Study of the behavior of fire by estimating the content of environmental humidity in the "La Vallesa del Mandor" forest

[ES] Los incendios son una de las principales perturbaciones naturales que afectan al Mediterráneo y se prevé que el escenario de cambio climático aumente tanto su ocurrencia como su peligrosidad. Esto supone una situación de riesgo para los habitantes de zonas de interfaz urbano-forestal, lugares donde las edificaciones entran en contacto con el monte y, por tanto, el fuego puede propagarse con mayor facilidad a las zonas residenciales en caso de incendio. Una de las formas de reducir el riego es mediante estudios del comportamiento del fuego asociado a las condicione ambientales del monte. Este trabajo tiene como objetivo mapear el comportamiento del fuego a nivel de monte en función de la humedad de los combustibles (Mf) estimada mediante índices satelitales en el monte "La Vallesa". Este monte está configurado por un mosaico de 21 modelos de combustible. Debido a las diferencias estadísticas que presentaban los Mf medidos en campo se han realizado tres modelos de estimación del Mf: uno para pastos y matorral, otro para el combustible vivo del arbolado y otros para el combustible muerto del arbolado. En el estudio se han incluido 12 índices, los cuales han sido calculados a partir de las imágenes de Sentinel-2, siendo el índice GCI el que mejor se ajusta a la humedad del combustible. Estos modelos junto con las ecuaciones de comportamiento del fuego se han implementado en la plataforma Google Earth Engine, obteniendo parámetros como la longitud de llama a escala espacial y tempera, lo que permite estudiar su variabilidad y dinámica por zona y modelo de combustible. Se ha observado que los modelos de arbolado obtienen unas longitudes de llama mayores. Además, que todos los modelos siguen una misma dinámica en la escala temporal.[EN] Fires are one of the main natural disturbances that affect the Mediterranean and it is expected that the climate change scenario will increase both their occurrence and their danger. This represents a risk situation for the inhabitants of urban-forest interface areas, places where buildings come into contact with the forest and, therefore, the fire can spread more easily to residential areas in the event of a fire. One of the ways to reduce irrigation is through studies of fire behavior associated with the environmental conditions of the mountain. The objective of this work is to map the behavior of the fire at the mountain level as a function of the humidity of the fuels (Mf) estimated by means of satellite indices in the "La Vallesa" mountain. This mount is configured by a mosaic of 21 fuel models. Due to the statistical differences that the Mf measured in the field presented, three Mf estimation models have been carried out: one for grasses and scrub, another for the live fuel of the trees and others for the dead fuel of the trees. In the study, 12 indices have been included, which have been calculated from Sentinel-2 images, with the GCI index being the one that best adjusts to fuel moisture. These models, together with the fire behavior equations, have been implemented in the Google Earth Engine platform, obtaining parameters such as the length of the flame at a spatial and temperature scale, which allows studying its variability and dynamics by zone and fuel model. It has been observed that the woodland models obtain longer flame lengths. In addition, all the models follow the same dynamics on the time scale.Pedrajas Garcia, S. (2022). Estudio del comportamiento del fuego mediante la estimación del contenido de humedad ambiental en el monte La Vallesa del Mandor. Universitat Politècnica de València. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/188403TFG

Mejora de la infraestructura verde urbana para un conjunto de vivienda social en el distrito Quatre carreres de Valencia

[ES] La infraestructura verde es una red de espacios naturales y seminaturales que pueden ofrecer distintos servicios a la sociedad. Esto es posible si se gestiona de la manera adecuada. Su multifuncionalidad se ve reflejada en sus distintos beneficios, como pueden ser mejora de la biodiversidad, adaptación al cambio climático, regulación hidrológica y mejora de la salud y el bienestar de la sociedad. En el contexto urbano, la infraestructura verde es un elemento esencial en cualquier ciudad, vertebrando el territorio urbanizado, contribuyendo a la mejora de su calidad ambiental y la resiliencia del tejido urbano. Este trabajo de fin de grado se centra en el conjunto de vivienda social de Vicente Mortes, emplazado en el distrito de Valencia denominado ¿Quatre carreres¿. El trabajo tiene como objetivo principal mejorar la infraestructura verde de la zona, que, a su vez, conllevará mejoras de rango ambiental y social, como pueden ser una mejor adaptación al cambio climático del área de estudio, mejora de la imagen del barrio y su conexión con los alrededores. Durante el trabajo se ha realizado un análisis de la infraestructura verde, para ello, se han utilizado programas SIG. Se ha realizado una caracterización del estado actual de la zona, estudiando el medio inerte, biótico, antrópico y perceptual; posteriormente se han evaluado las funciones de la infraestructura verde existente a través de indicadores; se ha realizado el diagnóstico, y se ha comprobado la necesidad de mejora de los elementos de infraestructura verde que constituyen la zona, por ello, se han realizado propuestas relacionadas con el aumento de disponibilidad de espacios verdes, mejora de la cubierta del suelo que, a su vez, conlleve una gestión más adecuada de la escorrentía, aumento de la biodiversidad y mejora estética.[EN] Green infrastructure is a network of natural and semi-natural spaces that can offer different services to society. That is possible if managed appropriately. Its multifunctionality is reflected in the different benefits it generates, such as improving biodiversity, adapting to climate change, hydrological regulation and improving the health and wellness of society. In the urban context, green infrastructure is an essential element in any city, structuring the urbanized territory, contributing to the improvement of the environmental quality and the resistance of the urban fabric. This final degree project focuses on the Vicente Mortes social housing complex, situated in the Valencia district called ¿Quatre carreres¿. The main objective of the proyect is to improve the green infrastructures in the area, which in turn, will lead to improvements in the environmental and social range, such as better adaptation to climate change in the study area, improvement of the neighborhood¿s image and its connection with the surroundings. During the work an analysis of the green infrastructure has been carried out, for this, GIS programs have been used. A characterization of the current state of the area has been carried out, studying the inert, biotic, anthropic and perceptual environment; subsequently, the functions of the existing green infrastructure have been evaluated through indicators; The diagnosis has been made, and the need for improvement of the green infrastructure elements that constitute the area has been verified, therefore, proposals have been made related to the increased availability of green spaces, improvement of the ground cover that, in turn, it involves a more adequate management of runoff, increased biodiversity and aesthetic improvement.Pedrajas Garcia, S. (2020). Mejora de la infraestructura verde urbana para un conjunto de vivienda social en el distrito Quatre carreres de Valencia. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/150944TFG

Influencia de los estilos de vida físicamente activos y sedentarios en la percepción subjetiva de la salud y el bienestar de la juventud española

La presente comunicación se enmarca en un estudio financiado por el Consejo Superior de Deportes (CSD) (Ref. 007/UPB10/12). Uno de los objetivos específicos del estudio, en el que se basa la comunicación, es ampliar el conocimiento sobre la influencia de los estilos de vida físicamente activos y sedentarios en la percepción subjetiva de la salud y el bienestar de la juventud española

Enhancing competitive island cooperative neuro - evolution through backpropagation for pattern classification

Cooperative coevolution is a promising method for training neural networks which is also known as cooperative neuro-evolution. Cooperative neuro-evolution has been used for pattern classification, time series prediction and global optimisation problems. In the past, competitive island based cooperative coevolution has been proposed that employed different instances of problem decomposition methods for competition. Neuro-evolution has limitations in terms of training time although they are known as global search methods. Backpropagation algorithm employs gradient descent which helps in faster convergence which is needed for neuro-evolution. Backpropagation suffers from premature convergence and its combination with neuro-evolution can help eliminate the weakness of both the approaches. In this paper, we propose a competitive island cooperative neuro-evolutionary method that takes advantage of the strengths of gradient descent and neuro-evolution. We use feedforward neural networks on benchmark pattern classification problems to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm. The results show improved performance when compared to related methods

Estudio descriptivo longitudinal y de concordancia diagnóstica entre Atención Primaria y Psicología del Programa de Soporte a Atención Primaria. Abstract

Background: The objective was to describe the characteristics of a primary support program (PSP) and to analyze diagnostic concordance between primary care physicians (PCP) and psychologists over three years. Material and method: A descriptive, longitudinal prospective study over three years at five primary care centers in Barcelona. The sample was 1722 patients referred to psychology services. Descriptive statistics used to analyze sociodemographic variables and Cohen's Kappa to assess agreement. Results: The average waiting time between referral and first visit was 37.54 days. Stable over the three years were the number of highs (34%), the number of cases of not presenting to first visit (21.4%), treatment dropout (19.9%), and referrals to other services (19.5%). There was a low overall concordance between PCP and psychologist. PCP most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder. Psychologists most frequently diagnosed depression and anxiety. The highest concordance (2010:  0.343, 2011: 0.456, 2012: 0.662 Kappa Index) was observed in the diagnosis of eating behavior disorders followed by depression (2010: 0.302, 2011: 0.367, 2012: 0.362) and anxiety (2010: 0.245, 2011: 0.278, 2012: 0.296). Conclusions: PSP offers specialized brief interventions in primary care. Progressive increase of slight concordance was observed between professionals, while remaining close to the baseline percentage, indicating the need for increased opportunities for consultation.Fundamento y objetivo: Describir las características del Programa de Soporte a la Primaria (PSP) y analizar la concordancia diagnóstica entre Médicos/as de Atención Primaria (MAP) y Psicólogos/as del programa a lo largo de tres años. Material y método: Estudio descriptivoprospectivoy longitudinal realizado a tres años en 5 Áreas Básicas de Salud de la provincia de Barcelona. La muestra son 1722 pacientes derivados a psicología. Se utilizan estadísticos descriptivos para analizar las variables sociodemográficas y la kappa de Cohen para valorar la concordancia.Resultados: El tiempo de espera medio entre derivación y primera visita es 37,54 días. La media de intervenciones por paciente es 2,64 visitas. Se mantiene estable en los tres años el número de altas (34%), el número de casos no presentados a primera visita (21,4%), el de abandonos de tratamiento (19,9%), y el de derivaciones a otros servicios(19,5%). Existe una baja concordancia global entre MAP y Psicólogo/a a lo largo de los años.El diagnóstico más frecuentemente realizado por los MAP, y con tendencia creciente, es Trastorno de Ansiedad. Los psicólogos/as diagnostican con mayor frecuencia depresión y ansiedad. Se observa la mayor concordancia (Índice Kappa: 2010: 0.343, 2011:0.456, 2012: 0.662) en el diagnóstico de TCA seguido de Depresión ( 2010: 0.302, 2011: 0.367, 2012:0.362) y de Ansiedad (2010: 0.245, 2011: 0.278, 2012: 0.296). Conclusiones: El PSP ofrece intervenciones breves y especializadas desde Atención Primaria. Progresivamente se observa ligero aumento de la concordancia entre profesionales, aunque sigue siendo en porcentajebajo, lo que indicaría la necesidad de continuar aumentando espacios de interconsulta y formación

Metaheuristic design of feedforward neural networks: a review of two decades of research

Over the past two decades, the feedforward neural network (FNN) optimization has been a key interest among the researchers and practitioners of multiple disciplines. The FNN optimization is often viewed from the various perspectives: the optimization of weights, network architecture, activation nodes, learning parameters, learning environment, etc. Researchers adopted such different viewpoints mainly to improve the FNN's generalization ability. The gradient-descent algorithm such as backpropagation has been widely applied to optimize the FNNs. Its success is evident from the FNN's application to numerous real-world problems. However, due to the limitations of the gradient-based optimization methods, the metaheuristic algorithms including the evolutionary algorithms, swarm intelligence, etc., are still being widely explored by the researchers aiming to obtain generalized FNN for a given problem. This article attempts to summarize a broad spectrum of FNN optimization methodologies including conventional and metaheuristic approaches. This article also tries to connect various research directions emerged out of the FNN optimization practices, such as evolving neural network (NN), cooperative coevolution NN, complex-valued NN, deep learning, extreme learning machine, quantum NN, etc. Additionally, it provides interesting research challenges for future research to cope-up with the present information processing era

Instance selection of linear complexity for big data

Over recent decades, database sizes have grown considerably. Larger sizes present new challenges, because machine learning algorithms are not prepared to process such large volumes of information. Instance selection methods can alleviate this problem when the size of the data set is medium to large. However, even these methods face similar problems with very large-to-massive data sets. In this paper, two new algorithms with linear complexity for instance selection purposes are presented. Both algorithms use locality-sensitive hashing to find similarities between instances. While the complexity of conventional methods (usually quadratic, O(n2), or log-linear, O(nlogn)) means that they are unable to process large-sized data sets, the new proposal shows competitive results in terms of accuracy. Even more remarkably, it shortens execution time, as the proposal manages to reduce complexity and make it linear with respect to the data set size. The new proposal has been compared with some of the best known instance selection methods for testing and has also been evaluated on large data sets (up to a million instances).Supported by the Research Projects TIN 2011-24046 and TIN 2015-67534-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness

A taxonomic look at instance-based stream classifiers

Large numbers of data streams are today generated in many fields. A key challenge when learning from such streams is the problem of concept drift. Many methods, including many prototype methods, have been proposed in recent years to address this problem. This paper presents a refined taxonomy of instance selection and generation methods for the classification of data streams subject to concept drift. The taxonomy allows discrimination among a large number of methods which pre-existing taxonomies for offline instance selection methods did not distinguish. This makes possible a valuable new perspective on experimental results, and provides a framework for discussion of the concepts behind different algorithm-design approaches. We review a selection of modern algorithms for the purpose of illustrating the distinctions made by the taxonomy. We present the results of a numerical experiment which examined the performance of a number of representative methods on both synthetic and real-world data sets with and without concept drift, and discuss the implications for the directions of future research in light of the taxonomy. On the basis of the experimental results, we are able to give recommendations for the experimental evaluation of algorithms which may be proposed in the future.project RPG-2015-188 funded by The Leverhulme Trust, UK, and TIN 2015-67534-P from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 731593