El pensamiento administrativo, contable y de liderazgo. Lecturas críticas frente a las nuevas tendencias latinoamericanas

Las ciencias administrativas, contables y el campo del liderazgo, tienen el gran reto de responder ante una dinámica hipercambiante en el que operan las organizaciones, con la finalidad de adaptarse a la velocidad con que se presentan los cambios. Todos somos conscientes que en general, la forma en cómo entendemos las relaciones sociales y comerciales, así como el mundo laboral, se avocan a una nueva era. Época marcada por el sistema capitalista, la implantación del modelo neoliberal en casi todos los campos y por la era de la revolución industrial 4.0, es decir por la inteligencia artificial como nuevo motor dinamizador de la eficiencia y efectividad empresarial. Este libro es un compendio de artículos, que abarca áreas contables, administrativas y de liderazgo, desde miradas críticas y perspectivas que superan los análisis ortodoxos anglosajones, dando un espacio a la visión crítica de pensadores latinoamericanos, intentando analizar situaciones particulares. Generar nuevas preguntas y futuras líneas de investigación, que permitan re-pensar el rol de las organizaciones y de los líderes en un futuro muy cercano, donde el llamado es que en medio de la invasión tecnológica, generemos espacios de trabajo más dignos, éticos y humanizados, es la finalidad de este aporte

Minimal information for studies of extracellular vesicles 2018 (MISEV2018):a position statement of the International Society for Extracellular Vesicles and update of the MISEV2014 guidelines

The last decade has seen a sharp increase in the number of scientific publications describing physiological and pathological functions of extracellular vesicles (EVs), a collective term covering various subtypes of cell-released, membranous structures, called exosomes, microvesicles, microparticles, ectosomes, oncosomes, apoptotic bodies, and many other names. However, specific issues arise when working with these entities, whose size and amount often make them difficult to obtain as relatively pure preparations, and to characterize properly. The International Society for Extracellular Vesicles (ISEV) proposed Minimal Information for Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (“MISEV”) guidelines for the field in 2014. We now update these “MISEV2014” guidelines based on evolution of the collective knowledge in the last four years. An important point to consider is that ascribing a specific function to EVs in general, or to subtypes of EVs, requires reporting of specific information beyond mere description of function in a crude, potentially contaminated, and heterogeneous preparation. For example, claims that exosomes are endowed with exquisite and specific activities remain difficult to support experimentally, given our still limited knowledge of their specific molecular machineries of biogenesis and release, as compared with other biophysically similar EVs. The MISEV2018 guidelines include tables and outlines of suggested protocols and steps to follow to document specific EV-associated functional activities. Finally, a checklist is provided with summaries of key points

Variation in clutch size in relation to nest size in birds

Peer reviewe

COVID-19 symptoms at hospital admission vary with age and sex: results from the ISARIC prospective multinational observational study

Background: The ISARIC prospective multinational observational study is the largest cohort of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. We present relationships of age, sex, and nationality to presenting symptoms. Methods: International, prospective observational study of 60 109 hospitalized symptomatic patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 recruited from 43 countries between 30 January and 3 August 2020. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate relationships of age and sex to published COVID-19 case definitions and the most commonly reported symptoms. Results: ‘Typical’ symptoms of fever (69%), cough (68%) and shortness of breath (66%) were the most commonly reported. 92% of patients experienced at least one of these. Prevalence of typical symptoms was greatest in 30- to 60-year-olds (respectively 80, 79, 69%; at least one 95%). They were reported less frequently in children (≤ 18 years: 69, 48, 23; 85%), older adults (≥ 70 years: 61, 62, 65; 90%), and women (66, 66, 64; 90%; vs. men 71, 70, 67; 93%, each P < 0.001). The most common atypical presentations under 60 years of age were nausea and vomiting and abdominal pain, and over 60 years was confusion. Regression models showed significant differences in symptoms with sex, age and country. Interpretation: This international collaboration has allowed us to report reliable symptom data from the largest cohort of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19. Adults over 60 and children admitted to hospital with COVID-19 are less likely to present with typical symptoms. Nausea and vomiting are common atypical presentations under 30 years. Confusion is a frequent atypical presentation of COVID-19 in adults over 60 years. Women are less likely to experience typical symptoms than men

Bruxism and familiar functioning in school-age children between 5 and 11 years

Background: Bruxism, a common negative habit in children, is often linked with emotional conflicts, anxiety, stress, or frustration, which could be originated in the familiar environment. Objective: To characterize the familiar environment of children between 5 and 11 years suffering from bruxism. Methods: Analytical control-case design, developed from March to June, 2007, including children between 5 and 11 years from three urban elementary schools included in Health Area II of Cienfuegos municipality. All the children with bruxism were selected as cases and the controls were selected through pairing 2 to 1. The test FF-SIL was used to assess familiar functioning. Results: Bruxism was not associated with gender. There were significant differences between both groups regarding familiar functioning, in which affectivity and cohesion had higher results and harmony was less significant. Most of the studied families were functional or half-functional. Most of children with bruxism come from families with inadequate functioning; besides, dysfunctional and severely dysfunctional families and more frequent in the group of children with bruxism. Conclusion: In the studied sample, bruxism was associated, to a large extent, with inadequate familiar functioning

Results of the dental treatment in children with bruxism

Background: bruxism is a habit associated to stress and to occlusal disturbances which can be solved applying an odontological treatment. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the odotological treatment in students from 5 to 11 years with bruxism. Methods: a study of cuasiexperimental intervention design of type before and after in all the children with bruxim (52), with ages of 5 to 11 elderly years, belonging to Health Area II. Cienfuegos. An oral exam to each child was made; parents and teachers were interviewed as well. Studied variables were: Age, sex, the bruxism's grade of affectation, psychological diagnosis and symptoms and the bruxism's signs. The results present itself in draw of numbers and percentages. Results: the bigger affectation predominated in the female sex from 6 to 11 elderly years and the psychological diagnosis of severe disorders. When examining the signs and symptoms of bruxism before the intervention, the more frequent were the dental squeaking and the dental squeezing. After applying the treatment, more than the half of the children improved his symptomatology in relation to the initial status, and an improvement of over the 70 % in the event of the muscular pain was achieved. Conclusion: the effectiveness of the dental treatment in the improvement of the signs and symptoms of the bruxism was demonstrated