmful for biological sciences

The question whether taxonomic descriptions naming new animal species without type specimen(s) deposited in collections should be accepted for publication by scientific journals and allowed by the Code has already been discussed in Zootaxa (Dubois & Nemésio 2007; Donegan 2008, 2009; Nemésio 2009a–b; Dubois 2009; Gentile & Snell 2009; Minelli 2009; Cianferoni & Bartolozzi 2016; Amorim et al. 2016). This question was again raised in a letter supported by 35 signatories published in the journal Nature (Pape et al. 2016) on 15 September 2016. On 25 September 2016, the following rebuttal (strictly limited to 300 words as per the editorial rules of Nature) was submitted to Nature, which on 18 October 2016 refused to publish it. As we think this problem is a very important one for zoological taxonomy, this text is published here exactly as submitted to Nature, followed by the list of the 493 taxonomists and collection-based researchers who signed it in the short time span from 20 September to 6 October 2016

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV

Measurement of the top quark mass using charged particles in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

Peer reviewe

Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others