Estimacion de una banda de precios para el arroz en Chile: periodo de estudio 1990-1997

194 p.En Chile la agricultura tradicional contribuyo con un 6,7% al Producto Interno Bruto (PII3) nacional en 1996. Considerando la variabilidad de los precios agrícolas, en los últimos anos se ha seguido una política de estabilización de los precios domésticos de ciertos productos agrícolas básicos mediante el mecanismo de bandas de precios. En esta investigación se estudia la factibilidad de haber implementado un sistema de banda de precios para el arroz, analizando cual hubiera sido la intervención estatal, en términos de sobretasas o rebajas arancelarias, de haberse optado por este mecanismo de estabilización de precios durante el periodo 1990-1997. Se utilizo corno mercado de referencia el de Tailandia, considerando una serie de precios reales mensuales para el periodo 1985-1997. La serie de precios calculada y ordenada permitió eliminar hasta el 25% de los valores mas bajos, de modo que los valores inmediatamente siguientes constituyeron la base para calcular el costo de importación maximo (techo) y mínimo (piso), respectivamente. La principal conclusión es que hubiera sido necesaria la intervención estatal en cerca de un 50% de los meses durante el periodo de estudio. Sin embargo, debido a los problemas de agregación sobre precios y productos. en esta conclusión no se distingue entre arroz grano largo y corto

Current impact of COVID-19 on mental health and wellbeing: young adults' perspective

I&DICA IPL/2021/Vaccin2you_CE EsTESLThe European Commission referred to the COVID generation and highlighted an increase of 25% in the number of mental illness problems in adolescents and young people, related to COVID-19 and associated lockdown measures. A critical review of longitudinal studies about the impact of COVID-19 on youth mental health points out the increase in: externalized disorders; suicide ideation and attempts; frequency and problematic use of substances in some higher-risk youth; disordered eating symptomatology. Aims of the study: to understand how young adults perceive short and long-term consequences (positive and negative) of the pandemic on their mental health and psychological well-being; to relate the individual characteristics relevant to psychological adaptation to the pandemic with positive and negative perceptions of pandemic consequences.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Comportamentos adotados pelos estudantes do ensino superior face à CoVID-19

In response to the pandemic of COVID-19, higher education institutions have adopted a set of measures to ensure safe face-to-face teaching and control of potential outbreaks. However, the effectiveness of the measures implemented is dependent on student behaviors. Additionally, the way students behave outside the educational institution is also relevant to the control of the pandemic. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the behaviors adopted by higher education students during the pandemic period in two higher education institutions. Materials and methods: 425 higher education students participated in this study. An online questionnaire was applied in two higher education institutions to characterize the behaviors adopted by students inside and outside the educational institution. Results: The behaviors reported as less frequent inside the higher education institution were disinfection of hands and equipment used and social distancing from colleagues. Regarding behaviors adopted outside the institution, it was found that students tended not to avoid socializing with colleagues and family members. Application: These results contribute to the knowledge about the students' behaviors towards the COVID-19 pandemic, contributing to more effective control programs and measures.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Fault detection in floating wind turbines by means of neural networks using FAST

[Resumen] Uno de los principales problemas de la energía eólica es el de la continuidad en la producción, exacerbado en el caso de la tecnología flotante dada la complejidad añadida de las circunstancias ambientales. Dada la variabilidad intrínseca del viento, que conlleva la producción irregular de energía, es de especial importancia detectar y minimizar tanto la frecuencia como la gravedad de fallos o averías en las máquinas. En el presente trabajo se ha estudiado una turbina de referencia flotante en alta mar de 5 MW y se han simulado fallas de diversos elementos estructurales mediante el software OpenFAST del NREL, mediante una técnica de acople de simulaciones. Después, se ha entrenado una red neuronal empleando MATLAB con el objetivo de identificar aquellos sensores más adecuados para detectar estas anomalías, así como su respuesta característica que permita hacer un diagnóstico rápido y fiable del fallo.[Abstract] One of the main problems of wind energy is that of production continuity, exacerbated in the case of floating devides due to the added complexity of the environmental loads. Given the intrinsic variability of wind, which leads to irregularities in energy production, it is of particular importance to detect and minimize both the frequency and severity of machine failures or malfunctions. In this work, a 5 MW offshore floating reference turbine has been studied; and failures of various structural elements have been simulated using NREL’s OpenFAST software, using simulation coupling techniques. Then, a neural network has been trained using MATLAB, with the aim of identifying the most suitable sensors to detect these anomalies, as well as their characteristic response that allows a fast and reliable diagnosis of the failure.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación; PID2021-123543OB-C2

Alterações na adesão a Dieta Mediterrânica antes e depois do Confinamento por Covid 19

Apresentação em painelIntrodução - A Dieta Mediterrânica (DM) é considerada como um dos padrõesalimentares mais saudáveis e sustentáveis. A pandemia Covid-19 parece ter influenciado o comportamento alimentar em diversos países no sentido de um maior consumo de frutos e vegetais, assim como para uma maior disposição para cozinhar em casa. Objetivo -Pretendeu-se estudar o efeito do confinamento devido à pandemia Covid-19 na adesão à Dieta Mediterrânea e as alterações no consumo de alimentos característicos deste padrãoalimentar numa população portuguesa. Métodos - Os dados foram recolhidos online, pormeio de um inquérito de frequênciaalimentar antes do primeiro confinamento (PreC) eapós o último confinamento (PosC) devido à pandemia Covid-19. Foram elegíveis para análise participantes adultos, de nacionalidade portuguesa e residentes em Portugal (N PreC=500; N PosC=375). A adesão à DM foi calculada por meio do índice MEDAS (Mediterranean Diet Adhrence Screener). Resultados - Observou-se uma maior adesão à DM no período PosC, em relação ao período PreC (MEDAS PreC = 6,2±1,5 e MEDAS PosC=7,8 ±1.9; p<0,001). Dentro dos alimentos característicos da DM, observou-se um aumento significativo na frequência de consumo de vegetais (p=0,009), frutos frescos (p=0,011) e peixe (p=0,015). Foi também observada uma diminuição no consumo de bebidas açucaradas (p<0,001). Conclusão - Os resultados reforçam o efeito positivo da pandemia Covid-19 em hábitos alimentares saudáveis, com um aumento da adesão àDieta Mediterrânica.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ANÁLISIS DE LA GESTIÓN ADMINISTRATIVA EN EL CONTROL PRESUPUESTARIO DEL SISTEMA EDUCATIVO DE ECUADOR: EL CASO DE ESTUDIO DE LA DIRECCIÓN DISTRITAL 13D08 PICHINCHA

The objective of this research work was to evaluate the incidence of administrative management in the budgetary control of District Directorate 13D08 Pichincha - Education. To this end, different research methods and techniques were used, based on a bibliometric analysis of the subject in Ecuador to highlight the main factors of administrative management that affect budget control that have been determined by previous investigations; In addition, surveys and interviews were applied, as well as documentary review and financial analysis. The results obtained allowed highlighting the fundamental problems of budgetary control in the district directorate object of study and the fundamental factors of the administrative management that have been on this influence. The conclusions of the work offer considerations that may be generic for decision making and corrective measures in order to increase the efficiency of public spending in the education sector of Ecuador.&nbsp; El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la incidencia de la gestión administrativa en el control presupuestario de la Dirección Distrital 13D08 Pichincha – Educación. Para ello se utilizaron diferentes métodos y técnicas de investigación, partiendo de un análisis bibliométrico del tema en Ecuador para destacar los factores principales de la gestión administrativa que inciden sobre el control presupuestario que han sido determinados por investigaciones antecedentes; se aplicaron además encuestas y entrevistas, así como la revisión documental y el análisis financiero. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron destacar los problemas fundamentales del control presupuestario en la dirección distrital objeto de estudio y los factores fundamentales de la gestión administrativa que han estado sobre este influyen. Las conclusiones del trabajo ofrecen consideraciones que pueden resultar genéricas para la toma de decisiones y medidas correctivas en función de elevar la eficacia del gasto público en el sector educativo de Ecuador

Fatores que influenciam os comportamentos dos estudantes do ensino superior face à COVID-19

Em resposta à pandemia de COVID-19, as instituições do ensino superior adotaram um conjunto de medidas para garantir um ensino presencial seguro, prevenindo potenciais surtos. Contudo, a efetividade das medidas implementadas está dependente da adoção dos comportamentos preventivos pelos estudantes. Também é importante considerar que os estudantes do ensino superior são em geral jovens, muitas vezes deslocados, em coabitação e com uma procura constante de socialização, o que torna os seus comportamentos fora da instituição também de particular relevância para o controlo da pandemia.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PERFIL DOS CASOS DE CÂNCER DE MAMA ENTRE ACOMETIDOS NO ACRE PERÍODO DE 2015 A 2019

Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o perfil dos casos de câncer de mama no estado do Acre no período de 2015 a 2019. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo com delineamento transversal. A amostra foi constituída por todos os casos de câncer de mama registrados no Acre e inseridos no Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) no período de 2015 a 2019. Foram identificados no período 293 casos da doença, com maior número de casos registrados no ano de 2019 (25,0%), sendo a maioria do sexo feminino (98,0%), na faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos (29,0%). O tempo decorrido desde o diagnóstico até o início do tratamento foi de mais de 60 dias (51,0%). A modalidade terapêutica mais utilizada foi a quimioterapia (55,0%). O local da realização do tratamento ocorreu capital do estado Rio Branco (80,0%). A maior parte dos acometidos, ainda encontra-se em tratamento (56,0%), no entanto (44,0%) evoluiu para óbito. O aumento da doença com o passar dos anos é notável no Acre. É importante destacar que ações voltadas para a prevenção e controle do câncer de mama continuam sendo fundamentais para auxiliar na diminuição do número de casos, como o rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce

Assessing the carcinogenic potential of low-dose exposures to chemical mixtures in the environment: the challenge ahead.

Lifestyle factors are responsible for a considerable portion of cancer incidence worldwide, but credible estimates from the World Health Organization and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) suggest that the fraction of cancers attributable to toxic environmental exposures is between 7% and 19%. To explore the hypothesis that low-dose exposures to mixtures of chemicals in the environment may be combining to contribute to environmental carcinogenesis, we reviewed 11 hallmark phenotypes of cancer, multiple priority target sites for disruption in each area and prototypical chemical disruptors for all targets, this included dose-response characterizations, evidence of low-dose effects and cross-hallmark effects for all targets and chemicals. In total, 85 examples of chemicals were reviewed for actions on key pathways/mechanisms related to carcinogenesis. Only 15% (13/85) were found to have evidence of a dose-response threshold, whereas 59% (50/85) exerted low-dose effects. No dose-response information was found for the remaining 26% (22/85). Our analysis suggests that the cumulative effects of individual (non-carcinogenic) chemicals acting on different pathways, and a variety of related systems, organs, tissues and cells could plausibly conspire to produce carcinogenic synergies. Additional basic research on carcinogenesis and research focused on low-dose effects of chemical mixtures needs to be rigorously pursued before the merits of this hypothesis can be further advanced. However, the structure of the World Health Organization International Programme on Chemical Safety 'Mode of Action' framework should be revisited as it has inherent weaknesses that are not fully aligned with our current understanding of cancer biology

Measuring universal health coverage based on an index of effective coverage of health services in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Achieving universal health coverage (UHC) involves all people receiving the health services they need, of high quality, without experiencing financial hardship. Making progress towards UHC is a policy priority for both countries and global institutions, as highlighted by the agenda of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and WHO's Thirteenth General Programme of Work (GPW13). Measuring effective coverage at the health-system level is important for understanding whether health services are aligned with countries' health profiles and are of sufficient quality to produce health gains for populations of all ages. Methods Based on the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we assessed UHC effective coverage for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. Drawing from a measurement framework developed through WHO's GPW13 consultation, we mapped 23 effective coverage indicators to a matrix representing health service types (eg, promotion, prevention, and treatment) and five population-age groups spanning from reproductive and newborn to older adults (≥65 years). Effective coverage indicators were based on intervention coverage or outcome-based measures such as mortality-to-incidence ratios to approximate access to quality care; outcome-based measures were transformed to values on a scale of 0–100 based on the 2·5th and 97·5th percentile of location-year values. We constructed the UHC effective coverage index by weighting each effective coverage indicator relative to its associated potential health gains, as measured by disability-adjusted life-years for each location-year and population-age group. For three tests of validity (content, known-groups, and convergent), UHC effective coverage index performance was generally better than that of other UHC service coverage indices from WHO (ie, the current metric for SDG indicator 3.8.1 on UHC service coverage), the World Bank, and GBD 2017. We quantified frontiers of UHC effective coverage performance on the basis of pooled health spending per capita, representing UHC effective coverage index levels achieved in 2019 relative to country-level government health spending, prepaid private expenditures, and development assistance for health. To assess current trajectories towards the GPW13 UHC billion target—1 billion more people benefiting from UHC by 2023—we estimated additional population equivalents with UHC effective coverage from 2018 to 2023. Findings Globally, performance on the UHC effective coverage index improved from 45·8 (95% uncertainty interval 44·2–47·5) in 1990 to 60·3 (58·7–61·9) in 2019, yet country-level UHC effective coverage in 2019 still spanned from 95 or higher in Japan and Iceland to lower than 25 in Somalia and the Central African Republic. Since 2010, sub-Saharan Africa showed accelerated gains on the UHC effective coverage index (at an average increase of 2·6% [1·9–3·3] per year up to 2019); by contrast, most other GBD super-regions had slowed rates of progress in 2010–2019 relative to 1990–2010. Many countries showed lagging performance on effective coverage indicators for non-communicable diseases relative to those for communicable diseases and maternal and child health, despite non-communicable diseases accounting for a greater proportion of potential health gains in 2019, suggesting that many health systems are not keeping pace with the rising non-communicable disease burden and associated population health needs. In 2019, the UHC effective coverage index was associated with pooled health spending per capita (r=0·79), although countries across the development spectrum had much lower UHC effective coverage than is potentially achievable relative to their health spending. Under maximum efficiency of translating health spending into UHC effective coverage performance, countries would need to reach $1398 pooled health spending per capita (US$ adjusted for purchasing power parity) in order to achieve 80 on the UHC effective coverage index. From 2018 to 2023, an estimated 388·9 million (358·6–421·3) more population equivalents would have UHC effective coverage, falling well short of the GPW13 target of 1 billion more people benefiting from UHC during this time. Current projections point to an estimated 3·1 billion (3·0–3·2) population equivalents still lacking UHC effective coverage in 2023, with nearly a third (968·1 million [903·5–1040·3]) residing in south Asia. Interpretation The present study demonstrates the utility of measuring effective coverage and its role in supporting improved health outcomes for all people—the ultimate goal of UHC and its achievement. Global ambitions to accelerate progress on UHC service coverage are increasingly unlikely unless concerted action on non-communicable diseases occurs and countries can better translate health spending into improved performance. Focusing on effective coverage and accounting for the world's evolving health needs lays the groundwork for better understanding how close—or how far—all populations are in benefiting from UHC