8,737 research outputs found
Extension of positivity bounds to non-local theories: IR obstructions to Lorentz invariant UV completions
We derive positivity bounds on low energy effective field theories which
admit gapped, analytic, unitary, Lorentz invariant, and possibly non-local UV
completions, by considering 2 to 2 scatterings of Jaffe fields whose
Lehmann-K\"{a}ll\'{e}n spectral density can grow exponentially. Several
properties of S-matrix, such as analyticity properties, are assumed in our
derivation. Interestingly, we find that some of the positivity bounds obtained
in the literature, such as sub-leading order forward-limit bounds, must be
satisfied even when UV completions fall into non-localizable theories in
Jaffe's language, unless momentum space Wightman functions grow too rapidly at
high energy. Under this restriction on the growth rate, such bounds may provide
IR obstructions to analytic, unitary, and Lorentz invariant UV completions.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure. v3: matches published versio
Amending the Resource-based view of Strategic Management from an Entrepreneurial Perspective
The purpose of this paper is to amend the resource-based view of strategic management from an entrepreneurial point of view. We firstly attempt to make a brief survey of the conceptual framework of the RBV by contrasting it with the competitive forces approach (CFA) presented by Porter (1980). Secondly, we clarify the objectives of corporate strategy through a critical assessment of the RBV from both a static and a dynamic point of view. Finally, we suggest a new perspective of the RBV by amending it from an entrepreneurial viewpoint, and then take some examples to illustrate the new perspective for further empirical studies.resource-based view, entrepreneurship, disequilibrium
Classes of low-frequency earthquakes based on inter-time distribution reveal a precursor event for the 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake
Recently, slow earthquakes (slow EQ) have received much attention relative to
understanding the mechanisms underlying large earthquakes and to detecting
their precursors. Low-frequency earthquakes (LFE) are a specific type of slow
EQ. In the present paper, we reveal the relevance of LFEs to the 2011 Great
Tohoku Earthquake (Tohoku-oki EQ) by means of cluster analysis. We classified
LFEs in northern Japan in a data-driven manner, based on inter-time, the time
interval between neighboring LFEs occurring within 10 km. We found that there
are four classes of LFE that are characterized by median inter-times of 24
seconds, 27 minutes, 2.0 days, and 35 days, respectively. Remarkably, in
examining the relevance of these classes to the Tohoku-oki EQ, we found that
activity in the shortest inter-time class (median 23 seconds) diminished
significantly at least three months before the Tohoku-oki EQ, and became
completely quiescent 30 days before the event (p-value = 0.00014). Further
statistical analysis implies that this class, together with a similar class of
volcanic tremor, may have served as a precursor of the Tohoku-oki EQ. We
discuss a generative model for these classes of LFE, in which the shortest
inter-time class is characterized by a generalized gamma distribution with the
product of shape parameters 1.54 in the domain of inter-time close to zero. We
give a possible geodetic interpretation for the relevance of LFE to the
Tohoku-oki EQ
Ethanol enhances neurosteroidogenesis in hippocampal pyramidal neurons by paradoxical NMDA receptor activation
Using an antibody against 5α-reduced neurosteroids, predominantly allopregnanolone, we found that immunostaining in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices was confined to pyramidal neurons. This neurosteroid staining was increased following 15 min administration of 60 mm but not 20 mm ethanol, and the enhancement was blocked by finasteride and dutasteride, selective inhibitors of 5α-reductase, a key enzyme required for allopregnanolone synthesis. Consistent with a prior report indicating that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDAR) activation can promote steroid production, we observed that D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate (APV), a competitive NMDAR antagonist, blocked the effects of 60 mm ethanol on staining. We previously reported that 60 mm ethanol inhibits the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP), a cellular model for memory formation, in the CA1 region. In the present study, LTP inhibition by 60 mm ethanol was also overcome by both the 5α-reductase inhibitors and by APV. Furthermore, the effects of ethanol on neurosteroid production and LTP were mimicked by a low concentration of NMDA (1 μm), and the ability of NMDA to inhibit LTP and to enhance neurosteroid staining was reversed by finasteride and dutasteride, as well as by APV. These results indicate that ethanol paradoxically enhances GABAergic neurosteroid production by activation of unblocked NMDARs and that acute LTP inhibition by ethanol represents a form of NMDAR-mediated metaplasticity
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