Maximizing Beneficence and Autonomy: Ethical Support for the Use of Non-Pharmacological Methods for Managing Dental Anxiety

This article examines advantages associated with nonpharmacological behavioral management techniques and suggests that there are benefits to their use (such as achieving a more lasting solution to the problem of dental anxiety) that are not realized with medication-based interventions. Analyses that use Kantian and existential viewpoints for exploring the use of medication versus behavioral interventions for managing life problems yield parallel conclusions: there are advantages gained by using behavioral interventions that are not always associated with medicationbased interventions. These analyses, taken together with an understanding of the psychology of dental anxiety management, suggest that using nonpharmacological techniques for the management of dental anxiety can maximize adherence-to the ethical principles of beneficence and patient autonomy. The authors discuss the barriers that make nonpharmacological interventions for anxiety management difficult for dentists to routinely use, and suggest that additional training in these methods and increased collaboration with mental health professionals are needed for dentists

Constraints on the formation mechanism of the planetary mass companion of 2MASS 1207334-393254

In this paper we discuss the nature and the possible formation scenarios of the companion of the brown dwarf 2MASS 1207334-393254. We initially discuss the basic physical properties of this object and conclude that, although from its absolute mass ($5M_{\rm Jup}$), it is a planetary object, in terms of its mass ratio $q$ and of its separation $a$ with respect to the primary brown dwarf, it is consistent with the statistical properties of binaries with higher primary mass. We then explore the possible formation mechanism for this object. We show that the standard planet formation mechanism of core accretion is far too slow to form this object within 10 Myr, the observed age of the system. On the other hand, the alternative mechanism of gravitational instability (proposed both in the context of planet and of binary formation) may, in principle, work and form a system with the observed properties.Comment: 5 pages, MNRAS in pres

Prévenir le vol à main armée ?

Armed robbery seems to be on the decline in Montreal. But there, as everywhere, prevention is «in». Are there effective ways to prevent armed robbery? To answer this question, the study compared the various means used by a sample of 271 Montreal shop owners : 184 of them had been victims of robbery during the last two years and 87 had as yet never been robbed. There are no easy solutions apart from selling the business. It was found that almost all retailers were prevention conscious. Non-expensive equipment is used in most stores by victims as well as non-victims. Costly means, such as alarms or cameras, are not very common but their preventive effect, if any, could not be other than indirect. Cautious behavior, available to all, seems more effective. Non-victims had adopted slightly more preventive habits than former victims, such as frequent and irregular bank deposits, and/or enhancing the shop's visibility, etc. But so many more factors contribute to crime, several of which are beyond the control of the victim. Prevention also has negative side-effects. Is it worth it

Teaching Culturally Sensitive Care to Dental Students: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Dental schools must prepare future dentists to deliver culturally sensitive care to diverse patient populations, but there is little agreement on how best to teach these skills to students. This article examines this question by exploring the historical and theoretical foundations of this area of education in dentistry, analyzes what is needed for students to learn to provide culturally sensitive care in a dental setting, and identifies the discipline-specific skills students must master to develop this competence. The problems associated with single-discipline, lecture-based approaches to teaching culturally sensitive care are outlined, and the advantages of an interdisciplinary, patient-centered, skills-based approach to teaching culturally sensitive care are described. The authors advocate for an approach to teaching culturally sensitive care that builds upon learning in the behavioral sciences, ethics, and public health. Component skills and perspectives offered by each of these curriculum areas are identified, and their contributions to the teaching of culturally sensitive care are described. Finally, the need to consider the timing of this instruction in the dental curriculum is examined, along with instructional advantages associated with an approach that is shared by faculty across the curriculum

El capital social como enfoque teórico en Dirección Estratégica

[EN] The objective of this research paper is to investigate, from a theoretical point of view, the strategic relevance of social capital. In recent years, academic literature in this field has witnessed remarkable growth, recognizing social capital as a key element for companies, due to its contribution to the creation of competitive advantages. However, it might be said that its development is still emerging, given the number of discrepancies among researchers regarding its definition, measurement, and its positive or negative impact on other variables. For this reason, a set of empirical studies that show the social capital effect on diverse types of organizational results have been reviewed, taking as a reference the definition and dimensions proposed by Nahapiet and Ghoshal (1998). Additionally, different theoretical links between social capital and four related Strategic Management approaches are presented, such as the Intellectual Capital-Based View, the Knowledge-Based View, the Resource-Based View and the Dynamic Resource-Based View. A main conclusion drawn from this review is that social capital, being a knowledge-based resource, enables access to both internal and external resources and thus a firm’s competitive advantage and, consequently, its value creation can be generated from the combination of both areas. Going in depth and clarifying this strategic linkage are thus a challenge to address in future studies.[ES] El principal objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar la relevancia estratégica del capital social organizacional desde un punto de vista teórico. En los últimos años, la literatura académica relacionada con este concepto ha experimentado un notable crecimiento, reconociendo que el capital social es un elemento fundamental para que las empresas generen ventajas competitivas. Sin embargo, se podría afirmar que su desarrollo es todavía incipiente al existir multitud de discrepaciancias entre los investigadores acerca de su conceptuación, la medición de sus dimensiones o los efectos positivos o negativos que podría tener sobre otras variables. Por este motivo, tomando como referencia la definición y dimensiones propuestas por Nahapiet y Ghoshal (1998), se ha realizado una revisión de las investigaciones que, de manera empírica, han estudiado las relaciones entre el capital social y distintos tipos de resultados organizacionales. Igualmente, se exponen diferentes nexos teóricos encontrados entre el capital social y los principales enfoques en Dirección Estratégica como son Enfoque Basado en el Capital Intelectual, el Enfoque Basado en el Conocimiento, el Enfoque Basado en los Recursos y el Enfoque Basado en las Capacidades dinámicas. Se concluye que el capital social, como recurso basado en el conocimiento, podría permitir el acceso a otros recursos internos o externos, y que la creación de valor y la generación de ventajas competitivas de una empresa puede provenir de la combinación de ambos ámbitos. Así, futuros estudios deben encaminarse hacia la profundización y clarificación de este nexo estratégico

Percepción de los profesionales de enfermería ante la adherencia terapéutica del paciente diagnosticado de esquizofrenia en régimen hospitalario

Trabajo fin de grado en EnfermeríaIntroducción: Uno de los factores que más afecta a los pacientes con esquizofrenia en relación a su calidad de vida y a controlar el proceso de enfermedad es la adherencia terapéutica. Los profesionales de enfermería inciden directamente en una mejor adherencia terapéutica, para ello deben poseer las competencias y los recursos necesarios. Por lo tanto, conocer la percepción de los enfermeros y enfermeras sobre este concepto y su influencia sobre él, será un punto sobre el que apoyarse para desarrollar investigaciones futuras. Objetivo: Describir la percepción de los profesionales de Enfermería en relación a la adherencia terapéutica de pacientes que presentan diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, ingresados en centros de Salud Mental adscritos a la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Metodología: Enfoque cuantitativo, diseño descriptivo de corte transversal, se llevará a cabo en el mes de Junio, en el año 2020. Se utilizarán como herramientas de recolección de datos tres cuestionarios elaborados AD-HOC, que recogerán las variables seleccionadas para el estudio. Conclusiones: Conocer las competencias y dificultades expresadas por parte de los profesionales de enfermería, respecto a la adherencia terapéutica del paciente con esquizofrenia, facilitará futuras investigaciones más profundas y generará conocimiento sobre este tema.Introduction: One of the elements that affect the most to the schizophrenia patient´s life quality and disease process is the treatment adherence. Nurses affect directly improving treatment adherence, for this purpose they must have the required competences and resources. Therefore, knowing nurse´s perception of this subject and their influence in it will be a starting point for future research. Aim: Describe the nurse’s perception in connection with the treatment adherence of patients with schizophrenia diagnosis admitted in mental health hospitals attached to the Universidad Autónoma de Madrid. Methods: The suggested research will be based in the quantitative approach, through a descriptive and transversal design and will take place in June 2020. The tools used will be three questionnaires AD-HOC which will explore several factors, as well as certain knowledges, skills and attitudes. Final conclusions: Knowing about competences and difficulties expressed by nurses, in relation with schizophrenia patient´s treatment adherence, will provide future research and will develop knowledge about this subject

Ethical Obligations and the Dental Office Team

A hypothetical case of alleged sexual misconduct in a practice with high employee turnover and stress is analyzed by three experts. This case commentary examines the ethical role expectations of an office manager who is not directly involved but becomes aware of the activities. The commentators bring the perspectives of a dental hygienist. academic administrator. and attorney; a teacher of behavioral sciences in a dental school; and a general dentist with many years of practice experience