Crimes against property & ownership

The most primeval crimes in all countries are crimes against property such as: Burglary, Larceny, Arson, Embezzlement, False pretenses, Extortion, forgery, fraud, robbery, and etc these crimes engender when ownership existed. Lord can do any possession in his/her property .If anyone trespasses to another one ownership prevailing law punishment him/her. Also we define these crimes in Islamic criminal law; because Islamic rules are strange and prober must study very hard to understand the principle of Islamic rules because most of them don't have reasonable source hence our definitions are so epitome because reader must study jurisprudence.

Comparative study about Crimes against the Person's

In this article I want talk about crimes against person's crimes witch cause objection of people's body and punishment by government in all societies. Now I trying to have a comparative research of most important crimes in this category in some countries and especially in Islamic criminal law based on Iran Islamic criminal law. Crimes describe in this article are: assault _ battery _ robbery _ kidnapping _ rape _ mayhem _ manslaughter – murder I must say must describe about Islamic criminal law will statement in separate articles.

Sparse Representation for Paddy Plants Nutrient Deficiency Tracking System

Moving object detection and tracking from consecutive frames of sensing devices (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles-UAV) needs efficient sampling from mass data with sufficient memory saving. Objects with super pixels are tracked by Compressive Sensing (CS) and the generative structural part model is designed to be adaptive to variation of deformable objects. CS can precisely reconstruct sparse signal with a small amount of sampling data. This system creates the sparse representation (SR) dictionary representing the nutrient deficiency tracking system for paddy plants to support the healthily growth of the whole field. This system uses compressed domain features that can be exploited to map the semantic features of consecutive frames. As the CS is a developing signal processing technique, a sparse signal is reconstructed with efficient sampling rate and creates the sparse dictionary. The SR for paddy plant health system can build rich information about paddy plants from signaling devices and can alert the deficiency conditions accurately in real time

Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine – a health priority

Pneumonia is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity. Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most important bacterial pathogen causing pneumonia in children. The HIV epidemic has increased the burden and severity of childhood pneumococcal pneumonia and invasive disease fortyfold. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is a highly effective intervention to reduce invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia. Studies evaluating a 9-valent PCV in South Africa and The Gambia reported a 72 - 77% reduction in vaccineserotype- specific invasive disease in vaccinated children. As many of the pneumococcal serotypes associated with antibiotic resistance are included in PCV, vaccination has also been associated with a reduction in antimicrobial-resistant invasive disease. PCV may also reduce childhood mortality, especially in places with limited access to health care, as shown in Gambian study in which PCV reduced childhood mortality by 16%. In addition to the direct effects of PCV, there is a substantial reduction in disease burden through indirect protection of non-vaccinated populations. PCV is immunogenic in HIV-infected children and provides protection against invasive disease or pneumonia in a substantial number of children. Although the efficacy of PCV for prevention of invasive disease or pneumonia is lower in HIV-infected compared to -uninfected children, the overall burden of disease prevented is much greater in HIV-infected children because of the higher burden of pneumococcal disease in these children. Consequently, vaccine-preventable invasive disease is almost 60 times higher in HIV-infected compared to -uninfected children, while the reduction in pneumonia in HIV-infected children is 15 times greater. However, the long-term efficacy of PCV wanes in HIVinfected children who are not taking antiretroviral therapy, and booster doses are probably indicated. Although there is concern about the potential for replacement disease due to non-vaccine serotypes, a substantial and sustained reduction in invasive disease has occurred overall in populations with widespread childhood immunisation. Routine childhood immunisation is now the standard of care in most developed countries. However, PCV is much less accessible to children in developing countries due to cost and availability. Cost-effectiveness analysis indicates that use of PCV is potentially highly cost-effective, at tiered pricing, even in very low-income countries. Widespread availability and vaccination with PCV is urgently needed for all children under 2 years of age in South Africa. In addition, the use of PCV for all HIV-infected children under 9 years should be prioritised.South African Medical Journal Vol. 98 (6) 2008 pp. 463-46

Osteoprotective effect of phytoestrogens against bisphenol a-induced bone loss / Sahema @ Zar Chi Thent

Phytoestrogens act as agonists in bone formation and differentiation which not only improves the osteoblast formation, but also affects the bone metabolism, in general. Strong bones depend on the ability of osteoblasts to mineralize the newly formed tissue and osteoclasts in removing damaged and dysfunctional bone tissue. Loss of mineralization leads to a weak bone structure and increase fracture risk. Bisphenol A (BPA), a known xenoestrogen, disturbs the osteoblast proliferation, differentiation and mineralization via changes in receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression and associated with binding to the non-classical oestrogen related receptor gamma (ERRG). However, the effect of phytoestrogens against the deteriorative effect of BPA related to the bone health is not yet addressed, to date. The present study was aimed to investigate the potential protective effects of soy phytoestrogens on BPA-exposed osteoblast-like cells, hFOB 1.19 cells. Following 24h of incubation with 12.5 ug/mL of BPA, the cells were treated with daidzein (Dz), genistein (Gt) and equol (Eq) at different concentrations for 24h. The important bone biomarkers; RANKL, OPG and low-density lipoprotein receptor-5 (LRP-5) along with inflammatory biomarkers and transcription factors were analysed. Cell mineralization capacity of phytoestrogens was investigated by evaluating calcium, phosphate contents and alkaline phosphatase activity. Bone related markers; osteocalcin and osteonectin, responsible in maintaining mineralization were also measured. Cells incubated with BPA 12.5 [ig/mL alone showed a decrease in bone formation and bone mineralization. Following treatment with phytoestrogens, there was increased cell viability in BPA induced hFOB 1.19 cells. The suppression of RANKL and expression of OPG and LRP-5 levels in phytoestrogens-treated cells were observed. There was a decrease in IL-6 and TNF-a; increase in osterix (Osx) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) expression following phytoestrogens treatment. The enhanced mineralization efficacy of Dz and Gt (particularly at a dose of 5 and 40 (j,g/mL, respectively) was evidenced by increasing calcium and phosphate content with higher ALP activity, compared to the untreated BPA group. Osteocalcin and osteonectin levels were increased. It was observed that the protein expression of ERRG was high in the untreated groups whereas ER alpha (ERa) and beta (ERP) were relatively increased with phytoestrogens treatment under BPA exposure. There was upregulation of MAPK3 and GPR30 expressions which are responsible for osteoblast differentiation. The present findings indicate that phytoestrogens directly improve the osteoblast formation via RANKL/OPG pathway and revert the demineralization process in hFOB 1.19 cells by significantly downregulating the ERRG and upregulating the ERa and ERP receptors under BPA exposure. The synergistic effects are observed in ESR1 and ESR2 activations. Treatment with phytoestrogens (specifically, low dose of Dz and high dose of Gt) significantly revert the deteriorative effect of BPA on hFOB 1.19 cells

A Control Method to Reduce Interferences and Collisions between Multiple RFID Tags and RFID Readers

Radio frequency identification technology (RFID) is one of the fastest developing technologies today. Although it has significant performance in use of Auto-ID applications, the presence of multiple tags in a RFID system can lead to interferences between each tags which is called Collision. There are many method to overcome this issue and this project introduces the use of DS-CDMA technique to overcome this issue. The Simulink simulation environment is used to simulate the use of DS-CDMA in RFID system. The results obtained clearly show the concept of this method is leading to a solution for RFID collision issues. However, the further improvement in simulations and concept of the method is most recommended in future project work