Exploring the accessibility of deformed digital heritage models

The concept of accessibility has been examined by the scientific community in various fields such as education, health care, social inclusion, disabilities, transport, and tourism. Regarding heritage, the European Commission’s efforts toward accessible cultural heritage are highlighted, along with the use of digitisation and modelling technologies for complex heritage shapes. Thus, this chapter explores relevant scientific research into the accessibility of digital heritage models that represent the assets’ real condition, that is, as-is or as-built models produced using advanced digitisation and modelling technologies. The study emphasises the importance of both physical and semantic aspects of heritage conservation and the need for public awareness and cooperation toward the aimed accessibility. The methodology addresses the search for publications in Scopus and Web of Science and their filtering based on inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure documents related to the accessibility of deformed digital heritage models are considered. The research concludes that creating accessible deformed digital heritage models is crucial for inclusion and participation from the public and stakeholders, and while some studies achieve accurate as-built geometries and accessibility, there is room for improvement

Cardiovascular disease in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: A cross-sectional analysis of 6 cohorts

To analyze in several immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) the influence of demographic and clinical-related variables on the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD), and compare their standardized prevalences.Cross-sectional study, including consecutive patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, Crohn disease, or ulcerative colitis, from rheumatology, gastroenterology, and dermatology tertiary care outpatient clinics located throughout Spain, between 2007 and 2010. Our main outcome was defined as previous diagnosis of angina, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, and/or stroke. Bivariate and multivariate logistic and mixed-effects logistic regression models were performed for each condition and the overall cohort, respectively. Standardized prevalences (in subjects per 100 patients, with 95% confidence intervals) were calculated using marginal analysis.We included 9951 patients. For each IMID, traditional cardiovascular risk factors had a different contribution to CVD. Overall, older age, longer disease duration, presence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors, and male sex were independently associated with a higher CVD prevalence. After adjusting for demographic and traditional cardiovascular risk factors, systemic lupus erythematosus exhibited the highest CVD standardized prevalence, followed by rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, Crohn disease, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis (4.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.2, 6.8], 1.3 [95% CI: 0.8, 1.8], 0.9 [95% CI: 0.5, 1.2], 0.8 [95% CI: 0.2, 1.3], 0.6 [95% CI: 0.2, 1.0], and 0.5 [95% CI: 0.1, 0.8], respectively).Systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriasis are associated with higher prevalence of CVD compared with other IMIDs. Specific prevention programs should be established in subjects affected with these conditions to prevent CVD

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions

Worldwide trends in underweight and obesity from 1990 to 2022: a pooled analysis of 3663 population-representative studies with 222 million children, adolescents, and adults

Background Underweight and obesity are associated with adverse health outcomes throughout the life course. We estimated the individual and combined prevalence of underweight or thinness and obesity, and their changes, from 1990 to 2022 for adults and school-aged children and adolescents in 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 3663 population-based studies with 222 million participants that measured height and weight in representative samples of the general population. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in the prevalence of different BMI categories, separately for adults (age ≥20 years) and school-aged children and adolescents (age 5–19 years), from 1990 to 2022 for 200 countries and territories. For adults, we report the individual and combined prevalence of underweight (BMI 2 SD above the median). Findings From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity in adults decreased in 11 countries (6%) for women and 17 (9%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 that the observed changes were true decreases. The combined prevalence increased in 162 countries (81%) for women and 140 countries (70%) for men with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. In 2022, the combined prevalence of underweight and obesity was highest in island nations in the Caribbean and Polynesia and Micronesia, and countries in the Middle East and north Africa. Obesity prevalence was higher than underweight with posterior probability of at least 0·80 in 177 countries (89%) for women and 145 (73%) for men in 2022, whereas the converse was true in 16 countries (8%) for women, and 39 (20%) for men. From 1990 to 2022, the combined prevalence of thinness and obesity decreased among girls in five countries (3%) and among boys in 15 countries (8%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80, and increased among girls in 140 countries (70%) and boys in 137 countries (69%) with a posterior probability of at least 0·80. The countries with highest combined prevalence of thinness and obesity in school-aged children and adolescents in 2022 were in Polynesia and Micronesia and the Caribbean for both sexes, and Chile and Qatar for boys. Combined prevalence was also high in some countries in south Asia, such as India and Pakistan, where thinness remained prevalent despite having declined. In 2022, obesity in school-aged children and adolescents was more prevalent than thinness with a posterior probability of at least 0·80 among girls in 133 countries (67%) and boys in 125 countries (63%), whereas the converse was true in 35 countries (18%) and 42 countries (21%), respectively. In almost all countries for both adults and school-aged children and adolescents, the increases in double burden were driven by increases in obesity, and decreases in double burden by declining https://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/images/research_banner_face_lab_290.jpgunderweight or thinness. Interpretation The combined burden of underweight and obesity has increased in most countries, driven by an increase in obesity, while underweight and thinness remain prevalent in south Asia and parts of Africa. A healthy nutrition transition that enhances access to nutritious foods is needed to address the remaining burden of underweight while curbing and reversing the increase in obesity

Diminishing benefits of urban living for children and adolescents’ growth and development

AbstractOptimal growth and development in childhood and adolescence is crucial for lifelong health and well-being1–6. Here we used data from 2,325 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight from 71 million participants, to report the height and body-mass index (BMI) of children and adolescents aged 5–19 years on the basis of rural and urban place of residence in 200 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020. In 1990, children and adolescents residing in cities were taller than their rural counterparts in all but a few high-income countries. By 2020, the urban height advantage became smaller in most countries, and in many high-income western countries it reversed into a small urban-based disadvantage. The exception was for boys in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and in some countries in Oceania, south Asia and the region of central Asia, Middle East and north Africa. In these countries, successive cohorts of boys from rural places either did not gain height or possibly became shorter, and hence fell further behind their urban peers. The difference between the age-standardized mean BMI of children in urban and rural areas was &lt;1.1 kg m–2 in the vast majority of countries. Within this small range, BMI increased slightly more in cities than in rural areas, except in south Asia, sub-Saharan Africa and some countries in central and eastern Europe. Our results show that in much of the world, the growth and developmental advantages of living in cities have diminished in the twenty-first century, whereas in much of sub-Saharan Africa they have amplified.</jats:p

Effects of light intensity and addition of carotene rich Dunaliella salina live cells on growth and antioxidant activity of Solea senegalensis Kaup (1858) larval and metamorphic stages

14 pages, 4 figuresSenegal sole Solea senegalensis larval and metamorphic stages were exposed to a range of light intensities (200, 1000 and 2000 lx) in cultures with or without supplementation of b-carotenerich live Dunaliella salina cells. Antioxidant biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (KAT), total glutathione peroxidase (t-GPX) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined in larval and metamorphic stages. Growth was not affected (P > 0 05) either by light intensity or D. salina supplementation. Survival after metamorphosis was also unaffected by D. salina supplementation (mean S.E. 81 0 2 5% against 80 6 2 9% those fed the control algal diet) or light intensity (mean S.E. 74 3 4 9% for 200 lx, 85 1 2 7% for 1000 lx and 82 8 5 2% for 2000 lx, respectively). Light intensity affected (P < 0 05) KAT and t-GPX throughout development. SOD was only affected in metamorphosing larvae. The highest KAT and t-GPX activities were detected when the lowest light intensity (200 lx) was used. Light had no effect (P > 0 05) on MDA at any stage. Supplementing the diet with D. salina did not affect SOD, KAT or t-GPX and there was no interaction (P > 0 05) with light intensity. MDA was the only biomarker whose activity was significantly (P < 0 05) reduced when D. salina was supplemented to the larval rearing tanks. The effect of D. salina supplementation was only detected in metamorphosing larvae, whose MDA levels were noticeably higher than in earlier stages. These results are evidence of the antiperoxidative effect of b-carotene from live algae in the larval rearing process of marine fishes.This research has been co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund. INTERREG IIIB, project 091–AAAG, and by the Spanish Ministry for Science and Technology (MCYT project AGL2003-03558).Peer reviewe

Improvements in the learnability of smartphone haptic interfaces for visually impaired users.

We report the results of a study on the learnability of haptic icons used as alerts or notifications in smartphones. The aim was to explore the feasibility of using haptic icons to create assistive technologies for people with visual impairments. We compared the performance and satisfaction of users with different visual capacities (visually impaired vs. sighted) and using different learning processes (with or without a reinforcement learning stage). The reinforcement learning stage improves the recognition rate in both types of users, although the improvement obtained by the visually impaired users is even better as their recognition rates become very similar to those obtained by the sighted users. Finally, it was observed that the better recognized haptic icons are those assigned to the most employed applications by the user

Effectiveness and safety of olive oil preparation for topical use in pressure ulcer prevention: Multicentre, controlled, randomised, and double-blinded clinical trial.

This non-inferiority, multicentre, randomised, controlled, and double-blinded clinical trial compared the therapeutic effectiveness of the topical application of an olive oil solution with that of a hyperoxygenated fatty acid compound for the prevention of pressure ulcers in at-risk nursing home residents. The study population comprised 571 residents of 23 nursing homes with pressure ulcer risk, randomly assigned to a hyperoxygenated fatty acid group (n = 288) or olive oil solution group (n = 283). Both solutions were applied on at-risk skin areas every 12 hours for 30 days or until pressure ulcer onset. The main outcome variable was the pressure ulcer incidence. The absolute risk difference was estimated (with 95% CI) using Kaplan-Meier survival and Cox regression curves. The groups did not significantly differ in any study variable at baseline. The pressure ulcer incidence was 4.18% in the olive oil group vs 6.57% in the control group, with an incidence difference of -2.39% (95% CI = -6.40 to 1.56%), which is within the pre-established non-inferiority margin of ±7%, thus supporting the study hypothesis. We present the first evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the topical application of olive oil to prevent pressure ulcers in the institutionalised elderly

Secuencia estratigráfica en la margen derecha del Guadalquivir. Actividad arqueológica en Calle Betis, 67. Sevilla

Comunicación oral presentada en el I Congreso de Arqueología Profesional de Sevilla y Huelva durante los días 16, 17 y 18 de abril 2021N

Eficacia en la prevención de úlceras por presión del aceite de oliva virgen extra frente a los ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados: resultados intermedios de un estudio de no inferioridad

Objetivos: a) Evaluar la eficacia de la aplicación tópica de aceite de oliva virgen extra en la prevención de úlceras por presión (UPP) en pacientes ancianos, en comparación con los ácidos grasos hiperoxigenados (AGHO), medida por la incidencia de UPP. b) Determinar la seguridad terapéutica (efectos adversos) de la aplicación tópica de aceite de oliva virgen extra. La hipótesis por contrastar es que la incidencia de UPP en el grupo tratado con el preparado de aceite de oliva no es superior a la incidencia de UPP en el grupo tratado con AGHO, estableciendo un margen de no inferioridad del 7%. Métodos: ensayo clínico de no inferioridad, multicéntrico, aleatorizado y controlado, con doble enmascaramiento. Se ha incluido a residentes de residencias de mayores en la provincia de Córdoba (España) con riesgo moderado o alto de UPP entre enero de 2011 y abril de 2013. Se excluyeron residentes que ya tenían alguna UPP al inicio, con enfermedad vascular o en situación de gravedad extrema. El tamaño de muestra estimado es de 560 personas, con un muestreo sistemático consecutivo en cada una de las residencias. La intervención testada fue la aplicación cada 12 horas, en zonas de riesgo, de un preparado de aceite oliva virgen extra (Oleicopiel) (grupo experimental) frente a la aplicación de AGHO (Mepentol) (grupo control). Variable principal: incidencia de UPP en cada grupo. Análisis de la diferencia de incidencias entre los dos grupos y tiempo hasta la aparición (análisis de supervivencia). Resultados: datos intermedios sobre una muestra de 247 residentes de 12 residencias. Ambos grupos son equivalentes al inicio. La incidencia de UPP en el grupo del aceite de oliva fue del 7,1% (8 de 112 residentes) y del 6,8% (8 de 117 residentes) en el grupo de AGHO, con una diferencia de incidencias del 0,31% (intervalo de confianza [IC] al 90% = -6,19% a +5,47%) que está dentro del margen de no inferioridad establecido de ±7% y apoya la hipótesis inicial. No se observó ningún efecto adverso en ninguno de los grupos. Conclusiones: se aportan las primeras evidencias sobre la eficacia y seguridad de la aplicación tópica del aceite de oliva virgen extra para prevenir la aparición de UPP en pacientes de residencias de mayores. De acuerdo con estas evidencias es posible afirmar que el producto de aceite de oliva virgen extra es, al menos, igual de eficaz que los AGHO y que, por tanto, es otra opción terapéutica para prevenir las UPP a disposición de los profesionales y los usuarios