Inspeção e caracterização de patologias em edifícios de habitação visando a sua reabilitação

Atualmente, existe uma enorme diversidade de patologias que podem afetar os elementos construtivos dos edifícios existentes, colocando em causa a sua integridade estrutural. Nesta dissertação pretende-se caracterizar as patologias em três edifícios habitacionais implantados na RAM, no Concelho do Funchal, na freguesia do Imaculado Coração de Maria, analisando as suas possíveis causas, definindo prioridades de intervenção e posteriormente soluções de reabilitação para as mesmas. Este trabalho insere-se num projeto denominado “UMa Intervenção”, sendo referente a um programa de apoio a famílias carenciadas, cujos baixos rendimentos afetam a sua qualidade de vida repercutindo-se nas suas habitações. Este projeto, cuja finalidade é a elaboração de um relatório técnico de reabilitação de cada habitação, conta com a colaboração dos seguintes intervenientes: Grupo de Engenharia Civil da UMa (GECUMa), Departamento da Pastoral do Ensino Superior da UMa (DPESUMa) e direção autárquica local (Junta de Freguesia do Imaculado Coração de Maria). Para este fim, numa primeira instância, procede-se a uma pesquisa bibliográfica de informações acerca do tema, nomeadamente aspetos a ter em consideração ao reabilitar um edifício e respetivas influências no desempenho do mesmo, assim como algumas metodologias de análise de anomalias divulgadas. Com recurso às metodologias pesquisadas, são elaboradas Fichas de Intervenção/Registo, de forma a simplificar o levantamento e a caracterização das patologias observadas no local, servindo de ferramenta imprescindível durante a inspeção às habitações. Após a inspeção aos edifícios habitacionais, onde foi necessário executar medições e respetivo retrato fotográfico para posterior elaboração das plantas base relativas a cada habitação, procede-se à análise do estado de degradação do edifício, caracterizando as patologias encontradas. De seguida, define-se prioridades de intervenção, onde são propostas soluções de reabilitação, com base no mapa de quantidades elaborado para este termo, juntamente com os orçamentos disponibilizados por parte dos fornecedores selecionados. Nesta fase foi necessário proceder a uma análise orçamental, partindo das propostas economicamente mais vantajosas para ulterior sugestão de um possível planeamento das tarefas a serem executadas para a reabilitação. Por fim, são expostas as conclusões, bem como possíveis sugestões para trabalhos futuros.Nowadays there is a huge variety of pathologies that may affect the constructive elements of the existing buildings compromising their structural integrity. In this essay, it is intended to characterize the existing pathologies in three residential buildings implanted in the RAM, in the city of Funchal, in the parish of Imaculado Coração de Maria, analyzing their possible causes, setting intervention priorities and later suggesting rehabilitation solutions for each one. This work is part of a project named “UMa Intervenção” which is a supporting program for poor families whose low incomes affect their quality of life and therefore having an impact in their houses. The purpose of this project is to elaborate a rehabilitation technical report for each house with the support of the following participants: the civil engineering group of UMa (GECUMa), Higher Education Pastoral Department of UMa (DPESUMa) and The President of the parish of Imaculado Coração de Maria. To this end, in the first instance, a bibliographic research was done for information about the subject, namely aspects to consider when it is intended to rehabilitate a building and their influence in its performance as well as some analysis methodologies of disclosed deficiencies. Using the methodologies researched, intervention/register files were created in order to simplify the survey and the characterization of the pathologies observed in the place and being used as an indispensable tool during the supervision of the houses. After the supervision of the residential buildings where it was necessary to perform measurements and its photography sketch for further elaboration of the base plans of each house, we proceed to the analysis of the building degradation, characterizing the pathologies found. Then we determine the intervention priorities where rehabilitation solutions are suggested based on the map of quantities elaborated for this term, together with the budgets presented by the selected suppliers. On this basis, it was necessary to proceed to a budget analysis, based on the best proposals in terms of economic advantages for further suggestion of a possible planning of the tasks to be performed for the rehabilitation. At last, the conclusions will be presented as well as possible suggestions for future works

Indicadores de competitividad departamental en Uruguay

Si bien “competitividad” es un término aún controversial, ampliamente debatido y definido de diversas maneras, ha ido adquiriendo cada vez más importancia a lo largo de los años. Los aspectos que la componen y sus determinantes se han vuelto cada vez más “refinados empíricamente y complejos teóricamente” (Huggins et al., 2013). En particular, la competitividad subnacional, es decir la competitividad de las regiones al interior de un país, ha ido adquiriendo relevancia a nivel global tanto en el debate académico, como en las prioridades de las políticas públicas y de las estrategias empresariales. Uruguay no escapa a dichas tendencias, por lo que la Academia Nacional de Economía, el Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo y el Instituto de Competitividad de la Universidad Católica del Uruguay, entendieron importante analizar el desarrollo competitivo de las diferentes regiones (departamentos) mediante la construcción de un conjunto de indicadores del potencial competitivo para cada una de ellas. Dicha información busca aportar una visión más clara de las dinámicas económicas, productivas, sociales e institucionales y de la situación competitiva de cada departamento para un período de varios años

Los impactos del COVID-19 en el comportamiento de los consumidores en Uruguay

La especial situación de pandemia global durante 2020, provocada por la rápida expansión del COVID-19, ha generado numerosos efectos a distintos niveles, impactando fuertemente en los sistemas económicos, tanto desde la oferta como desde la demanda. Esta investigación puso el foco en el efecto que esta coyuntura ha tenido en la demanda y el consumo, especialmente de bienes durables, entre los meses de marzo a agosto de 2020 en Uruguay. A través del análisis de la evolución del Índice de Confianza del Consumidor, y los tres subíndices que lo conforman, el presente estudio pudo comprobar que el shock COVID tuvo importantes efectos en la conformación de los hábitos de consumo de la población uruguaya

Implementación de huertas escolares a través de la recuperación de saberes ancestrales del cuidado de la tierra y sostén alimentario intercultural en la Institución Educativa Distrital Alberto Lleras Camargo IED

Implementar las huertas escolares en las instituciones educativas, bajo la recuperación de los saberes ancestrales, pretende reconocer las prácticas usadas por nuestros antepasados como punto de partida para abordar las experiencias que aplican las comunidades escolares, como prácticas personales y familiares, pero en esta oportunidad se pretendió tratar el tema rescatando los saberes ancestrales del cuidado de la tierra y sostén alimentario intercultural, procesos que fortalecen las relaciones con nuestros antepasados en las comunidades educativas beneficiarias. Se realiza un trabajo transversal, integrando varias disciplinas del conocimiento, como la “recuperación de los saberes ancestrales del cuidado de la tierra y sostén alimentario intercultural”, para ir en busca de los conocimientos y prácticas agrícolas aplicadas en las comunidades de los antepasados e implementarlas a la escuela con los educandos logrando fortalecer los hábitos agrícolas en los estudiantes y siendo transmisores de dichos saberes a sus familias y comunidades, contribuyendo a lograr una soberanía popular alimentaria, donde se apropien de los procesos de producción, distribución y consumo, logrando un desarrollo sostenible, mínimamente en la comunidad y entorno escolar de los educandos, donde son ellos mismos quienes disfrutaran al salir de los muros de cemento al aula ambiental “Huerta escolar” donde el contacto con la tierra física libera estados emocionales, afectivos, buscando centrar y ahondar en la curiosidad y exploración de las ciencias vivas.Implementing school gardens in educational institutions, under the recovery of ancestral knowledge, aims to recognize the practices used by our ancestors as a starting point to address the experiences applied by school communities, such as personal and family practices, but this time it was intended to address the issue by rescuing the ancestral knowledge of land care and intercultural food support, processes that strengthen relations with our ancestors in the beneficiary educational communities. A transversal work is carried out, integrating several disciplines of knowledge, such as the "recovery of ancestral knowledge of the care of the land and intercultural food support", to go in search of the knowledge and agricultural practices applied in the communities of the ancestors and implement them to the school with the students managing to strengthen the agricultural habits in the students and being transmitters of said knowledge to their families and communities, contributing to achieve a popular food sovereignty, where they appropriate the processes of production, distribution and consumption, achieving sustainable development, minimally in the community and school environment of the students, where they are the ones who will enjoy leaving the cement walls to the environmental classroom "School garden" where contact with the physical land releases emotional states, affective, seeking to focus and deepen the curiosity and exploration of the living sciences

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

Correction to: Two years later: Is the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still having an impact on emergency surgery? An international cross-sectional survey among WSES members

Background: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is still ongoing and a major challenge for health care services worldwide. In the first WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey, a strong negative impact on emergency surgery (ES) had been described already early in the pandemic situation. However, the knowledge is limited about current effects of the pandemic on patient flow through emergency rooms, daily routine and decision making in ES as well as their changes over time during the last two pandemic years. This second WSES COVID-19 emergency surgery survey investigates the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on ES during the course of the pandemic. Methods: A web survey had been distributed to medical specialists in ES during a four-week period from January 2022, investigating the impact of the pandemic on patients and septic diseases both requiring ES, structural problems due to the pandemic and time-to-intervention in ES routine. Results: 367 collaborators from 59 countries responded to the survey. The majority indicated that the pandemic still significantly impacts on treatment and outcome of surgical emergency patients (83.1% and 78.5%, respectively). As reasons, the collaborators reported decreased case load in ES (44.7%), but patients presenting with more prolonged and severe diseases, especially concerning perforated appendicitis (62.1%) and diverticulitis (57.5%). Otherwise, approximately 50% of the participants still observe a delay in time-to-intervention in ES compared with the situation before the pandemic. Relevant causes leading to enlarged time-to-intervention in ES during the pandemic are persistent problems with in-hospital logistics, lacks in medical staff as well as operating room and intensive care capacities during the pandemic. This leads not only to the need for triage or transferring of ES patients to other hospitals, reported by 64.0% and 48.8% of the collaborators, respectively, but also to paradigm shifts in treatment modalities to non-operative approaches reported by 67.3% of the participants, especially in uncomplicated appendicitis, cholecystitis and multiple-recurrent diverticulitis. Conclusions: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still significantly impacts on care and outcome of patients in ES. Well-known problems with in-hospital logistics are not sufficiently resolved by now; however, medical staff shortages and reduced capacities have been dramatically aggravated over last two pandemic years

Ahora / Ara

La cinquena edició del microrelatari per l’eradicació de la violència contra les dones de l’Institut Universitari d’Estudis Feministes i de Gènere «Purificación Escribano» de la Universitat Jaume I vol ser una declaració d’esperança. Aquest és el moment en el qual les dones (i els homes) hem de fer un pas endavant i eliminar la violència sistèmica contra les dones. Ara és el moment de denunciar el masclisme i els micromasclismes començant a construir una societat més igualitària. Cadascun dels relats del llibre és una denúncia i una declaració que ens encamina cap a un món millor

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Estudo exploratório da insatisfação corporal e do comportamento alimentar perturbado, em função do género : o papel do peso, da vergonha e da aceitação da imagem corporal

Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Clínica (Intervenções Cognitivo-Comportamentais nas Perturbações Psicológicas e de Saúde) apresentada à Faculdade de Psicologia e Ciências da Educação da Universidade de Coimbra.A insatisfação com a imagem corporal e os comportamentos de dieta são agentes de risco significativos para o desenvolvimento de perturbações alimentares em ambos os géneros, mas com uma maior predominância na população feminina. Por conseguinte, compreender os preditores que levam à formação de uma imagem corporal negativa e que, por sua vez, motiva o sujeito para a procura do ideal de beleza, é um foco importante de investigação. Neste sentido, no nosso estudo quisemos verificar se realmente há uma maior propensão no género feminino para a apresentação de um comportamento alimentar perturbado. Procurámos, também, analisar as contribuições da vergonha externa e interna, do índice de massa corporal, da discrepância do IMC, e da aceitação em relação à imagem corporal, para explicar a insatisfação corporal e a procura da magreza, por género. A amostra foi constituída por 184 sujeitos do sexo masculino, e 299 do sexo feminino. De facto, verificamos que o género feminino apresentou mais insatisfação corporal e mais procura da magreza em comparação com o masculino. Os melhores preditores de insatisfação corporal foram a vergonha externa e a aceitação da imagem corporal, para o género masculino e para o género feminino, respectivamente. Quanto à explicação da procura da magreza, o preditor mais significativo na amostra masculina foi a discrepância do IMC, e novamente no género feminino a medida de flexibilidade psicológica em relação à imagem corporal. A investigação tem sugerido que crenças associadas ao comportamento alimentar e a falta de aceitação em relação à imagem corporal estão associadas a uma reduzida flexibilidade psicológica, que, por seu turno, está vinculada ao evitamento experiencial. Por fim, o nosso estudo pretendeu também demonstrar o papel da aceitação da imagem corporal na relação entre variáveis associadas ao IMC e à sintomatologia alimentar. Verificou-se que a aceitação psicológica em relação à imagem corporal medeia parcialmente a relação entre IMC e insatisfação corporal, no género feminino, e medeia parcialmente as relações, entre discrepância do IMC e insatisfação corporal, e entre discrepância do IMC e procura da magreza, em ambos os sexos. Os resultados mostram que na presença de sintomatologia alimentar, a existência de um mecanismo de regulação emocional funcional parece ser um processo importante para levar a cabo na conceptualização e no tratamento de casos, e sugere ainda que as terapias tais como a ACT, que se concentram no desenvolvimento de flexibilidade psicológica, podem ser benéficas no tratamento das perturbações alimentares.Dissatisfaction with body image and diet behaviours are significant risk factors for developing eating disturbances in both genders, even though that development is more predominant within the female gender. Consequently, understanding the predictors that contribute to originate a negative body image, and in turn motivate the individual to seek the beauty ideal, is an important focus of investigation. Accordingly, this study looked to confirm if indeed the female gender is more prone to present disturbed eating behaviour. The aim was also to analyse the contribution of external and internal shame, body mass index, discrepancy of BMI, and body image acceptance, in order to explain the body image dissatisfaction and the drive for thinness, according to gender. The sample was formed by 184 males and 299 females. The results showed that the females had greater body image dissatisfaction and a bigger drive for thinness than the males. The best predictors of body image dissatisfaction were external shame and body image acceptance for the male gender and the female gender, respectively. Regarding the explanation of the drive for thinness, the most significant predictor in the male sample was the discrepancy of the BMI, and again in the female sample it was the measure of psychological flexibility in relation to body image. Studies have suggested that beliefs associated with eating disorders and with lack of body image acceptance are associated with reduced psychological flexibility, which in turn is linked to experiential avoidance. Lastly, this study also intended to demonstrate the role of body image acceptance in relation between variables associated with BMI and eating behaviours. It was verified that psychological acceptance in relation to body image partially mediates the relationship between BMI and body image dissatisfaction for the female group, and partially mediates the relationships, between discrepancy of BMI and body image dissatisfaction, and between discrepancy of BMI and drive for thinness, in both genders. The results show that in presence of eating symptomatology, a functional mechanism of emotional regulation seems be an important process to carry out when conceptualising and treating cases, and further suggest that therapies such as ACT, which focus on psychological flexibility, can help to treat eating disorders