Spring 1956

This year the newly organized Turf Management Club has undertaken the publication of a booklet featuring various aspects of turf work. Through this we are attempting to present material that will be of interest to those who are familiar with the Massachusetts Turf Schools. At the same time we hope that it may have some educational value by presenting the view of both of those of us on the job and others engaged in research and promotion and selling. The publication will include information about the current years winter school and turf conference, articles about some of the professors here at the University who are responsible for the course work, reports about activities and honors earned by the Stockbridge Turf Majors while on campus; and reports on research in fine turf conducted here at the University of Massachusetts. There will also be articles written by men connected with turf work such as yourselves and articles written by staff members at the University. The main objective of this publication is to form a bond of common interest and friendship between the alumni and other friends of our turf schools. Those of us who graduate this year are looking forward to getting the news from the university in years to come. We hope you feel the same

Fall 1956

Greetings from the Club President (page 2) Winter School and Turf Conference Cancelled for 1957 (2) Value of Turf Clippings (3) Dedication--Minor J. Markuson (4) Interrelations between Design, Construction and Maintenance (6) Golf Course Design (6) Relationship of Golf Course Design to Maintenance Costs (9) Influence of Construction upon maintenance (12) Snow Blue - Snow White (14) Post Emergence Control of Crabgrass (15) Third Generation in Greenkeeping (16) Hand Greens Mowers (17) Equipment (18) Pelham Country Club vs New England Thruway (18) Should Junior Memberships be Allowed (19) Meet the Staff (20) Turf Club News (23) Chairman-superintendent Relationship: Quote by Dickinson (24) Letter To Dean Sieling from New England Golf Course Superintendent\u27s Association (24) Associate Members of Stockbridge Turf Management Club (25) Membership Application Form for Turf Management Club (26

Spring 1958

Dedication of Turf Clippings to Robert Williams (1) Picture - Stockbridge Turf majors (2) Title page and contents (3) Greetings from Dean Sieling - College of Agriculture (4) Outstanding Men in Turfgrass Honored (4) Word From the Editor of Turf Clippings (5) Message From the 1958 Winter School President (6) Summary of 1958 University of Massachusetts Turfgrass Conference - Al Radko (6-9) Importance of Superintendences Associations - Anthony B. Caranci (10) Picture - Turf Grass Interest Stretch from Coast to Coast (11) Picture - 1958 Winter School for Turf Managers (12) Golf Courses in California - James C. Scott (13) The Constant Battle - Joseph Troll (13) Recognition of the Golf Course Superintendent - Frederick Bove (14-15) 1958 Winter School Comments (16) Maintenance of Insurance Grounds - George J. Moore Jr. (17-18) Don\u27t Get Caught Short - Bruce Silven (19-20) We Have had It - They Now Have it - These Two Shall Have it - Orville O. Clapper (21) The Golf Course Superintendent - Prof. L. S. Dickinson (22-23) Picture - Winter School Alumni Meet at Conference (24) Cartoons (25) Cost of Lawn and Golf Course Construction - Geoffrey Cornish (26-27) Turf Club News (28-29) 1957 Horticulture Show Winner (30) Frosting on the Cake (30) Number One Graduate (31) 1957 Stockbridge Turf majors - Work (32) Turf management Club Associate Memberships (32

Scientific publishing and the reading of science in nineteenth-century Britain: a historiographical survey and guide to sources

[FIRST PARAGRAPH] It is now generally accepted that both the conception and practices of natural enquiry in the Western tradition underwent a series of profound developments in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century—developments which have been variously characterized as a ‘second scientific revolution’ and, much more tellingly, as the ‘invention of science’. As several authors have argued, moreover, a crucial aspect of this change consisted in the distinctive audience relations of the new sciences. While eighteenth-century natural philosophy was distinguished by an audience relation in which, as William Whewell put it, ‘a large and popular circle of spectators and amateurs [felt] themselves nearly upon a level, in the value of their trials and speculations, with more profound thinkers’, the science which was invented in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century was, as Simon Schaffer has argued, marked by the ‘emergence of disciplined, trained cadres of research scientists’ clearly distinguished from a wider, exoteric public. Similarly, Jan Golinski argues that the ‘emergence of new instrumentation and a more consolidated social structure for the specialist community’ for early nineteenth-century chemistry was intimately connected with the transformation in the role of its public audience to a condition of relative passivity. These moves were underpinned by crucial epistemological and rhetorical shifts—from a logic of discovery, theoretically open to all, to a more restrictive notion of discovery as the preserve of scientific ‘genius’, and from an open-ended philosophy of ‘experience’ to a far more restrictive notion of disciplined ‘expertise’. Both of these moves were intended to do boundary work, restricting the community active in creating and validating scientific knowledge, and producing a passive public

Reading and Ownership

First paragraph: ‘It is as easy to make sweeping statements about reading tastes as to indict a nation, and as pointless.’ This jocular remark by a librarian made in the Times in 1952 sums up the dangers and difficulties of writing the history of reading. As a field of study in the humanities it is still in its infancy and encompasses a range of different methodologies and theoretical approaches. Historians of reading are not solely interested in what people read, but also turn their attention to the why, where and how of the reading experience. Reading can be solitary, silent, secret, surreptitious; it can be oral, educative, enforced, or assertive of a collective identity. For what purposes are individuals reading? How do they actually use books and other textual material? What are the physical environments and spaces of reading? What social, educational, technological, commercial, legal, or ideological contexts underpin reading practices? Finding answers to these questions is compounded by the difficulty of locating and interpreting evidence. As Mary Hammond points out, ‘most reading acts in history remain unrecorded, unmarked or forgotten’. Available sources are wide but inchoate: diaries, letters and autobiographies; personal and oral testimonies; marginalia; and records of societies and reading groups all lend themselves more to the case-study approach than the historical survey. Statistics offer analysable data but have the effect of producing identikits rather than actual human beings. The twenty-first century affords further possibilities, and challenges, with its traces of digital reader activity, but the map is ever-changing

Schoolbooks and textbook publishing.

In this chapter the author looks at the history of schoolbooks and textbook publishing. The nineteenth century saw a rise in the school book market in Britain due to the rise of formal schooling and public examinations. Although the 1870 Education and 1872 (Scotland) Education Acts made elementary education compulsory for childern between 5-13 years old, it was not until the end of the First World War that some sort form of secondary education became compulsory for all children

From Romantic Gothic to Victorian Medievalism: 1817 and 1877

"The Cambridge History of the Gothic was conceived in 2015, when Linda Bree, then Editorial Director at Cambridge University Press, first suggested the idea to us

Political asylum, citizenship, and immigration: Towards a modern immigration law in the Federal Republic of Germany

Germany has made fundamental changes to its political asylum and citizenship laws in the last decade. These have been radical departures from traditional and post-World War II policy. In 2002 Germany proposed a “modern” immigration law, called the Zuwanderungsgesetz, that would change the philosophy of immigration to Germany and effectively regulate labor migration for the first time since the guestworker program ended in the early 1970s. This study uses data from interviews conducted with elite German policymakers and experts involved in questions of immigration to explore why Germany has made such significant changes to political asylum and citizenship laws, and why it has proposed a new immigration law. It was found that the recent legal reforms are interconnected parts of a larger process of change that has resolved contradictions borne out of German history. The amended Article 16a of the Basic Law severely restricted access to the asylum procedure in Germany, redefined the limits of Germany\u27s obligation to asylum seekers, and led to a wider discussion about harmonizing European Union asylum law. The reform of German citizenship law, which supplemented the policy of jus sanguinis with jus soli, expresses a national identity that is less völkisch and more accepting of immigrants. The proposed Zuwanderungsgesetz will more effectively regulate immigration to Germany and indicates that Germany has, once and for all, become a country of immigration. Taken as a whole, these legal changes represent a political modernization, a de facto harmonization with European Union laws, and Germany\u27s evolving national identity as an ethnically pluralistic country