Potential cellular and biochemical mechanisms of exercise and physical activity on the ageing process

Exercise in young adults has been consistently shown to improve various aspects of physiological and psychological health but we are now realising the potential benefits of exercise with advancing age. Specifically, exercise improves cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and metabolic health through reductions in oxidative stress, chronic low-grade inflammation and modulating cellular processes within a variety of tissues. In this this chapter we will discuss the effects of acute and chronic exercise on these processes and conditions in an ageing population, and how physical activity affects our vasculature, skeletal muscle function, our immune system, and cardiometabolic risk in older adults

Robust H-infinity controller synthesis using multi-objectives differential evolution algorithm (MODE) for two-mass-spring system

One of the major problems associated with H-infinity controller design is the challenges of weighting function parameters’ tuning. For a given control problem, it is requires to select appropriate weighting function parameters to satisfy both the stability requirement and time domain specifications. The conflicting nature of these objectives has made such design exercise a tedious endeavor. In this study, the optimal-tuning of the Hinfinity controller parameters using multi-objective differential evolution (MODE) technique is proposed, and apply for control of a two-mass-spring system which represents a typical benchmark robust control problem. The performance of the resulting robust controller is evaluated both on the nominal plant and perturbed plants with parameter variation. The simulation results indicate a good compromise between the robustness and time domain performance