Quality assurance program guidelines for application to and use by manufacturers of rail/guideway vehicles, buses, automatic train control systems, and their major subsystems

Guidelines are presented for a quality assurance system to be implemented by the manufacturer in support of designing, developing, fabricating, assembling, inspecting, testing, handling, and delivery of equipment being procured for use in public urban mass transit systems. The guidelines apply to this equipment when being procured for: (1) use in revenue service; (2) demonstration of systems that will be revenue producing or used by the public; (3) use as a prototype for follow-on operational/revenue producing equipment procurements; and (4) qualification tests

Human monstrosities: their origin and treatment

1. Human monstrosities are of great interest to the physician, surgeon, and obstretician. || 2. Until the 19th century, malformations were attributed to the influences of wrathful gods, devils, witches, sex perversions, the moon, eclipses, comets, and "maternal impressions". || 3. Scientific teratology only commenced in the 17th century. || 4. Connections between animals of different species have been proved conclusively to be sterile. || 5. Germinal life of embryo lasts about one week. || 6. Embryonic life lasts about five weeks. || 7. Foetal life lasts for the remainder of the ante-natal period. || 8. Normal development is a form of twinning - "symmetrical division". || 9. Uniovular twins originate from one ovum, and is not a normal physiological process. || 10. Double monsters also originate from one ovum, and are due to partial fission of embryonic axis. || 11. Binovular twinning is not true twinning. || 12. The armadillo has supplied valuable data regarding early mammalian development. || 13. The corpus luteum is a guide as to the number of ova involved in a pregnancy. || 14. There is a period of quiescence of about three weeks in early development of the armadillo. This may explain its polyembryony, and may also explain uniovular twinning in man. || 15. Twinning is due to a period of quiescence as a result of an upset in the growth regulating mechanism of the ovum. || 16. In epignathus we have complete fission with partial inclusion || 17. In foetus in foetu we have complete fission with total inclusion. || 18. Malformations can be produced experimentally in some animals by: (1) violent agitation, (2) variations in physiochemical conditions, (3) variations in temperature, and (4) disturbance of normal respiratory interchange. || 19. The principal causes of human malformations are: (1 )amniotic bands or adhesions, (2) faulty implantation of ovum due to endometritis, (3) developmental arrest at critical stases of gastrulation, and (4) heredity. || 20. There is a growth regulating mechanism in the ovum. || 21. This mechanism is controlled by two ovular secretions: "inhibitin" which inhibits growth, and "stimulin" which stimulates growth. || 22. Normal tissues contain a similar mechanism with similar secretions. || 23. In ante-natal life, inco-ordination between these two factors leads to mal- developments and. monsters, || 24. In post -natal life such into -ordination results in simple or malignant growths. || 25. "Inhibitin" may prove a powerful "de- cancerising" agent || 26. "Stimulin" may prove equally useful in most clinical conditions of a non -malignant nature requiring the speeding-up of tissue repair. || 27. Surgery has a distinct field of usefulness in certain cases of double monsters namely, omphalopagus parasiticus, xiphopagus, thoracopagus and craniopagus. || 28. Heredity is a potent factor in physical and mental peculiarities in the offspring. || 29. There is a constant tendency towards recovery and return to a healthy stock. || 30. Eugenics is " the study of the agencies under social control that may improve or impair the racial qualities of future generations, either physically or mentally". || 31. Mendel's laws of heredity have been found also applicable in man as regards mental and physical characters. || 32. Several methods for checking the supply of human defectives have been proposed e.g. segregation, sterilisation, restrictive marriage, laws, etc. || 33. Eugenics is one of the world's most pressing problems

A Painting in Progress

A series of original sketches accompanied by comments from the artist. Page 43

Nuclear segregation and the delayed appearance of induced mutants in Escherichia coli

The existence of a cytologically demonstrable nucleus in the bacterial cell is no longer seriously in question. There is, however, no direct evidence that the Feulgen-positive staining bodies generally considered to represent the nuclear or chromosomic elements of the bacterium are actually carriers of genetic material. The chromosome theory of heredity has yet to be established for bacteria. Current acceptance of the bacterial nucleus as a cytological entity stems largely from the work of investigators who demonstrated bodies having typically nuclear reactions to stains and enzymes (Stille, 1937; Piekarski, 1940; Robinow, 1945; Tulasne and Vendrely, 1947, among others). Although there is no general agreement among bacterial cytologists as to the finer organization and structure of the nuclear body, and as to its pattern of division (see Delaporte, 1950; Bisset, 1950; Knaysi, 1951), the observation that serves as the starting point of this investigation is, I believe, sufficiently conservative to find general acceptance: namely, that the number of visibly distinct nuclear bodies (or chromosomes, or nuclear elements) is larger in logarithmically dividing cells of Escherichia coli than in resting cells

Witkin III

I am fortunate to have as my respondents two scholars who have made, and continue to make, important contributions to what Professor Alexander terms the “strong program” for a sociology of the aesthetic. They have responded in very different ways. Professor Atkinson has used the occasion to present a personal commentary on the sociological neglect of the aesthetic dimension and has explored the implications of recent thinking and ethnographic research that responds to that neglect by bearing upon issues that are linked to those I raise. Because Professor Atkinson’s paper does not directly address the arguments in my paper, I have been invited by the editors to reply specifically to the critical comments made by Professor Alexander in his response to my work. The space allocated to me for my reply will only permit me to focus on his central argument to the exclusion of other points he make

Effect of nucleic acid on phenomic lag in Escherichia coli

When a series of 50 tubes of broth containing 0.5% sodium ribonucleate (Schwartz) is inoculated with strain B/r of Escherichia coli, the cultures obtained after 48 hours of incubation contain, on the average, a significantly higher number of mutants resistant to bacteriophage T 1 than a similar series of cultures grown without nucleate

Effects of temperature on spontaneous and induce mutations in Escherichia coli

The frequency of spontaneous mutations in Drosophila has been shown to increase, in general, with increasing temperature, and the temperature coefficients reported range from about 2 to 5(1). These findings played an important part in the early definition of mutation as a definite molecular rearrangement(2). Very little is known of the response to post-treatment temperature of mutations induced by radiation or chemicals. Two kinds of effects could be investigated in this connection: the effect of temperature on the frequency of induced mutations, and the effect of temperature on the pattern of delayed appearance of induced mutations. In the latter category, Auerbach(3) has described an increase in the frequency of mustard-induced mosaics at low temperatures, which she ascribes to the stabilization by cold of metastable genic configurations induced by the mutagen, leading to extended delay in the shift to the stable mutant condition. Similar effects of temperature on the delayed action of mutagens in Neurospora and Aspergillis found in unpublished experiments by the authors are mentioned by McElroy and Swanson(4) in support of the concept of mutation via metastable intermediates. The hereditary change from sensitivity to resistance to bacteriophage in Escherichia coli can be followed with a degree of quantitative precision and technical ease that makes it a promising material for an investigation of temperature effects on spontaneous and induced mutation. This report is a preliminary account of such a study

The aesthetic imperative of a rational-technical machinery: a study in organizational control through the design of artifacts

The development of modern business and administrative organizations that are formally rational and technical in their structures and operations has given rise to the false conclusion that the aesthetic dimension does not figure at all in their making. The present paper argues that the opposite is the case, that the organization as a ‘rational-technical machinery’ gives rise to an aesthetic imperative characterized by those familiar elements of modernist design: the sharpness and simplicity of line, the suppression of color, the smoothness and hardness of tactile values, and the preference for planar forms. By such aesthetic means, modern organizations successfully cultivate, in their members, a presence through which the organization is made and re-made; this presence is characterized by the separation of head from body, of work life from private life, of rationality from sensuous values, of production from consumption, and of organizational function from personal expression