DISTANCE LEARNING USING SOCIAL MEDIA IN NURSING EDUCATION PROCESS

Introduction:The free trade era open new challenges and opportunities in teaching and learning process. Information and communication technology has been predicted to become facilitator of successful achievement in the process to face trading system which related with high competency and standard. Students has tendency to use social media to learn subject related with their inquisitive. One of it is LINE©.The purpose of this study is to test students respond of online learning media using LINE© in teaching-learning process to prepare student facing the new economical era. Method: 19 participants from Diploma of nursing program, STIKES SuakaInsan Banjarmasin had been collected to participate in the program using social media as a media of learning. ASSURE model titled “Communication between health professional in the context of patient safety” had been developed as the concrete guidance to guide student and also coordinator in the learning activities for 10 days of learning using LINE©. Result: Students of nursing participate in the online course using LINE© with different responses. They confidently ask the question related to the topics which coordinators had been posted. But, students admitted that they still prefer to choose face to face learning. The long waiting time is one of the disadvantage on using this media. Conclusion: LINE© can be used as one of the media of learning in the distance learning concept and process. But, it stills need high commitment from both students and teachers to continue the process until the end and get the result from the study. Key words: Distance learning, communication, educatio

Impact of gastrointestinal digestion on the biological activities of new functional cereal-based granules based on by-products from the food industry

In recent years, the lifestyle and eating habits of the worldwide population have changed, encouraged by finding healthier and more nutritious food habits. In the last years, consumers have been searching for products with high protein content. Additionally, the consumption of cereals products has been expanding, due to the practicality1. In parallel, food industries generate a high amount of by-products, and although these by-products present a rich nutritional composition, most of these by-products are often undervalued and used as animal feed. In this context, the development of functional granules using by-products from the food industry is an opportunity to contribute to the food products diversification and to consumer health and well-being and to valorize the by-products, promoting the circular economy. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the biological activities impacted by the gastrointestinal digestion (GID) of four new functional cereal-based granules, based on the valorisation of acorn and by-products such as wheat bran, wheat germ and okara. Granules were produced by cold extrusion and their formulation were presented in Figure 1. The GID was performed according to the standardized InfoGest protocol (Brodkorb et al., 2019)2. All granules were characterized regarding their nutritional composition. In addition, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity (ABTS and ORAC assays), proteins profile and oligosaccharides were evaluated in each stage of GID (mouth, stomach, intestinal phase), using FPLC and HPLC methods, respectively. All formulations presented the requirements to attain the claim source or rich in protein (19.6 to 29.6%) and rich in fibre (≥6 g of fibre/100 g). During the GID the release of bioactive compounds was observed, and the in vitro antioxidant activity increased in the intestinal stage. Comparing the formulations, it was possible to observe that the F2 (formulation with acorn and okara) presented the highest ORAC values (11041.73 ± 384.98 µM of Trolox) after GID. Although F1 showed the highest polyphenols concentration (0.86 ± 0.02 mg of Gallic acid/ mL of sample) at the end of GID they all presented similar values. Concerning protein profile, all formulations showed after GID the release of peptides with low MW (< 3 KDa). Relatively to the soluble carbohydrates after GID all granules released oligosaccharides with low MW (< 5 KDa). In conclusion, the results indicated that GID improved the antioxidant activity in the functional granules probably due to the release of polyphenols bond to the fiber, thus suggesting health-protecting effects. Furthermore, these by-products can be valorized as potential ingredients for human consumption, reducing the waste in the food chain and satisfying a market niche based on functional and sustainable products.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Liquefied Wood as Inexpensive Precursor-Feedstock for Bio-Mediated Incorporation of (R)-3-Hydroxyvalerate into Polyhydroxyalkanoates

Liquefied wood (LW) prepared in a microwave process was applied as a novel; inexpensive precursor feedstock for incorporation of (R)-3-hydroxyvalerate (3HV) into polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biopolyesters in order to improve the biopolyester's material quality; Cupriavidus necator was applied as microbial production strain. For proof of concept, pre-experiments were carried out on a shake flask scale using different mixtures of glucose and LW as carbon source. The results indicate that LW definitely acts as a 3HV precursor, but, at the same time, displays toxic effects on C. necator at concentrations exceeding 10 g/L. Based on these findings, PHA biosynthesis under controlled conditions was performed using a fed-batch feeding regime on a bioreactor scale. As major outcome, a poly(3HB-co-0.8%-3HV) copolyester was obtained displaying a desired high molar mass of M-w = 5.39 x 10(5) g/mol at low molar-mass dispersity (D-M of 1.53), a degree of crystallinity (X-c) of 62.1%, and melting temperature T-m (176.3 degrees C) slightly lower than values reported for poly([R]-3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) homopolyester produced by C. necator; thus, the produced biopolyester is expected to be more suitable for polymer processing purposes.Postprint (published version

Premolis semirufa (Walker, 1856) Envenomation, Disease Affecting Rubber Tappers of the Amazon: Searching for Caterpillar-Bristles Toxic Components

Pararama, the popular name of the larval form of the moth Premolis semirufa inhabits rubber plantations in the Amazon region and the accidental contact of the skin with the caterpillar's bristles or cocoons results in immediate and intense heat, pain, edema, and itching. In many cases a chronic inflammatory reaction with immobilization of the joints occurs. The current study has evaluated the biological and immunochemical characteristics of the Pararama caterpillar bristles extract. Electrophoretic analysis showed the presence of several components, including a very intense 82 kDa band. This latter component was endowed with intense gelatinolytic activity, as observed in zymography assays. Further analysis revealed that the extract also contained hyaluronidase activity but is devoid of phospholipase A2 activity. In vivo assays, using mice, showed that the extract was not lethal, but caused significant edema and induced intense infiltration of inflammatory cells to the envenomation site. The extract also induced high specific antibody titers, but no autoantibodies were detected. The data obtained, so far, demonstrate the existence of a mixture of different enzymes in the bristles of Premolis semirufa caterpillar, which can act together in the generation and development of the clinical manifestations of the Pararama envenomation

Wild edible plants: Nutritional and toxicological characteristics, retrieval strategies and importance for today's society

Wild edible plants (WEPs) are part of the cultural and genetic heritage of different regions of the world. In times of famine and scarcity, these sources of nutrients and health-promoting compounds have received high importance mainly in rural and suburban areas. Although currently underutilized, WEPs are still consumed traditionally by different communities and are gaining relevance in today's society. However, these foods lack recognition as significant contributors to the human diet in developed areas. This review describes the nutritional value of WEPs from the North-eastern region of Portugal and points out those containing potentially toxic compounds. Several retrieval strategies are presented with the aim of promoting the (re)use, production, commercialization and conservation of WEPs (wild harvested plants and crop wild relatives), and their importance for social, economic and agro-ecological development is highlighted.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology of Portugal and FEDER, under Programme PT2020, for financial support to CIMO (UID/AGR/00690/2013). J. Pinela thanks FCT for his grant (SFRH/BD/92994/2013) funded by European Social Fund and Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science (MEC) through Programa Operacional Capital Humano (POCH).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin and empagliflozin monotherapy for treating type 2 diabetes: systematic review and economic evaluation

Background: Most people with type 2 diabetes are overweight, so initial treatment is aimed at reducing weight and increasing physical activity. Even modest weight loss can improve control of blood glucose. If drug treatment is necessary, the drug of first choice is metformin. However, some people cannot tolerate metformin, which causes diarrhoea in about 10%, and it cannot be used in people with renal impairment. This review appraises three of the newest class of drugs for monotherapy when metformin cannot be used, the sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors. Objective: To review the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of dapagliflozin (Farxiga, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Luton, UK), canagliflozin (Invokana, Janssen, High Wycombe, UK) and empagliflozin (Jardiance, Merck & Co., Darmstadt, Germany), in monotherapy in people who cannot take metformin. Sources: MEDLINE (1946 to February 2015) and EMBASE (1974 to February 2015) for randomised controlled trials lasting 24 weeks or more. For adverse events, a wider range of studies was used. Three manufacturers provided submissions. Methods: Systematic review and economic evaluation. A network meta-analysis was carried out involving the three SGLT2 inhibitors and key comparators. Critical appraisal of submissions from three manufacturers. Results: We included three trials of dapagliflozin and two each for canagliflozin and empagliflozin. The trials were of good quality. The canagliflozin and dapagliflozin trials compared them with placebo, but the two empagliflozin trials included active comparators. All three drugs were shown to be effective in improving glycaemic control, promoting weight loss and lowering blood pressure (BP). Limitations: There were no head-to-head trials of the different flozins, and no long-term data on cardiovascular outcomes in this group of patients. Most trials were against placebo. The trials were done in patient groups that were not always comparable, for example in baseline glycated haemoglobin or body mass index. Data on elderly patients were lacking. Conclusions: Dapagliflozin, canagliflozin and empagliflozin are effective in improving glycaemic control, with added benefits of some reductions in BP and weight. Adverse effects are urinary and genital tract infections in a small proportion of users. In monotherapy, the three drugs do not appear cost-effective compared with gliclazide or pioglitazone, but may be competitive against sitagliptin (Januvia, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bracknell, UK). Funding: The National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme

Genomic microbial epidemiology is needed to comprehend the global problem of antibiotic resistance and to improve pathogen diagnosis

Contamination of waste effluent from hospitals and intensive food animal production with antimicrobial residues is an immense global problem. Antimicrobial residues exert selection pressures that influence the acquisition of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes in diverse microbial populations. Despite these concerns there is only a limited understanding of how antimicrobial residues contribute to the global problem of antimicrobial resistance. Furthermore, rapid detection of emerging bacterial pathogens and strains with resistance to more than one antibiotic class remains a challenge. A comprehensive, sequence-based genomic epidemiological surveillance model that captures essential microbial metadata is needed, both to improve surveillance for antimicrobial resistance and to monitor pathogen evolution. Escherichia coli is an important pathogen causing both intestinal [intestinal pathogenic E. coli (IPEC)] and extraintestinal [extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC)] disease in humans and food animals. ExPEC are the most frequently isolated Gram negative pathogen affecting human health, linked to food production practices and are often resistant to multiple antibiotics. Cattle are a known reservoir of IPEC but they are not recognized as a source of ExPEC that impact human or animal health. In contrast, poultry are a recognized source of multiple antibiotic resistant ExPEC, while swine have received comparatively less attention in this regard. Here, we review what is known about ExPEC in swine and how pig production contributes to the problem of antibiotic resistance