Modelling stand biomass fractions in Galician Eucalyptus globulus plantations by use of different LiDAR pulse densities

[EN] Aims of study: To evaluate the potential use of canopy height and intensity distributions, determined by airborneLiDAR, for the estimation of crown, stem and aboveground biomass fractions.To assess the effects of a reduction in LiDAR pulse densities on model precision.Area of study: The study area is located in Galicia, NW Spain. The forests are representative of Eucalyptus globulusstands in NW Spain, characterized by low-intensity silvicultural treatments and by the presence of tall shrub.Material and methods: Linear, multiplicative power and exponential models were used to establish empiricalrelationships between field measurements and LiDAR metrics.A random selection of LiDAR returns and a comparison of the prediction errors by LiDAR pulse density factorwere performed to study a possible loss of fit in these models.Main results: Models showed similar goodness-of-fit statistics to those reported in the international literature. R2ranged from 0.52 to 0.75 for stand crown biomass, from 0.64 to 0.87 for stand stem biomass, and from 0.63 to 0.86for stand aboveground biomass. The RMSE/MEAN · 100 of the set of fitted models ranged from 17.4% to 28.4%.Models precision was essentially maintained when 87.5% of the original point cloud was reduced, i.e.a reductionfrom 4 pulses m–2to 0.5 pulses m–2.Research highlights: Considering the results of this study, the low-density LiDAR data that are released by theSpanish National Geographic Institute will be an excellent source of information for reducing the cost of forestinventoriesSIGalician Government, Xunta de Galicia, DirecciónXeral de Montes(09MRU022291PR); Norvento (Mul-tinational energy company) (PGIDT09REM023E);Galician Government, Dirección Xeral de Ordenacióne Calidade do Sistema Universitario de Galicia (Con-sellería de Educación e Ordenación Universitaria)and European Social Fund (Official Journal of Galicia –DOG nº 9, p. 2246, exp. 2011/14

Aplicación da tecnoloxía LiDAR na análise do medio físico

[GA] Impártense os coñecementos básicos necesarios para o estudo do medio físico, a través do tratamento dos datos capturados polo sensor activo LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) aerotransportado, xa que este sensor permite a captura de datos xeográficos dunha forma áxil e precisa, mentres que o tratamento dos seus datos permite a xeración de modelos que describen o terreo e os obxectos situados enriba del. Así na actualidade, a tecnoloxía LiDAR revelouse como a máis efectiva para a produción de Modelos Xeográficos de alta resolución e calidade

Efecto de bloques con propionato de calcio sobre respuestas productivas en corderos y GEI in vitro

Objective. Evaluate multinutritional blocks with and without calcium propionate (Pr-Ca) in digestibility and live weight changes of lambs and in the green house emission in vitro. Materials and methods. Twelve sheep were used (20.17 ± 2.35 Katahdin x criollo) in three treatments: Basal diet (BD 70% oat straw, 30% concentrate), BD+ Block without Ca-Pr and BD+ Block with 1.5% Ca-Pr, it was evaluated for 50 days. In vitro gas production (GP) and kinetic parameters were estimated (Vmax, S, Lag) according to consumption. Digestibility, CH4 and CO2 in vitro and in vivo were estimated. Results. The dry matter intake was the lowest (p<0.0001) in lambs without block (753 g/d) compared lambs supplemented with block without (839 g) or with Ca-Pr (828 g) by including blocks increased methane (16.16 and 16.18 g/d; 0 and 1.5% Ca-Pr respectively) than with BD (13.93 g/d). The GP in vitro was higher (p=0.0001) with the BD (380.76, ml) than with blocks without differences among blocks (335.76 and 341.13 ml, 0 and 1.5% Ca-Pr respectively), and the BD had higher (p=0.0001) production of CH4 (47.16 mol) and CO2 (200.04 mol) than with blocks (42.25 and 41.58 mol CH4; 179.21 and 176.39 mol CO2; 0 and 1.5% Ca-Pr respectively). Conclusions. Block supplementation improved dry matter intake. Blocks reduced in vitro gas production and increased digestibilityby reducing CH4 and CO2.Objetivo. Evaluar dos bloques multinutricionales formulados para mejorar el crecimiento de los corderos alimentados con una dieta basal de bajo valor nutritivo, con y sin propionato de calcio (Pr-Ca), evaluando el crecimiento de los corderos, digestibilidad y las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero in vivo e in vitro. Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron doce borregos (20.17 ± 2.35 Katahdin x criollo) en tres tratamientos: Dieta basal (DB 70% paja de avena; 30% concentrado), DB+ Bloque sin Pr-Ca y DB + Bloque con 1.5% de Pr-Ca, por 50 días. Se midió producción de gas (PG) in vitro y se estimaron los parámetros de cinética (Vmax, S, Lag). Se estimaron la digestibilidad, CH4 y CO2 in vitro e in vivo. Resultados. El consumo fue menor (P<0.0001) en borregos sin bloque (753 g/d) en comparación con bloque sin (839 g) o con Pr-Ca (828 g) emisiones de metano mayor con bloques (16.16 y 16.18 g/d; 0 y 1.5% Pr-Ca respectivamente) que con DB (13.93 g/d). La PG in vitro fue mayor (P=0.0001) con la DB (380.76 ml) sin diferencias entre bloques (335.76 y 341.13 ml, 0 y 1.5% Pr-Ca respectivamente), y la DB tuvo mayor (P=0.0001) producción de CH4 (47.16 mol) y CO2 (200.04 mol) que con bloques (42.25 y 41.58 mol CH4; 179.21 y 176.39 moles CO2; 0 y 1.5% Ca-Pr respectivamente). Conclusiones. La suplementación con bloques mejora el consumo. In vitro los bloques redujeron la producción de gas e incrementaron la digestibilidad reduciendo CH4 y CO2

Effects of platelet-rich fibrin produced by three centrifugation protocols on bone neoformation in defects created in rat calvaria.

This study evaluated the potential of Leukocyte-platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF; fixed angle centrifugation protocol), Advanced-platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF; low-speed fixed angle centrifugation protocol), and Horizontal-platelet-rich fibrin (H-PRF; horizontal centrifugation protocol) in bone neoformation in critical size defects (CSDs) in rat calvaria. Thirty-two rats were divided into groups: Control (C), L-PRF, A-PRF, and H-PRF. 5 mm diameter CSDs were created in the animals' calvaria. Defects from group Control (C) were filled with blood clots, while defects from groups L-PRF, A-PRF, and H-PRF were filled with respective platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) membranes. L-PRF, A-PRF, and H-PRF were prepared from animal blood collection and specific centrifugation protocols. At 14 and 30 days, calcein (CA) and alizarin (AL) injections were performed, respectively. Animals were euthanized at 35 days. Microtomographic, laser confocal microscopy, and histomorphometric analyzes were performed. Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA, Tukey, p < .05). L-PRF, A-PRF, and H-PRF groups showed higher values of bone volume (BV), newly formed bone area (NFBA), and precipitation of CA and AL than the C group (p < .05). The H-PRF group showed higher values of BV, number of trabeculae (Tb. N), NFBA, and higher precipitation of AL than the A-PRF and L-PRF groups (p < .05). Therefore, it can be concluded that: i) L-PRF, A-PRF, and H-PRF potentiate bone neoformation in CSDs in rat calvaria; ii) H-PRF demonstrated more biological potential for bone healing

TIPOS DE EXPLANTES E CONCENTRAÇÃO DE BAP (6-BENZILAMINOPURINA) NO ESTABELECIMENTO IN VITRO DE ANGICO-VERMELHO

O angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan - Fabaceae) é uma espécie da caatinga, com ampla utilização na medicina popular, melífera, na obtenção de taninos e recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tipo de explante e de diferentes concentrações de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) no estabelecimento in vitro do angico-vermelho. Segmentos cotiledonares e nodais foram colocados em meio Murashige e Skoog (MS) suplementado com diferentes concentrações de BAP. No experimento foi utilizado o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC) em esquema fatorial 2x4 (dois tipos de explantes e quatro concentrações de BAP) com duas repetições e dez unidades experimentais por repetição. Avaliou-se o número de explantes responsivos, número de brotações por explante, número de gemas por explantes, além do total de explantes que apresentaram calos, oxidação e contaminação. O maior número de brotos por explante foi observado no tratamento utilizando o segmento cotiledonar tratado com 2 mg L-1 de BAP. Houve uma tendência crescente de aumento do número de gemas por explante até a concentração de 1 mg L-1 de BAP para o segmento cotiledonar. No segmento nodal, o número de gemas cresceu de acordo com o aumento da concentração de BAP. O uso de BAP aumentou a quantidade de brotações por explante regenerado

TIPOS DE EXPLANTES E CONCENTRAÇÃO DE BAP (6-BENZILAMINOPURINA) NO ESTABELECIMENTO IN VITRO DE ANGICO-VERMELHO

O angico-vermelho (Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan - Fabaceae) é uma espécie da caatinga, com ampla utilização na medicina popular, melífera, na obtenção de taninos e recuperação de áreas degradadas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do tipo de explante e de diferentes concentrações de BAP (6-benzilaminopurina) no estabelecimento in vitro do angico-vermelho. Segmentos cotiledonares e nodais foram colocados em meio Murashige e Skoog (MS) suplementado com diferentes concentrações de BAP. No experimento foi utilizado o Delineamento Inteiramente Casualizado (DIC) em esquema fatorial 2x4 (dois tipos de explantes e quatro concentrações de BAP) com duas repetições e dez unidades experimentais por repetição. Avaliou-se o número de explantes responsivos, número de brotações por explante, número de gemas por explantes, além do total de explantes que apresentaram calos, oxidação e contaminação. O maior número de brotos por explante foi observado no tratamento utilizando o segmento cotiledonar tratado com 2 mg L-1 de BAP. Houve uma tendência crescente de aumento do número de gemas por explante até a concentração de 1 mg L-1 de BAP para o segmento cotiledonar. No segmento nodal, o número de gemas cresceu de acordo com o aumento da concentração de BAP. O uso de BAP aumentou a quantidade de brotações por explante regenerado

O USO DE ELETROCONVULSOTERAPIA NO TRATAMENTO DA DEPRESSÃO: UMA REVISÃO ABRANGENTE

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been recognized as an effective yet often underutilized treatment option for treatment-resistant depression. This article provides a detailed review of current literature on the use of ECT in depression, addressing its efficacy, mechanisms of action, clinical indications, and safety considerations. Additionally, it discusses future perspectives and the potential role of ECT as an integral component of the therapeutic arsenal for severe and refractory depression. One of the primary obstacles is the social stigma and perceived fear by patients and their families regarding ECT. Despite its efficacy, misconceptions and prejudices about its use persist, often fueled by negative portrayals in the media and popular culture. As a result, many patients may resist receiving ECT treatment, even when other therapeutic options have failed. In addition to stigma, the limited availability of ECT services in many regions of the world represents another significant challenge. ECT is an intervention that requires specialized facilities, specific equipment, and a trained team to administer the procedure safely. Unfortunately, many mental health institutions do not offer ECT services due to resource constraints, lack of adequate training, or administrative concerns.A eletroconvulsoterapia (ECT) tem sido uma opção de tratamento eficaz e muitas vezes subutilizada para a depressão resistente ao tratamento. Este artigo oferece uma revisão detalhada da literatura atual sobre o uso da ECT na depressão, abordando sua eficácia, mecanismos de ação, indicações clínicas e considerações de segurança. Além disso, discute as perspectivas futuras e o papel potencial da ECT como parte integrante do arsenal terapêutico para a depressão grave e refratária. &nbsp; Um dos principais obstáculos é o estigma social e o medo percebido pelos pacientes e suas famílias em relação à ECT. Apesar de sua eficácia, persistem equívocos e preconceitos sobre seu uso, muitas vezes alimentados por representações negativas na mídia e na cultura popular. Como resultado, muitos pacientes podem resistir a receber tratamento com ECT, mesmo quando outras opções terapêuticas falharam. Além do estigma, a disponibilidade limitada de serviços de ECT em muitas regiões do mundo representa outro desafio significativo. A ECT é uma intervenção que requer instalações especializadas, equipamentos específicos e uma equipe treinada para administrar o procedimento com segurança. Infelizmente, muitas instituições de saúde mental não oferecem serviços de ECT devido a restrições de recursos, falta de treinamento adequado ou preocupações administrativas

<i>Gaia</i> Data Release 1. Summary of the astrometric, photometric, and survey properties

Context. At about 1000 days after the launch of Gaia we present the first Gaia data release, Gaia DR1, consisting of astrometry and photometry for over 1 billion sources brighter than magnitude 20.7. Aims. A summary of Gaia DR1 is presented along with illustrations of the scientific quality of the data, followed by a discussion of the limitations due to the preliminary nature of this release. Methods. The raw data collected by Gaia during the first 14 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into an astrometric and photometric catalogue. Results. Gaia DR1 consists of three components: a primary astrometric data set which contains the positions, parallaxes, and mean proper motions for about 2 million of the brightest stars in common with the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues – a realisation of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) – and a secondary astrometric data set containing the positions for an additional 1.1 billion sources. The second component is the photometric data set, consisting of mean G-band magnitudes for all sources. The G-band light curves and the characteristics of ∼3000 Cepheid and RR-Lyrae stars, observed at high cadence around the south ecliptic pole, form the third component. For the primary astrometric data set the typical uncertainty is about 0.3 mas for the positions and parallaxes, and about 1 mas yr−1 for the proper motions. A systematic component of ∼0.3 mas should be added to the parallax uncertainties. For the subset of ∼94 000 HIPPARCOS stars in the primary data set, the proper motions are much more precise at about 0.06 mas yr−1. For the secondary astrometric data set, the typical uncertainty of the positions is ∼10 mas. The median uncertainties on the mean G-band magnitudes range from the mmag level to ∼0.03 mag over the magnitude range 5 to 20.7. Conclusions. Gaia DR1 is an important milestone ahead of the next Gaia data release, which will feature five-parameter astrometry for all sources. Extensive validation shows that Gaia DR1 represents a major advance in the mapping of the heavens and the availability of basic stellar data that underpin observational astrophysics. Nevertheless, the very preliminary nature of this first Gaia data release does lead to a number of important limitations to the data quality which should be carefully considered before drawing conclusions from the data

Mesenchymal stromal cells’ therapy for polyglutamine disorders: where do we stand and where should we go?

Polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of the cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat. This mutation encodes extended glutamine (Q) tract in the disease protein, resulting in the alteration of its conformation/physiological role and in the formation of toxic fragments/aggregates of the protein. This group of heterogeneous disorders shares common molecular mechanisms, which opens the possibility to develop a pan therapeutic approach. Vast efforts have been made to develop strategies to alleviate disease symptoms. Nonetheless, there is still no therapy that can cure or effectively delay disease progression of any of these disorders. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are promising tools for the treatment of polyQ disorders, promoting protection, tissue regeneration, and/or modulation of the immune system in animal models. Accordingly, data collected from clinical trials have so far demonstrated that transplantation of MSC is safe and delays the progression of some polyQ disorders for some time. However, to achieve sustained phenotypic amelioration in clinics, several treatments may be necessary. Therefore, efforts to develop new strategies to improve MSC's therapeutic outcomes have been emerging. In this review article, we discuss the current treatments and strategies used to reduce polyQ symptoms and major pre-clinical and clinical achievements obtained with MSC transplantation as well as remaining flaws that need to be overcome. The requirement to cross the blood-brain-barrier (BBB), together with a short rate of cell engraftment in the lesioned area and low survival of MSC in a pathophysiological context upon transplantation may contribute to the transient therapeutic effects. We also review methods like pre-conditioning or genetic engineering of MSC that can be used to increase MSC survival in vivo, cellular-free approaches-i.e., MSC-conditioned medium (CM) or MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) as a way of possibly replacing the use of MSC and methods required to standardize the potential of MSC/MSC-derived products. These are fundamental questions that need to be addressed to obtain maximum MSC performance in polyQ diseases and therefore increase clinical benefits.Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology: SFRH/BD/148877/2019; CENTRO01-0145-FEDER-000008 CENTRO-01-0145FEDER-022095 POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016719 POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029716 POCI01-0145-FEDER-016807 POCI-01-0145-FEDER016390 UID4950/2020 CENTRO-01-0145-FEDER-022118info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio