Corrupción empresarial: relevancia penal de la infracción de los deberes de los administradores de sociedades regulados en nuevo código mercantil

El nuevo Código Mercantil ha definido y concretado las diferentes manifestaciones en las que se descomponen los distintos deberes de los administradores de las sociedades mercantiles, en la línea ya iniciada por la reforma de la Ley de Sociedades de Capital. Al tiempo, la legislación penal ha caminado de forma paralela, incrementándose muy notablemente en los últimos tiempos los delitos relativos al mundo de la actividad empresarial y, muy especialmente, a los delitos cometidos por administradores y directivos de empresas, precisamente, mediante la infracción de los deberes que concreta el nuevo Código Mercantil. Es por ello que el presente trabajo se ocupa de la relevancia de la infracción de dichos deberes mercantiles en el ámbito penal.Trabajo realizado en el marco del Proyecto I+D MINECO, Referencia DER 2013-46523-R

Plan de auditoría para el programa de auditoría interna al sistema de gestión de la calidad norma ISO 22000:2018 de la Panadería Damaris

Un plan de auditoría hace referencia a la descripción detallada de las actividades realizadas en las diferentes auditorías programadas por la empresa; a diferencia del programa de auditoría que es un conjunto de auditorías planeadas para un periodo de tiempo más extenso, siendo este un documento macro que puede ser aplicado a toda la empresa o todo el sistema de gestión de una línea de producción. En este documento se elaboraron diferentes planes de auditoría interna de acuerdo al programa de auditoría del sistema de gestión de calidad bajo los lineamientos de la norma ISO 22000: 2018 en la empresa Panadería Damaris, con el fin de identificar oportunidades de mejora, para que el SGI sea eficiente en la mitigación de riesgos relacionados con la inocuidad de los productos fabricados. Se logró identificar las fortalezas y aspectos por mejorar evidenciados en el desarrollo de los hallazgos, los cuales permiten ver el nivel de madurez del sistema de gestión frente a la norma, la cultura de calidad e inocuidad implementada y el nivel de compromiso del recurso humano de la Panadería Damaris.An audit plan refers to the detailed description of the activities carried out in the different audits scheduled by the company; Unlike the audit program, which is a set of audits planned for a longer period of time, this being a macro document that can be applied to the entire company or the entire management system of a production line. In this document, different internal audit plans were prepared according to the quality management system audit program under the guidelines of the ISO 22000: 2018 standard in the company Panadería Damaris, in order to identify opportunities for improvement, so that the SGI is efficient in mitigating risks related to the safety of manufactured products. It was possible to identify the strengths and aspects to improve evidenced in the development of the findings, which allow to see the level of maturity of the management system against the standard, the culture of quality and safety implemented and the level of commitment off human resource of the Panadría Damaris

Feelbear, la mascota virtual nexo entre los padres e hijos

Debido a la pandemia, la población a nivel internacional fue prácticamente aislada del exterior. Desde las escuelas, trabajos y la mayoría de los negocios tuvieron que optar por la modalidad remota. Cada grupo enfrentó sus propias dificultades para apartarse a un mundo donde depende del uso de dispositivos tecnológicos, las limitaciones y los cuidados que debían tomarse. Asimismo, enfrentaron los variados sentimientos que se producían al ver las noticias, conllevando que algunos desarrollaran estados psicológicos no muy saludables. Como hecho de mención, a muchos padres se les agregó la tarea de encargarse de la educación de los menores del hogar; tratando de dedicar horas a enseñarles y luego se quedaban sin tiempo que podría ser dedicado para la interacción y juegos. Por ello, se ha propuesto iniciar un plan de negocios; que considera todo lo anterior y desarrolla una aplicación que busca ayudar a los padres y menores, desde el apoyo en la relación familiar hasta ofrecer asesorías profesionales, denominado FEELBEAR. Se debe resaltar que la aplicación da la opción de elegir peluches virtuales personalizados con audios de los familiares, lo cual busca que el menor se sienta más a gusto con su uso. El objetivo del proyecto es que los padres interactúen más con los menores y se tenga un apoyo psicológico profesional para sobrellevar el estrés acumulado obtenido por la pandemia. En un plazo de 3 años se tiene un VAN acumulado de 664, 507 soles incluyendo la inversión realizada y los gastos necesarios para su eficiente funcionamiento.Due to the pandemic, the international population was practically isolated. From schools to jobs and most businesses had to close and opt for the remote mode. Each group faced its own difficulties by separating into a world where it depends on the use of technological devices, the limitations and the care that had to be taken. Likewise, face the various feelings that were produced when watching the news, leading to some developing unhealthy psychological states. As a fact of mention, many parents were assigned the task of taking care of the education of the minors in the home; trying to spend hours teaching them and then ran out of time that could be dedicated to interaction and games. Therefore, it has been proposed to start a business plan; that considers all the above and develops an application that seeks to help parents and children in the home, from supporting the family relationship to offering professional advice, called FEELBEAR. It should be noted that the application gives the option of choosing personalized virtual plush toys with family members' audios, which seeks to make the child feel more comfortable with their use. The objective of the project is that parents interact more with minors and have professional psychological support to cope with the accumulated stress obtained by the pandemic. In a period of 3 years, there is an accumulated NPV of 664,507 soles including the investment made and the necessary expenses for its efficient operation.Trabajo de investigació

The burden of 14 hr-HPV genotypes in women attending routine cervical cancer screening in 20 states of Mexico: a cross-sectional study

In Mexico, HPV vaccines available immunize against genotypes 16/18 and 16/18/6/11; however, there is limited surveillance about carcinogenic subtypes in different states of the country that allow evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination and cervical cancer screening programs. Here, we report the regional and age-specific prevalence of 14 hr-HPV genotypes as well as their prevalence in abnormal cytology (from ASCUS to cervical cancer) among Mexican women which were undergoing from cervical cancer screening in the Salud Digna clinics in 20 states of the country. This study includes women with social security from the majority of public health institutions (IMSS, ISSSTE, SEMAR, and PEMEX), and women without social security. For cervical cancer screening, we used the SurePath liquid-based cytology and the BD Onclarity HPV Assay. From December 1, 2016, to August 2, 2018, the hr-HPV prevalence among 60,135 women was 24.78%, the most prevalent types were HPV 16 (4.13%), HPV 31 (4.12%) and HPV 51 (3.39%), while HPV 18 (1.70%) was less prevalent among infected women. Interestingly, the genotypes not covered by current vaccines in Mexico were commonly found in precancerous lesions, evidencing their carcinogenic potential, so it is necessary to increase their surveillance and inclusion in cervical cancer screening triage.We gratefully acknowledge to Iromy Meza, Jessica Avitia, and Oswaldo Carrillo for their technical support in obtaining databases during this project. Also, we want to thanks the staff of the Salud Digna clinics and the National Reference Center of Salud Digna for their support during this work. This work was funding by Salud Digna

The Future of Child and Adolescent Clinical Psychopharmacology: A Systematic Review of Phase 2, 3, or 4 Randomized Controlled Trials of Pharmacologic Agents Without Regulatory Approval or for Unapproved Indications

The pace of development and implementation of novel medications in child and adolescent psychiatry has remained slow. We systematically searched https://clinicaltrials.gov/ and https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ (from 01/01/2010 to 08/23/2022) for phase 2 or 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of medications without regulatory approval in the US, Europe or Asia. We also included RCTs of dietary interventions/probiotics. Additionally, we searched phase 4 RCTs of agents targeting unlicensed indications for children/adolescents with mental health disorders. We retrieved 234 ongoing or completed RCTs, including 26 (11%) with positive findings on ≥1 primary outcome, 43 (19%) with negative/unavailable results on every primary outcome, and 165 (70%) without publicly available statistical results. The only two compounds with evidence of significant effects that were replicated in ≥1 additional RCT without any negative RCTs were dasotraline for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and carbetocin for hyperphagia in Prader-Willi syndrome. Among other strategies, targeting specific symptom dimensions in samples stratified based on clinical characteristics or established biomarkers may increase chances of success in future development programmes

The future of child and adolescent clinical psychopharmacology: A systematic review of phase 2, 3, or 4 randomized controlled trials of pharmacologic agents without regulatory approval or for unapproved indications

We aimed to identify promising novel medications for child and adolescent mental health problems. We systematically searched https://clinicaltrials.gov/ and https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ (from 01/01/2010–08/23/2022) for phase 2 or 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of medications without regulatory approval in the US, Europe or Asia, including also RCTs of dietary interventions/probiotics. Additionally, we searched phase 4 RCTs of agents targeting unlicensed indications for children/adolescents with mental health disorders. We retrieved 234 ongoing or completed RCTs, including 26 (11%) with positive findings on ≥ 1 primary outcome, 43 (18%) with negative/unavailable results on every primary outcome, and 165 (70%) without publicly available statistical results. The only two compounds with evidence of significant effects that were replicated in ≥ 1 additional RCT without any negative RCTs were dasotraline for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and carbetocin for hyperphagia in Prader-Willi syndrome. Among other strategies, targeting specific symptom dimensions in samples stratified based on clinical characteristics or established biomarkers may increase chances of success in future development programmes

The exposure of the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It consists of a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level and a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The "hybrid" detection mode combines the information from the two subsystems. We describe the determination of the hybrid exposure for events observed by the fluorescence telescopes in coincidence with at least one water-Cherenkov detector of the surface array. A detailed knowledge of the time dependence of the detection operations is crucial for an accurate evaluation of the exposure. We discuss the relevance of monitoring data collected during operations, such as the status of the fluorescence detector, background light and atmospheric conditions, that are used in both simulation and reconstruction.Comment: Paper accepted by Astroparticle Physic

The Fluorescence Detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Pierre Auger Observatory is a hybrid detector for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. It combines a surface array to measure secondary particles at ground level together with a fluorescence detector to measure the development of air showers in the atmosphere above the array. The fluorescence detector comprises 24 large telescopes specialized for measuring the nitrogen fluorescence caused by charged particles of cosmic ray air showers. In this paper we describe the components of the fluorescence detector including its optical system, the design of the camera, the electronics, and the systems for relative and absolute calibration. We also discuss the operation and the monitoring of the detector. Finally, we evaluate the detector performance and precision of shower reconstructions.Comment: 53 pages. Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section

Measurement of the Depth of Maximum of Extensive Air Showers above 10^18 eV

We describe the measurement of the depth of maximum, Xmax, of the longitudinal development of air showers induced by cosmic rays. Almost four thousand events above 10^18 eV observed by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory in coincidence with at least one surface detector station are selected for the analysis. The average shower maximum was found to evolve with energy at a rate of (106 +35/-21) g/cm^2/decade below 10^(18.24 +/- 0.05) eV and (24 +/- 3) g/cm^2/decade above this energy. The measured shower-to-shower fluctuations decrease from about 55 to 26 g/cm^2. The interpretation of these results in terms of the cosmic ray mass composition is briefly discussed.Comment: Accepted for publication by PR