Desenvolvimento das competências sociais da criança: desobediência

Relatório de estágio apresentado para obtenção do grau de mestre na área de Educação do Pré-escolar e 1.º Ciclo do Ensino BásicoO presente relatório encontra-se inserido na unidade curricular de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada no primeiro ciclo do ensino básico – 3º e 4º anos que por sua vez se encontra integrado no Mestrado em Educação Pré-escolar e Ensino do 1º ciclo do ensino básico, da Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém e tem como vista a obtenção do grau de mestre. Este divide-se em três principais capítulos. O primeiro apresenta os diversos locais de estágio vivenciados, bem como as experiências ultrapassadas ao longo dos mesmos. A apresentação destes é fulcral no que diz respeito ao percurso percorrido para a definição do tema tratado no presente relatório. Já o segundo capítulo descreve as principais questões orientadoras, assim como a metodologia utilizada e o processo de recolha de dados. Passando pela realização de questionários a educadores e professores que demonstraram a sua opinião em relação à desobediência infantil em pré-escolar e 1.º Ciclo do Ensino Básico. Este estudo é fundamental no sentido de completar toda a fundamentação teórica apresentada no relatório demonstrando segundo os participantes as principais causas para a desobediência na escola, as situações mais frequentes da mesma e os fatores de diminuição deste comportamento. Por fim, o último capítulo expõe todas as considerações finais sobre o relatório, as implicações do estudo para a prática e os principais fatores para estudos futuros.This paper is included in the curricular unit of Supervised Teaching Practice in the first cycle of basic education - 3rd and 4th years, which is integrated into the Master's Degree in Pre-primary and Primary Education of Superior School of Education in the Polytechnic Institute of Santarém and aims to obtain a master's degree. This paper is divided into three main chapters. The first one presents the different places of internship, as well as the experiences passed through them. The presentation of these is central to the course taken to define the topic addressed in this work. The second chapter describes the main questions in this investigation, as well as the methodology used and the data gathering process. For that process educators and teachers respond to the questioner demonstrating their opinion regarding child disobedience in preschool and 1st Cycle of Basic Education. This study is fundamental in order to complete the theoretical basis presented in this work demonstrating according to the participants the main causes for disobedience in school and the most frequent situations as well as the factors in decreasing this behavior. Finally, the last chapter presents all the final considerations on the investigation, the implications of the study for practice and the main ideas for future studies.N/

Bissexualidade(s): crenças e opiniões

Este estudo tem como objetivo conhecer atitudes de indivíduos heterossexuais, homossexuais e bissexuais face à bissexualidade feminina e masculina e eventuais diferenças. Para a realização do estudo foi utilizado um Questionário Sociodemográfico e recorreu-se à construção/adaptação de um Questionário de Atitudes Face à Bissexualidade que conta com duas escalas: Escala de Atitudes Face à Bissexualidade Feminina (EAFB-Feminina) e Escala de Atitudes Face à Bissexualidade Masculina (EAFB-Masculina). O estudo contou com uma amostra de 384 estudantes da Universidade de Évora das diversas áreas de estudo. Os principais resultados da investigação apontam para que haja uma diferença de opiniões face à bissexualidade feminina e masculina. Neste sentido, a bissexualidade masculina é mais discriminada e considerada mais instável do que a bissexualidade feminina. No entanto a bissexualidade feminina é mais rejeitada enquanto identidade do que a bissexualidade masculina; Abstract: Bisexuality(ies): Beliefs and opinions . This study aims to know the attitudes of heterosexual, homosexual and bisexual individuals towards female and male bisexuality and possible differences. To carry out the study was used a sociodemographic questionnaire and there was a need to buil/adapt a Attitudes Reagarding Bisexuality Questionnaire that coutns with two scales: Attitudes Regarding Female Bisexuality Scale and Attitudes Reagarding Male Bisexuality Scale. The study had a sample of 384 students from the University of Évora from the different study areas. The main results of the research point out that there is a difference of opinion regarding female and male bisexuality. In this sense, male bisexuality is more discriminated and considered more unstable than female bisexuality. However, female bisexuality is more rejected as an identity than male bisexuali

Structural elucidation of natural 2-hydroxy di- and tricarboxilic acids and esters, phenylpropanoid esters, and flavonoids extracted from the bulbs of Autonoë madeirensis using GC-EIMS, ESIMS and MS/MS techniques

Comunicação oral sob a forma de PosterAutonoë madeirensis (Menezes) Speta is a Hyacinthaceae endemic from the Portuguese Archipelago of Madeira.1,2 Previous studies on Hyacinthaceae species have shown that they produce a large number of biologically important secondary metabolites, such as triterpenoid and steroid glycosides3, flavone and homoisoflavanone glycosides4 and polyhydroxyalkaloids.5 Included in a systematic phytochemical study of the bulbs of A. madeirensis, we report now the structural identification of three different classes of compounds, mainly by GC-EIMS, ESIMS and tandem mass spectrometry. The phytochemical study was performed using total ethanolic extracts that were fractionated by solvents of increasing polarity. The compounds identified were 2-hydroxy di- and tricarboxilic acids and esters (malic acid, ethylmethylmalate, diethylmalate, citric acid, monomethylcitrate, monoethylcitrate and triethylcitrate), hydroxycinnamic esters (methyl p-coumarate, ethyl p-coumarate, and methyl ferulate), and the three major anthocyanins (cyanidin coumaroyl glycoside, peonidin coumaroyl glycoside and delphinidin diacetyl diglycoside) and a flavone diglucoside, being the interglucosidic linkage (12), to the best of our knowledge, reported for the first time in a diglucoside of apigenin. The analytic conditions, retention times and fragmentation pattern reported now may constitute a fast tool for the systematic identification of these compounds in plant extracts. References: 1- Speta, F., 1998. Systematishe Analyse de gattung Scilla L. s.l. (Hyacinthaceae). Phyton 38(1), 87-95, 121-123. 2- Speta, F., 1998. Hyacinthaceae. In: Kubitzki, K., (Ed.). The families and genera of vascular plants. III. Flowering plants: Monocotyledons. Springer Verlag, Berlin, pp. 261-285. 3- Kopp, B., Krenn, L., Draxler, M., Hoyer, A., Terkola, R., Vallaster, P., Robien, W., 1996. Bufadienolides from Urginea maritima from Egypt. Phytochemistry 42(2), 513-522. 4- Harborne, J.B., Williams, C.A., 1994. Recent advances in the chemosystematics of the monocotyledons. Phytochemistry 37(1), 3-18. 5- Kite, G.C., Grayer, R., Rudall, P., Simmonds, M.S.J., 2000. The potential for chemical characters in monocotyledon systematics. in: Wilson, K.L., Morrison, D.A., (Eds.). Monocotyledons: systematics and evolution. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp. 101-113.This research was carried out with financial support from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT/POCTI/FEDER) and Project POCTI QUI/119/94 “Structure and Reactivity of Flavonoid Glycosides and Synthetic Analogues: A Fundamental Research by Mass Spectrometry”

Exploring the potential energy surface associated with the HBr loss from 2-bromobutane radical cations

International audienceThe loss of HBr from 2-bromobutane radical cation, 1, was investigated by means of mass spectrometry techniques. In the gas phase, the spontaneous unimolecular reaction of metastable ion 1 yields only a C4H8*+ (m/z 56) fragment and neutral HBr. In all the deuterated ions the loss of HBr is always strongly dominant, the loss of DBr remaining under 1%. Ion-molecule reactions indicate that the C4H8*+ ions correspond to a mixture in which ionized 2-butene and methylcyclopropane were detected. These results are discussed in the light of calculations carried out by using high-level density functional theory techniques. For this purpose we have located the relevant stationary points of the [H9, C4, Br]*+ potential energy surface (PES). The geometries and the vibrational frequencies were obtained at the B3LYP/6-31G* level, and for the final energies a B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,2p) approach was used. From these data, it is proposed (i) that the loss of HBr involves 1,3- and 1,4-elimination reactions and several elimination pathways involving tunneling mechanisms and (ii) that the dissociation is preceded by an extensive H-exchange whose mechanism involves the intermediacy of ionized methylcyclopropane weakly bonded to a HBr molecule