Form Over Substance: How Tort Reform Policy Prevailed Over Constitutional Protection

Tort reform has become a prominent and contested issue as legislatures around the country are seeking to reconsider and rewrite the rules of civil tort litigation. Missouri, like many other states, focuses its effort on legislative remedy limitations in the form of statutory caps on noneconomic damages—attractive targets for nationwide reform efforts. There is uncertainty as to whether, and to what extent, this reform measure implicates the constitutional right to trial by jury. The Missouri Supreme Court addressed this issue in Ordinola v. University Physician Associates, and it affirmed the statutory caps on noneconomic damages imposed by the Missouri General Assembly in medical malpractice actions

The Psychology of Persuasive Preaching with Special Reference to the Campus Ministry

Hence the Christian preacher will seek to direct his Message to the ear of his audience in the clearest and most Powerful manner possible. He must be like a window through which the light of\u27 God’s Word shines to the hearer. This implies that the preacher must understand the defects of public speech which cause a man to seem unpersuasive, self-conscious, or distasteful to an audience. It means that will have to cultivate harmonious cooperation between his Own mind and emotions, speech organs and body, to the end that become a good channel for the Word of God toward people. And it is to that end that this study is made to help the preacher understand the obstacles to effective communication, and to suggest guidelines that will be of help in persuasive preaching

A 200 GHz tripler using single barrier varactor

The GaAs Schottky varactor diode is the nonlinear device most commonly used for submillimeter wave harmonic generation. Output power adequate to serve as a local oscillator source for SIS tunnel junctions has been demonstrated with whisker-contacted GaAs Schottky varactor multipliers in waveguide mounts up to about 800 GHz. In this paper, we present results for a tripler to 200 GHz using a new multiplier device, the single barrier varactor (SBV). This new varactor has a potential advantages such as stronger nonlinearities or special symmetry, which make it attractive for submillimeter wave frequency multiplication. The performance of a tripler using a SBV over a output frequency range from 186 to 207 GHz has been measured in a crossed waveguide mount. The theoretical performance of the device has been calculated using large signal analysis. A comparison of theoretical and measured results and a discussion of various losses in the mount and the varactor have also been presented

Social and Religious Attitudes Among Lutheran Students

College students have probably been \u27investigated \u27 more than any other single category of people. They have certainly been the subject of many articles and essays in recent years. However, much of what has been written has either been without empirical basis altogether, or else the empirical research has focused on only a small minority of the campus population. Leo Cherne, executive director of the Research Institute of America

The impact of historical post-excavation modifications on the re-examination of human mummies

Many museums and institutions have collections that include human mummies. Although some of the mummies may have been analyzed prior to or since acquisition, many have never been scientifically studied or have not been re-examined in decades. The rapid development of technology for the analysis of ancient human remains affords researchers the opportunity to gather new data about mummies that were discovered and examined decades, or even centuries, ago. The implementation of technology for the analysis of human mummies has become routine and provides substantial new information about the individuals being studied. During the re-analysis of a mummy, early post-excavation modifications, often previously unknown to current museum curators and staff, are identified and will, in some circumstances, affect the analysis and accurate interpretation of data. There are also ethical and professional guidelines that should be applied to the use of technology for the study of human remains, including mummies. Museums make the protection of all human remains a priority and any plans for research using human mummies must be carefully considered and planned. New data from any research based on mummies in museums can be, and should be, applied to both academic analysis and interpretation and public presentation. This paper reviews some of the effects of past post-excavation efforts on the re-analysis and interpretation of three Iron Age bog mummies from northern Germany and a child mummy from South America, and highlights issues for museums who are considering undertaking or permitting analysis of mummies in collections

Herbig-Haro flows in B335

We have observed optical (Halpha and [SII]) and near-IR (S(1) line of H2) deep fields and taken optical spectra using the 2.56m NOT, as well as a near-UV deep field (U band) using the 3.58m NTT. In addition we present new SPITZER (IRAC and MIPS) mid-IR observations. We use previous Halpha and S(1) observations taken 15 and 9 years earlier to make proper motion maps. We then investigate the shock physics by matching our spectra with planar shock models. We discover six new HH objects in B335. From proper motions we find an optically bright, roughly E-W oriented group with high space velocities (200-280 km/s) and a near-IR bright, slower group (15-75 km/s) moving to the ESE. We also find a system of at least 15 H2 knots in the western lobe. This (WNW) counterflow suggests the possibility of a binary outflow source, giving rise to two outflow axes with slightly different orientations. We find that the E-W flow is symmetrical with evidence for two outbursts. We make the first detection of [OI] 6300/63 in HH119 B and Hbeta in HH119 A and B and find their extinctions to be AV~1.4 and 4.4, respectively. HH119 A is found to expand much faster than expected from linear expansion with distance from the outflow source. Using planar shock models we find shock velocities of ~60 km/s (A) and ~35 km/s (B and C). This agrees with A being of higher excitation than B and C. In our U image we detect three of the HH objects and propose that the emission arise from the [OII] 3728 line and the blue continuum. New SPITZER observations show most of the HH objects at 4.5 micron and a E-W elongated hour-glass shaped structure at the outflow source. Even at 24 micron it is not clear whether most of the light is direct or reflected.Comment: 23 pages, 15 figures, accepted in A&

Planar varactor frequency multiplier devices with blocking barrier

The invention relates to planar varactor frequency multiplier devices with a heterojunction blocking barrier for near millimeter wave radiation of moderate power from a fundamental input wave. The space charge limitation of the submillimeter frequency multiplier devices of the BIN(sup +) type is overcome by a diode structure comprising an n(sup +) doped layer of semiconductor material functioning as a low resistance back contact, a layer of semiconductor material with n-type doping functioning as a drift region grown on the back contact layer, a delta doping sheet forming a positive charge at the interface of the drift region layer with a barrier layer, and a surface metal contact. The layers thus formed on an n(sup +) doped layer may be divided into two isolated back-to-back BNN(sup +) diodes by separately depositing two surface metal contacts. By repeating the sequence of the drift region layer and the barrier layer with the delta doping sheet at the interfaces between the drift and barrier layers, a plurality of stacked diodes is formed. The novelty of the invention resides in providing n-type semiconductor material for the drift region in a GaAs/AlGaAs structure, and in stacking a plurality of such BNN(sup +) diodes stacked for greater output power with and connected back-to-back with the n(sup +) GaAs layer as an internal back contact and separate metal contact over an AlGaAs barrier layer on top of each stack

Stratospheric sounding by infrared heterodyne spectroscopy

Intensity profiles of infrared spectral lines of stratospheric constituents can be fully resolved with a heterodyne spectrometer of sufficiently high resolution. The constituents' vertical distributions can then be evaluated accurately by analytic inversion of the measured line profiles. Estimates of the detection sensitivity of a heterodyne receiver are given in terms of minimum detectable volume mixing ratios of stratospheric constituents, indicating a large number of minor constituents which can be studied. Stratospheric spectral line shapes, and the resolution required to measure them are discussed in light of calculated synthetic line profiles for some stratospheric molecules in a model atmosphere. The inversion technique for evaluation of gas concentration profiles is briefly described and applications to synthetic lines of O3, CO2, CH4 and N2O are given