A wireless method to obtain the impedance from scattering parameters

The coaxial wire method is a common and appreciated choice to assess the beam coupling impedance (BCI) of an accelerator element. Nevertheless, the results obtained from wire measurements could be inaccurate due to the presence of the stretched conductive. The aim of this work is to establish a solid technique to obtain the BCI from electromagnetic simulations, without modifications of the device under test. In this framework, we identified a new relation to get the resistive wall beam coupling impedance of a circular chamber directly from the scattering parameters. Furthermore, a possible generalization of the method to arbitrary cross section geometries has been studied and validated with numerical simulations

COVID-19 And Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Method: What Should We Change?

Air-dried slide preparation for fine needle aspiration cytology procedures, is currently considered unsafe because of the risk of infectious aerosols of Coronavirus 19. This study compares the safety and accuracy of two different protocols, one with and one without air-dried slides

A Genetic Animal Model of Alcoholism for Screening Medications to Treat Addiction

The purpose of this review is to present up-to-date pharmacological, genetic, and behavioral findings from the alcohol-preferring P rat and summarize similar past work. Behaviorally, the focus will be on how the P rat meets criteria put forth for a valid animal model of alcoholism with a highlight on its use as an animal model of polysubstance abuse, including alcohol, nicotine, and psychostimulants. Pharmacologically and genetically, the focus will be on the neurotransmitter and neuropeptide systems that have received the most attention: cholinergic, dopaminergic, GABAergic, glutamatergic, serotonergic, noradrenergic, corticotrophin releasing hormone, opioid, and neuropeptide Y. Herein, we sought to place the P rat's behavioral and neurochemical phenotypes, and to some extent its genotype, in the context of the clinical literature. After reviewing the findings thus far, this chapter discusses future directions for expanding the use of this genetic animal model of alcoholism to identify molecular targets for treating drug addiction in general

A Wireless Method for Beam Coupling Impedance Measurements of the LHC Goniometer

The beam coupling impedance (BCI) of an accelerator component should be ideally evaluated exciting the device with the beam itself. However, this scenario is not always attainable and alternative methods must be exploited, such as the bench measurements techniques. The stretched Wire Method (WM) is a well established technique for BCI evaluations, although nowadays its limitations are well known. In particular, the stretched wire perturbs the electromagnetic boundary conditions. Therefore, the results obtained could be inaccurate, especially below the cut-off frequency of the beam pipe in the case of cavity-like structures. To overcome these limitations, efforts are being made to investigate alternative bench measurement techniques that will not require the modification of the device under test (DUT). In this framework, a wireless method has been identified and tested for a pillbox cavity. Its potential for more complex structures, such as the LHC crystal goniometer is explored

Bead-Pull Method for transverse impedance measurements

Beam Coupling Impedance represents a serious issue in High-Energy particle accelerators. Hence there is the need to measure the impedance of a device. However, standard methods have known limitations, therefore alternative methods are considered. In this report the bead-pull method is presented to measure the longitudinal impedance and its potential regarding the transverse impedance is also explored and discussed

A Wireless Method to Obtain the Impedance From Scattering Parameters

The coaxial wire method is a common and appreciated choice to assess the beam coupling impedance of an accelerator element from scattering parameters. Nevertheless, the results obtained from wire measurements could be inaccurate due to the presence of the stretched conductive wire that artificially creates the conditions for the propagation of a Transverse ElectroMagnetic (TEM) mode. The aim of this work is to establish a solid technique to obtain the beam coupling impedance from electromagnetic simulations, without modifications of the device under test. In this framework, we identified a new relation to get the resistive wall beam coupling impedance of a circular chamber directly from the scattering parameters and demonstrated that it reduces to the exact theoretical expression. Furthermore, a possible generalization of the method to arbitrary cross section geometries has been studied and validated with numerical simulations

Studies and Mitigation of Collective Effects in FCC-ee

In order to achieve a high luminosity in the future electron-positron circular collider (FCC-ee), very intense multi-bunch colliding beams should have nanometer scale transverse beam sizes at the collision points. For this purpose the emittances of the colliding beams are chosen to be very small, comparable to those of the modern synchrotron light sources, while the stored beam currents should be close to the best values achieved in the last generation of particle factories. In order to preserve beam quality and to avoid collider performance degradation, a careful study of the collective effects and techniques for their mitigation is required. The current status of these studies is discussed in the paper

Studies and mitigation of TMCI in FCC-ee

International audiencePrevious studies have identified turbulent mode coupling instability (TMCI) as one of the most severe single-bunch instabilities in the FCC-ee collider, potentially limiting its performance. Its threshold is influenced by both transverse and longitudinal wakefields arising from vacuum chamber resistive wall effects, discontinuities, and beam-beam interactions, the latter of which can be seen as a transverse cross-wake force.In this paper, we investigate the TMCI using the most recent collider parameters and an updated impedance model. We also explore various mitigation techniques aimed at increasing the instability threshold, including positive chromaticity and a feedback system

How Radiomics Can Improve Breast Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment

Recent technological advances in the field of artificial intelligence hold promise in addressing medical challenges in breast cancer care, such as early diagnosis, cancer subtype determination and molecular profiling, prediction of lymph node metastases, and prognostication of treatment response and probability of recurrence. Radiomics is a quantitative approach to medical imaging, which aims to enhance the existing data available to clinicians by means of advanced mathematical analysis using artificial intelligence. Various published studies from different fields in imaging have highlighted the potential of radiomics to enhance clinical decision making. In this review, we describe the evolution of AI in breast imaging and its frontiers, focusing on handcrafted and deep learning radiomics. We present a typical workflow of a radiomics analysis and a practical “how-to” guide. Finally, we summarize the methodology and implementation of radiomics in breast cancer, based on the most recent scientific literature to help researchers and clinicians gain fundamental knowledge of this emerging technology. Alongside this, we discuss the current limitations of radiomics and challenges of integration into clinical practice with conceptual consistency, data curation, technical reproducibility, adequate accuracy, and clinical translation. The incorporation of radiomics with clinical, histopathological, and genomic information will enable physicians to move forward to a higher level of personalized management of patients with breast cancer